10th Grade Biology Test On Evolution Test

1.

Tere are times and places when all 3 things required to maintain genetic equilibrium exist and evolution doesn't happen.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
False. The statement contradicts the principles of evolution. Genetic equilibrium refers to a state where allele frequencies in a population remain constant over generations. However, evolution is the change in allele frequencies over time. Therefore, if all three conditions required for genetic equilibrium (no mutation, no migration, and no natural selection) are present, evolution would not occur.

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2.

Name 1 condition required to maintain genetic equilibrium under the Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Correct Answer
No net mutuations occur
individuals don't enter or exit the population
population is large
individuals mate randomly
selection does not occur

Explanation
To maintain genetic equilibrium under the Hardy-Weinberg Principle, several conditions must be met. Firstly, there should be no net mutations occurring, meaning that there should be no changes in the genetic material of the population. Secondly, individuals should not enter or exit the population, ensuring that the gene pool remains constant. Additionally, the population should be large to prevent random genetic drift. Furthermore, individuals must mate randomly, without any preference or selection for certain traits. Lastly, selection should not occur, meaning that there should be no advantage or disadvantage for certain genotypes in terms of survival and reproduction.

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3.

Traits that show stabalizing distribution and are determined by more than one gene are called

Correct Answer
polygenic inheritance

Explanation
Polygenic inheritance refers to the inheritance of traits that are controlled by multiple genes. In this type of inheritance, each gene contributes a small effect to the phenotype, resulting in a continuous distribution of traits. Stabilizing selection occurs when individuals with intermediate phenotypes have a higher fitness compared to those with extreme phenotypes. Therefore, traits that show a stabilizing distribution and are determined by more than one gene are called polygenic inheritance.

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4.

___________ structures come from the same embryonic tissue.

Correct Answer
homologous

Explanation
Homologous structures come from the same embryonic tissue. This means that they have similar anatomical structures, even though they may have different functions. These structures are evidence of common ancestry and evolution. For example, the forelimbs of different mammals, such as humans, dogs, and bats, have the same basic structure of bones, even though they are used for different purposes. This similarity indicates that these species share a common ancestor and have evolved from a common embryonic tissue.

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5.

Breeding cows that give the most milk or the fastest horses is an example of

Correct Answer
artificial selection

Explanation
Breeding cows or horses to specifically enhance certain traits, such as milk production or speed, is known as artificial selection. This process involves humans selectively breeding animals with desired characteristics in order to create offspring with those same traits. Over time, this can lead to significant changes in the genetic makeup of a population, as certain traits become more prevalent. Artificial selection is a deliberate and controlled method used by humans to manipulate the genetic composition of a species for desired outcomes.

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6.

Name five kinds of evidenc that support Darwin's theory of evolution:
7.

Darwin's idea that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time is called

Correct Answer
decent with modification

Explanation
Darwin's idea that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time is called "decent with modification." This concept suggests that species evolve through a process of gradual changes over long periods, with new traits being passed on to offspring. It is based on the understanding that organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the accumulation of beneficial modifications in subsequent generations. This theory revolutionized our understanding of the diversity of life on Earth and remains a fundamental principle in the field of biology.

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8.

The ability of an organism to survive in its environment is called

Correct Answer
adaptation

Explanation
Adaptation refers to the ability of an organism to adjust and survive in its environment. This process involves the organism developing certain traits or behaviors that allow it to better suit its surroundings and increase its chances of survival. These adaptations can include physical characteristics, such as camouflage or protective structures, as well as behavioral changes, like migration or hibernation. Through adaptation, organisms are able to thrive in various habitats and cope with changes in their environment over time.

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9.

Lamark proposed that organisms could alter the size or shape of their bodies through use or disuse and pass these traits on to their offspring. this idea is called

Correct Answer
acquired characteristics

Explanation
Lamarck's proposal of acquired characteristics suggests that organisms can change the size or shape of their bodies through the use or disuse of certain traits, and these changes can be inherited by their offspring. This concept implies that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed down to future generations.

