AHS 305 - Lectures 15-18
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Covers some material from oncology, dermatology, disease of the respiratory tract, and nephrology/urology.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
A circumscribed, flat spot up to 1 cm in size - characterized by a change in color.
- A.
Macule
- B.
Patch
- C.
Papule
- D.
Plaque
- E.
Purpura
- F.
Nodule
- G.
Tumor
- H.
Pustule
- I.
Abscess
- J.
Wheal
- K.
Angioedema
- L.
Vesicle
- M.
Bulla
Correct Answer
A. MaculeExplanation
A macule is a circumscribed, flat spot that is characterized by a change in color. It is up to 1 cm in size. This means that it is a small, flat area on the skin that is different in color compared to the surrounding skin. It does not have any elevation or texture changes, and it is not raised or palpable. Macules can be caused by various factors, such as pigmentation changes, inflammation, or vascular abnormalities.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Transitional cell carcinomia usually affects which area of the urinary bladder? ____________
Correct Answer
trigone
TrigoneExplanation
Transitional cell carcinoma usually affects the trigone area of the urinary bladder. The trigone is a triangular-shaped region located at the base of the bladder, where the ureters and urethra connect. It is a common site for the development of bladder cancer because the cells in this area are more susceptible to mutation and malignant transformation.Rate this question:
- 3.
All of the flowing ARE true causes of urinary inconteincence in dogs, but which is the most common cause in female dogs?
- A.
Cystitis
- B.
Psychogenic polydipsia
- C.
Spinal cord disease
- D.
Canine cognitive dysfunction
- E.
Lack of estrogen
- F.
Ectopic ureter
Correct Answer
E. Lack of estrogenExplanation
Lack of estrogen is the most common cause of urinary incontinence in female dogs. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining the tone of the urethral sphincter, which is responsible for controlling the flow of urine. When estrogen levels decrease, the urethral sphincter weakens, leading to urinary incontinence. Other causes such as cystitis, psychogenic polydipsia, spinal cord disease, canine cognitive dysfunction, and ectopic ureter can also contribute to urinary incontinence in dogs, but lack of estrogen is the most prevalent cause in female dogs.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Uroliths only occur in the bladder.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Uroliths can occur anywhere in the urinary tract.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Reverse sneezing
- A.
Rhinitis
- B.
Tonsilitis
- C.
URI
- D.
Tracheobronchitis
- E.
Pneumonia
- F.
Pleuritis
- G.
Pyothorax
Correct Answer
A. RhinitisExplanation
Rhinitis is the inflammation of the nasal passages, which can cause symptoms such as sneezing, congestion, and runny nose. It is a common condition that can be caused by allergies, infections, or irritants. In the context of the given options, rhinitis is the most likely explanation for the symptoms described. Reverse sneezing, on the other hand, is a reflex action in which a dog inhales rapidly and forcefully through its nose, often accompanied by snorting or gagging sounds. While reverse sneezing can be a symptom of rhinitis, it is not a condition itself.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Turbinate destruction, erosion
- A.
Rhinitis
- B.
Tonsilitis
- C.
URI
- D.
Tracheobronchitis
- E.
Pneumonia
- F.
Pleuritis
- G.
Pyothorax
Correct Answer
A. RhinitisExplanation
Turbinate destruction and erosion are commonly associated with rhinitis. Rhinitis is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa, which can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, and sneezing. Turbinate destruction and erosion can occur as a result of chronic inflammation in the nasal passages. This can lead to nasal obstruction and difficulty breathing. Therefore, the correct answer is rhinitis.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Swelling under the eye, unilateral nasal discharge
- A.
Rhinitis
- B.
Tonsilitis
- C.
URI
- D.
Tracheobronchitis
- E.
Pneumonia
- F.
Pleuritis
- G.
Pyothorax
- H.
