AP Biology Practice Test (Chapter 10-photosynthesis)

1. What does the "P" in NADP stand for?

Plants

Photosynthesis

A phosphate group

Pink

The "P" in NADP stands for a phosphate group. NADP, or Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, is a coenzyme involved in many cellular processes, particularly in energy transfer reactions. It plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, where it acts as an electron carrier in the light-dependent reactions. The phosphate group in NADP is important for its function as it allows the molecule to accept and donate electrons during these reactions.

Explanation

The "P" in NADP stands for a phosphate group. NADP, or Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, is a coenzyme involved in many cellular processes, particularly in energy transfer reactions. It plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, where it acts as an electron carrier in the light-dependent reactions. The phosphate group in NADP is important for its function as it allows the molecule to accept and donate electrons during these reactions.

2. 3 phases of calvin cycle, respectively are..?

Reduction, carbon fixation, regeneration of CO2 acceptor

Reproduction of CO2 acceptor, carbon fixer, deduction

Carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration of CO2 acceptor

Carbon fixer, deduction, reproduction of CO2 acceptor

The correct answer is "carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration of CO2 acceptor." In the Calvin cycle, carbon fixation is the process in which carbon dioxide is converted into an organic molecule. Reduction involves the conversion of the organic molecule into a carbohydrate using energy from ATP and NADPH. Lastly, regeneration of the CO2 acceptor involves the regeneration of the starting molecule, RuBP, which allows the cycle to continue.

Explanation

The correct answer is "carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration of CO2 acceptor." In the Calvin cycle, carbon fixation is the process in which carbon dioxide is converted into an organic molecule. Reduction involves the conversion of the organic molecule into a carbohydrate using energy from ATP and NADPH. Lastly, regeneration of the CO2 acceptor involves the regeneration of the starting molecule, RuBP, which allows the cycle to continue.

3. Why are leaves green?

Because they contain chlorophyll, a green pigment

Because leaves reflect or transmit green light only

Because leaves absorb violet-blue and red light

Leaves appear green because they reflect or transmit green light only. The green color of leaves is a result of the chlorophyll pigment present in them. Chlorophyll absorbs violet-blue and red light, while reflecting or transmitting green light. This selective absorption and reflection of light wavelengths by chlorophyll give leaves their characteristic green color.

Explanation

Leaves appear green because they reflect or transmit green light only. The green color of leaves is a result of the chlorophyll pigment present in them. Chlorophyll absorbs violet-blue and red light, while reflecting or transmitting green light. This selective absorption and reflection of light wavelengths by chlorophyll give leaves their characteristic green color.

4. To synthesize one glucose molecule, the calvin cycle uses ___ molecules of CO2, ___ molecules of ATP, and ___ molecules of NADPH.

In the Calvin cycle, one glucose molecule is synthesized using 6 molecules of CO2, 18 molecules of ATP, and 12 molecules of NADPH. The Calvin cycle is a series of chemical reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts, and it is responsible for converting carbon dioxide into glucose, a process known as carbon fixation. CO2 molecules are combined with molecules from ATP and NADPH to form glucose through a series of enzymatic reactions. Therefore, to synthesize one glucose molecule, 6 molecules of CO2, 18 molecules of ATP, and 12 molecules of NADPH are required.

Explanation

In the Calvin cycle, one glucose molecule is synthesized using 6 molecules of CO2, 18 molecules of ATP, and 12 molecules of NADPH. The Calvin cycle is a series of chemical reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts, and it is responsible for converting carbon dioxide into glucose, a process known as carbon fixation. CO2 molecules are combined with molecules from ATP and NADPH to form glucose through a series of enzymatic reactions. Therefore, to synthesize one glucose molecule, 6 molecules of CO2, 18 molecules of ATP, and 12 molecules of NADPH are required.

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5. Check off the things that were NOT used in Engelmann's experiment?

Anaerobic bacteria

A prism to reflect and transmit light

Oxygen

Light

Engelmann's experiment involved the use of a prism to reflect and transmit light and the presence of light itself. However, anaerobic bacteria and oxygen were not used in his experiment. Anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen to survive, and since oxygen was not used, it suggests that the experiment did not involve the study of anaerobic bacteria.

Explanation

Engelmann's experiment involved the use of a prism to reflect and transmit light and the presence of light itself. However, anaerobic bacteria and oxygen were not used in his experiment. Anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen to survive, and since oxygen was not used, it suggests that the experiment did not involve the study of anaerobic bacteria.

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