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10.

Genetic Drift happens in populations that are
- A.
  
  Small
- B.
  
  Large
Correct Answer
A. Small

Explanation
Genetic drift occurs in small populations because there is a higher chance of random fluctuations in allele frequencies. In small populations, genetic variations can be lost more easily due to random events such as the death or reproduction of a few individuals. This can lead to a change in the gene pool over time, causing certain alleles to become more or less common. In contrast, in larger populations, the effect of random events is diluted, making genetic drift less significant.

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11.

Physical characteristics like walrus tusks and porcupine quills or behavioral characteristics like hibernating and living in herds are examples of inherited traits called ________ that help an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Correct Answer
instincts

Explanation
Physical characteristics like walrus tusks and porcupine quills or behavioral characteristics like hibernating and living in herds are examples of inherited traits called instincts that help an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. Instincts are innate behaviors that are genetically determined and do not require learning or experience. These traits are passed down from generation to generation and are essential for the survival and reproductive success of an organism in its specific environment.

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12.

In addition to observing living organims, Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms called

Correct Answer
fossils

Explanation
Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms called fossils in addition to observing living organisms. Fossils provide valuable evidence of past life forms and allow scientists to study the evolution and changes that have occurred over millions of years. By examining fossils, Darwin was able to gather insights into the history of life on Earth and develop his theory of evolution. Fossils provide a unique window into the past and help us understand the diversity and interconnectedness of living organisms.

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13.

Name the island where Darwin observed finches, iguanas, and turtles that led to his Theory of Evolution.

Correct Answer
Galapagos

Explanation
Darwin observed finches, iguanas, and turtles on the island of Galapagos, which led to his Theory of Evolution. The unique species found on the island, with distinct adaptations and characteristics, provided evidence for natural selection and the process of evolution. These observations played a crucial role in shaping Darwin's understanding of how species evolve over time.

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14.

A well supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world is called a

Correct Answer
theory

Explanation
A theory is a well-supported and testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world. It is based on evidence and observations and provides a framework for understanding and predicting natural phenomena. Theories are developed through rigorous scientific research and experimentation, and they can be modified or refined as new evidence emerges. Theories are an essential part of scientific knowledge and help scientists make sense of the natural world.

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15.

The process in which organisms that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce is called

Correct Answer
survival of the fittest

Explanation
Survival of the fittest refers to the natural process by which organisms that possess advantageous traits for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. These advantageous traits can include physical characteristics, behaviors, or adaptations that allow individuals to better compete for resources, avoid predators, or successfully reproduce. Over time, these advantageous traits become more common in the population, leading to the evolution of species that are better suited to their environment. This concept was coined by Charles Darwin and is a fundamental principle of evolutionary biology.

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16.

A ___________ consists of all the different alleles present in a population

Correct Answer
gene pool

Explanation
A gene pool refers to the collection of all the different alleles present in a population. It represents the total genetic diversity within a population and includes all the variations of genes that can be passed on to the next generation. The gene pool is crucial for understanding genetic variation and evolutionary processes within a population.

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17.

Which of the following is NOT part of Darwin's theory of evolution?
- A.
  
  Organisms in a population show a natural variation in heritable traits.
- B.
  
  Organisms must compete for resources because organisms produce more offspring than can survive
- C.
  
  Species alive today are descended with modification from ancestral species that lived in the distant past
- D.
  
  Evolution unites all organisms into a single tree of life
- E.
  
  Acquired traits can be inherited
Correct Answer
E. Acquired traits can be inherited

Explanation
Darwin's theory of evolution states that organisms in a population show a natural variation in heritable traits, organisms must compete for resources because they produce more offspring than can survive, species alive today are descended with modification from ancestral species that lived in the distant past, and evolution unites all organisms into a single tree of life. However, acquired traits cannot be inherited according to Darwin's theory. This means that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime through individual effort or experience cannot be passed on to the next generation.