Sinusitis
Correct Answer
H. SinusitisExplanation
Sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of the sinuses, which are air-filled cavities in the skull. Swelling under the eye and unilateral nasal discharge are common symptoms of sinusitis. Sinusitis can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, and it can lead to symptoms such as facial pain, headache, and a blocked or stuffy nose. Treatment for sinusitis may include antibiotics, decongestants, and nasal irrigation.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A "pinch test" can be used to induce a cough
- A.
Rhinitis
- B.
Tonsilitis
- C.
URI
- D.
Tracheobronchitis
- E.
Pneumonia
- F.
Pleuritis
- G.
Pyothorax
- H.
Sinusitis
Correct Answer
D. TracheobronchitisExplanation
Tracheobronchitis is an inflammation of the trachea and bronchi, which can cause coughing. The "pinch test" mentioned in the question refers to a method where the healthcare provider pinches the skin on the back of the hand or forearm to induce a cough reflex. This test is commonly used to assess the presence of tracheobronchitis or other respiratory conditions.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Must be differentiated from an infected tooth root.
- A.
Rhinitis
- B.
Tonsilitis
- C.
URI
- D.
Tracheobronchitis
- E.
Pneumonia
- F.
Pleuritis
- G.
Pyothorax
- H.
Sinusitis
Correct Answer
H. SinusitisExplanation
Sinusitis is the correct answer because it is a condition that must be differentiated from an infected tooth root. Sinusitis is the inflammation of the sinuses, which are air-filled spaces in the skull connected to the nasal passages. It can cause symptoms similar to an infected tooth root, such as facial pain, pressure, and a toothache. However, sinusitis is caused by inflammation of the sinuses, while an infected tooth root is caused by a bacterial infection. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between the two conditions to provide appropriate treatment.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Swollen tonsils
- A.
Rhinitis
- B.
Tonsilitis
- C.
URI
- D.
Tracheobronchitis
- E.
Pneumonia
- F.
Pleuritis
- G.
Pyothorax
- H.
Sinusitis
Correct Answer
B. TonsilitisExplanation
Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the tonsils, which are located at the back of the throat. Swollen tonsils are a common symptom of tonsillitis. This condition is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection and can lead to symptoms such as sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever. Treatment for tonsillitis may include rest, fluids, pain relievers, and in some cases, antibiotics.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A biopsy is part of the diagnostic procedures.
- A.
Rhinitis
- B.
Tonsilitis
- C.
URI
- D.
Tracheobronchitis
- E.
Pneumonia
- F.
Pleuritis
- G.
Pyothorax
- H.
Sinusitis
Correct Answer
B. TonsilitisExplanation
A biopsy is a medical procedure where a small sample of tissue is taken from the body for examination and diagnosis of a disease or condition. While the given answer, tonsillitis, is not directly related to a biopsy, it is a common condition that may require a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other potential causes. Therefore, it can be considered as part of the diagnostic procedures.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Also known as kennel cough (ie. Bordatella)
- A.
Rhinitis
- B.
Tonsilitis
- C.
URI
- D.
Tracheobronchitis
- E.
Pneumonia
- F.
Pleuritis
- G.
Pyothorax
- H.
Sinusitis
Correct Answer
D. TracheobronchitisExplanation
Tracheobronchitis, also known as kennel cough, is the correct answer. This condition is characterized by inflammation of the trachea and bronchi, leading to a persistent cough. It is commonly caused by the Bordetella bacteria and is highly contagious among dogs. Symptoms may include coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and mild fever. Tracheobronchitis is typically self-limiting and resolves within a few weeks with supportive care. Treatment may involve cough suppressants, antibiotics, and rest.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Can be an extenstion of rhinitis, or a problem of its own.
- A.
Rhinitis
- B.
Tonsilitis
- C.
URI
- D.
Tracheobronchitis
- E.
Pneumonia
- F.
Pleuritis
- G.
Pyothorax
- H.
