Cardiovascular System Medical Terminology

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| By Sbatson

Sbatson

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Quizzes Created: 1 | Total Attempts: 1,145

Questions: 15 | Attempts: 1,145 | Updated: Mar 22, 2023

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Define, pronounce and spell key terms related to cardiovascular system.

Questions and Answers

1.

What is the muscular wall that separates the heart into a right and left side?
- A.
  
  Septum
- B.
  
  Myocardium
- C.
  
  Mitral Valve
Correct Answer
A. Septum

Explanation
The muscular wall that separates the heart into a right and left side is called the septum. It acts as a barrier, preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart. The septum ensures that oxygen-rich blood is pumped to the body while deoxygenated blood is sent to the lungs for oxygenation.

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2.

The smooth layer of cells that line the inside of the heart are called what?
- A.
  
  Myocardium
- B.
  
  Endocardium
- C.
  
  Pericardium
Correct Answer
B. Endocardium

Explanation
The smooth layer of cells that line the inside of the heart is called the endocardium. This layer acts as a protective barrier and helps to maintain the smooth flow of blood through the heart. It is made up of endothelial cells and connective tissue, and it is essential for the proper functioning of the heart. The endocardium also plays a role in preventing blood clots and regulating the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscles.

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3.

What is the term for the muscular middle layer of the heart?
- A.
  
  Pericardium
- B.
  
  Endocardium
- C.
  
  Myocardium
Correct Answer
C. Myocardium

Explanation
The term for the muscular middle layer of the heart is myocardium. The myocardium is responsible for the contraction and pumping action of the heart. It is composed of cardiac muscle cells that are interconnected and work together to ensure the efficient circulation of blood throughout the body. The myocardium is thicker in the left ventricle, which is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, compared to the right ventricle.

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4.

What is the term for the double-layered membrane, or sac, that covers the outside of the heart?
- A.
  
  Endocardium
- B.
  
  Pericardium
- C.
  
  Myocardium
Correct Answer
B. Pericardium

Explanation
The term for the double-layered membrane, or sac, that covers the outside of the heart is called the pericardium. The pericardium acts as a protective layer for the heart, preventing friction between the heart and surrounding structures. It also helps to maintain the position of the heart within the chest cavity. The pericardium is composed of two layers, the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium.

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5.

The vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called what?
- A.
  
  Capillaries
- B.
  
  Veins
- C.
  
  Arteries
Correct Answer
C. Arteries

Explanation
Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They have thick, muscular walls that help them withstand the high pressure of blood being pumped by the heart. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, while capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

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6.

Vessels that connect arterioles and venules are called what?
- A.
  
  Capillaries
- B.
  
  Arrhythmias
- C.
  
  Leukocytes
Correct Answer
A. Capillaries

Explanation
Capillaries are the vessels that connect arterioles and venules. They are the smallest blood vessels in the body and play a crucial role in the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Capillaries have thin walls, which allow for efficient diffusion of substances. Unlike arterioles and venules, capillaries have a single layer of endothelial cells, which further facilitates the exchange of substances. Therefore, capillaries are the correct answer to the question.

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7.

What is the name of the upper right chamber of the heart?
- A.
  
  Right ventricle
- B.
  
  Right septum
- C.
  
  Right atrium
Correct Answer
C. Right atrium

Explanation
The correct answer is "Right atrium." The right atrium is the upper right chamber of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava and then pumps it into the right ventricle.

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8.

What is the name of the valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery?
- A.
  
  Pulmonary valve
- B.
  
  Mitral valve
- C.
  
  Tricuspid valve
Correct Answer
A. Pulmonary valve

Explanation
The correct answer is the pulmonary valve. This valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It prevents the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle, ensuring that blood flows in the correct direction from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary valve consists of three cusps or leaflets that open and close to regulate blood flow.

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9.

What is the lower right chamber of the heart called?
- A.
  
  Right septum
- B.
  
  Right ventricle
- C.
  
  Right atrium
Correct Answer
B. Right ventricle

Explanation
The lower right chamber of the heart is called the right ventricle. It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The right ventricle has thicker walls compared to the right atrium, as it needs to generate enough force to propel blood through the pulmonary artery and into the lungs.

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10.

What is the left upper chamber of the heart called?
- A.
  
  Left septum
- B.
  
  Left ventricle
- C.
  
  Left atrium
Correct Answer
C. Left atrium

Explanation
The left upper chamber of the heart is called the left atrium. It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle, which then pumps the blood out to the rest of the body. The left atrium is responsible for maintaining the flow of blood through the heart and plays a crucial role in the overall functioning of the cardiovascular system.

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11.

What is the left lower chamber of the heart called?
- A.
  
  Left septum
- B.
  
  Left ventricle
- C.
  
  Left atrium
Correct Answer
B. Left ventricle

Explanation
The left lower chamber of the heart is called the left ventricle. It is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The left ventricle has thicker walls compared to the right ventricle, as it needs to generate enough force to propel blood throughout the systemic circulation.

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12.

What is the valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle called?
- A.
  
  Mitral valve
- B.
  
  Tricuspid Valve
- C.
  
  Aortic valve
Correct Answer
B. Tricuspid Valve

Explanation
The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called the tricuspid valve. This valve has three cusps or flaps that open and close to allow blood to flow from the atrium to the ventricle and prevent backflow. It is named tricuspid because of its three cusps.

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13.

What is the name of the vessels that carry blood back to the heart?
- A.
  
  Veins
- B.
  
  Arteries
- C.
  
  Capillaries
Correct Answer
A. Veins

Explanation
Veins are the correct answer because they are the vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Unlike arteries, which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins transport deoxygenated blood from the body's tissues back to the heart. Capillaries, on the other hand, are the tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

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14.

What is the valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta called>
- A.
  
  Mitral valve
- B.
  
  Pulmonary valve
- C.
  
  Aortic valve
Correct Answer
C. Aortic valve

Explanation
The valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta is called the aortic valve. This valve allows blood to flow from the left ventricle into the aorta, which is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The aortic valve opens when the ventricle contracts and closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricle when it relaxes.

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15.

What is the name of the valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
- A.
  
  Mitral valve
- B.
  
  Pulmonary valve
- C.
  
  Tricuspid valve
Correct Answer
A. Mitral valve

Explanation
The valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called the mitral valve. It is also known as the bicuspid valve because it consists of two flaps or cusps. The mitral valve ensures that blood flows in one direction from the left atrium to the left ventricle, preventing any backflow. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the proper functioning of the heart by allowing efficient blood circulation throughout the body.

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Current Version
Mar 22, 2023

Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team
Jun 23, 2011

Quiz Created by
Sbatson

Cardiovascular System Medical Terminology

What is the muscular wall that separates the heart into a right and left side?

The smooth layer of cells that line the inside of the heart are called what?

What is the term for the muscular middle layer of the heart?

What is the term for the double-layered membrane, or sac, that covers the outside of the heart?

The vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called what?

Vessels that connect arterioles and venules are called what?

What is the name of the upper right chamber of the heart?

What is the name of the valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery?

What is the lower right chamber of the heart called?

What is the left upper chamber of the heart called?

What is the left lower chamber of the heart called?

What is the valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle called?

What is the name of the vessels that carry blood back to the heart?

What is the valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta called>

What is the name of the valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?