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18.

_________ organs are reduced in size and no longer function

Correct Answer
vestigial

Explanation
Vestigial organs are reduced in size and no longer function. These organs are remnants of structures that had a function in the evolutionary ancestors of the organism but have lost their original purpose over time. They serve no significant function in the current organism, and their small size and lack of functionality are evidence of their vestigial nature.

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19.

Name the kind of macroevolution in which populations show a pattern of long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid change.

Correct Answer

Explanation
The kind of macroevolution in which populations show a pattern of long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid change is known as punctuated equilibrium. This theory, proposed by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge, suggests that species often remain relatively unchanged for long periods of time (equilibrium), but when change does occur, it happens rapidly (punctuated). This pattern is believed to be a result of various factors, such as environmental changes or the accumulation of genetic mutations over time.

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20.

A situation in which allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of the population is known as the

Correct Answer
21.

Name the two scientists who came up with a mathematical equation to express the frequencies of alleles in a population

Correct Answer
Hardy and Weinberg

Explanation
Hardy and Weinberg are the two scientists who developed a mathematical equation to express the frequencies of alleles in a population. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle states that in the absence of evolutionary forces, the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation. This equation is widely used in population genetics to study the genetic variation within and between populations, providing insights into evolutionary processes such as genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection.

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22.

Name the naturalist whose ideas about evolution were similar to Darwin's and who prompted Darwin to publish his book "On the Origin of Species"

Correct Answer
Wallace

Explanation
Wallace, a naturalist, had similar ideas about evolution to Darwin's. He independently developed the theory of natural selection, which prompted Darwin to finally publish his book "On the Origin of Species." Both Darwin and Wallace believed that species evolved through a process of natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits were more likely to survive and reproduce. Wallace's work provided additional evidence and support for Darwin's theory, leading to the simultaneous publication of their ideas in 1859.

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23.

Another name for divergent evolution is

Correct Answer
adaptive radiation

Explanation
Divergent evolution refers to the process in which a single species evolves into two or more different species over time. This occurs when populations of the same species become isolated and face different environmental conditions, leading to the development of unique traits and adaptations. Adaptive radiation, on the other hand, is the rapid diversification of a single ancestral species into multiple different species that occupy different ecological niches. Both terms describe the process of species branching out and becoming distinct, making adaptive radiation an appropriate alternative name for divergent evolution.

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10th Grade Biology Test On Evolution Test

Tere are times and places when all 3 things required to maintain genetic equilibrium exist and evolution doesn't happen.

Name 1 condition required to maintain genetic equilibrium under the Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Traits that show stabalizing distribution and are determined by more than one gene are called

___________ structures come from the same embryonic tissue.

Breeding cows that give the most milk or the fastest horses is an example of

Name five kinds of evidenc that support Darwin's theory of evolution:

Darwin's idea that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time is called

The ability of an organism to survive in its environment is called

Lamark proposed that organisms could alter the size or shape of their bodies through use or disuse and pass these traits on to their offspring. this idea is called

Genetic Drift happens in populations that are

Physical characteristics like walrus tusks and porcupine quills or behavioral characteristics like hibernating and living in herds are examples of inherited traits called ________ that help an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.

In addition to observing living organims, Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms called

Name the island where Darwin observed finches, iguanas, and turtles that led to his Theory of Evolution.

A well supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world is called a

The process in which organisms that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce is called

A ___________ consists of all the different alleles present in a population

Which of the following is NOT part of Darwin's theory of evolution?

_________ organs are reduced in size and no longer function

Name the kind of macroevolution in which populations show a pattern of long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid change.

A situation in which allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of the population is known as the

Name the two scientists who came up with a mathematical equation to express the frequencies of alleles in a population

Name the naturalist whose ideas about evolution were similar to Darwin's and who prompted Darwin to publish his book "On the Origin of Species"

Another name for divergent evolution is