Sinusitis
Correct Answer
H. SinusitisExplanation
Sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of the sinuses, which are the air-filled spaces in the skull that are connected to the nasal passages. It can be an extension of rhinitis, which is inflammation of the nasal passages, or it can be a problem on its own. Sinusitis can occur when the sinuses become blocked and filled with fluid, leading to the growth of bacteria or viruses. Symptoms of sinusitis include facial pain or pressure, nasal congestion, headache, and thick nasal discharge. Treatment may include antibiotics, decongestants, and nasal irrigation.Rate this question:
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- 14.
A macule over 1 cm in size
- A.
Macule
- B.
Patch
- C.
Papule
- D.
Plaque
- E.
Purpura
- F.
Nodule
- G.
Tumor
- H.
Pustule
- I.
Abscess
- J.
Wheal
- K.
Angioedema
- L.
Vesicle
- M.
Bulla
Correct Answer
B. PatchExplanation
A patch is a flat, non-raised area of skin that is larger than 1 cm in size. It is usually a different color than the surrounding skin. This is in contrast to a macule, which is smaller than 1 cm. A patch can be caused by various skin conditions such as vitiligo, eczema, or fungal infections.Rate this question:
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- 15.
An opening between the oral cavity and the nasal cavity is called_________.
Correct Answer
fistulaExplanation
A fistula is an abnormal connection or opening between two body cavities or organs. In this case, the opening between the oral cavity and the nasal cavity is referred to as a fistula.Rate this question:
- 16.
A small, solid elevation of the skin up to 1 cm in diameter.
- A.
Macule
- B.
Patch
- C.
Papule
- D.
Plaque
- E.
Purpura
- F.
Nodule
- G.
Tumor
- H.
Pustule
- I.
Abscess
- J.
Wheal
- K.
Angioedema
- L.
Vesicle
- M.
Bulla
Correct Answer
C. PapuleExplanation
A papule is a small, solid elevation of the skin that is up to 1 cm in diameter. It is typically raised and can be felt or palpated. Unlike a macule, which is flat, a papule has a noticeable elevation. It is different from a patch, plaque, purpura, nodule, tumor, pustule, abscess, wheal, angioedema, vesicle, or bulla, as these terms refer to other types of skin lesions with different characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 17.
A larger, flat-topped elevation formed by the extension or coalition of papules.
- A.
Macule
- B.
Patch
- C.
Papule
- D.
Plaque
- E.
Purpura
- F.
Nodule
- G.
Tumor
- H.
Pustule
- I.
Abscess
- J.
Wheal
- K.
Angioedema
- L.
Vesicle
- M.
Bulla
Correct Answer
D. PlaqueExplanation
A plaque is a larger, flat-topped elevation formed by the extension or coalition of papules. It is a skin lesion that is characterized by its size and shape. Plaques can be raised or flat and can vary in color. They are often caused by skin conditions such as psoriasis or lichen planus. Plaques can be itchy or painful and can sometimes cause discomfort or embarrassment for the individual.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A type of macule caused by bleeding into the skin (reddish color).
- A.
Macule
- B.
Patch
- C.
Papule
- D.
Plaque
- E.
Purpura
- F.
Nodule
- G.
Tumor
- H.
Pustule
- I.
Abscess
- J.
Wheal
- K.
Angioedema
- L.
Vesicle
- M.
Bulla
Correct Answer
E. PurpuraExplanation
Purpura refers to a type of macule that is caused by bleeding into the skin, resulting in a reddish color. It is characterized by small, flat spots that do not blanch when pressure is applied. Purpura can be caused by various factors such as trauma, blood disorders, or certain medications.Rate this question:
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- 19.
A small, circumscribed, solid elevation greater than 1 cm in diameter that usually extends into the deeper layers of the skin.
- A.
Macule
- B.
Patch
- C.
Papule
- D.
Plaque
- E.
Purpura
- F.
Nodule
- G.
Tumor
- H.
Pustule
- I.
Abscess
- J.
Wheal
- K.
Angioedema
- L.
Vesicle
- M.
Bulla
Correct Answer
F. NoduleExplanation
A nodule is a small, solid elevation on the skin that is greater than 1 cm in diameter and usually extends into the deeper layers of the skin. It is different from a macule, patch, papule, plaque, purpura, tumor, pustule, abscess, wheal, angioedema, vesicle, or bulla.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A neoplastic enlargement that may involve any structure of the skin or subcutaneous tissue.
- A.
Macule
- B.
Patch
- C.
Papule
- D.
Plaque
- E.
Purpura
- F.
Nodule
- G.
Tumor
- H.
Pustule
- I.
Abscess
- J.
Wheal
- K.
Angioedema
- L.
Vesicle
- M.
Bulla
Correct Answer
G. TumorExplanation
A tumor is a neoplastic enlargement that can occur in any structure of the skin or subcutaneous tissue. This can refer to both benign and malignant growths. Tumors can vary in size and can be solid or filled with fluid. They can be caused by various factors, including genetic mutations and environmental factors. It is important to note that not all tumors are cancerous, but they should still be evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate treatment.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A small circumscribed elevation of the skin filled with pus that is usually intraepidermal or follicular in location.
- A.
Macule
- B.
Patch
- C.
Papule
- D.
Plaque
- E.
Purpura
- F.
Nodule
- G.
Tumor
- H.
Pustule
- I.
Abscess
- J.
Wheal
- K.
Angioedema
- L.
Vesicle
- M.
Bulla
Correct Answer
H. PustuleExplanation
A pustule is a small elevation of the skin that is filled with pus. It is usually located within the epidermis or hair follicle. Pustules can be caused by various factors such as infections, inflammation, or immune responses. They are typically characterized by a white or yellowish center surrounded by redness and inflammation. Pustules are commonly seen in conditions like acne or bacterial skin infections.Rate this question:
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- 22.
A demarcated fluctuant lesion resulting from dermal or subcutaneus accumulation of pus.
- A.
Macule
- B.
Patch
- C.
Papule
- D.
Plaque
- E.
Purpura
- F.
Nodule
- G.
Tumor
- H.
Pustule
- I.
Abscess
- J.
Wheal
- K.
Angioedema
- L.
Vesicle
- M.
Bulla
Correct Answer
I. AbscessExplanation
An abscess is a localized collection of pus that forms within the body tissues. It is typically caused by an infection and is characterized by a fluctuant lesion, meaning it feels soft and spongy to the touch. The accumulation of pus can occur in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue, resulting in a demarcated fluctuant lesion.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A sharply circumscribed, raised, flat-popped lesion consisting of edema that appears and disappears within minutes or hours.
- A.
Macule
- B.
Patch
- C.
Papule
- D.
Plaque
- E.
Purpura
- F.
Nodule
- G.
Tumor
- H.
Pustule
- I.
Abscess
- J.
Wheal
- K.
Angioedema
- L.
Vesicle
- M.
Bulla
Correct Answer
J. WhealExplanation
A wheal is a sharply circumscribed, raised, flat-popped lesion consisting of edema that appears and disappears within minutes or hours. It is commonly seen in allergic reactions, such as hives or insect bites. Wheals are typically red or pale in color and can be itchy or painful. They are different from other skin lesions like macules, patches, papules, plaques, purpura, nodules, tumors, pustules, abscesses, vesicles, or bullae.Rate this question:
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- 24.
A similar condition to wheals except the edema is deeper resulting in diffuse swelling.
- A.
Macule
- B.
Patch
- C.
Papule
- D.
Plaque
- E.
Purpura
- F.
Nodule
- G.
Tumor
- H.
Pustule
- I.
Abscess
- J.
Wheal
- K.
Angioedema
- L.
Vesicle
- M.
Bulla
Correct Answer
K. AngioedemaExplanation
Angioedema is a condition characterized by deeper edema and diffuse swelling, similar to wheals. This explanation describes the condition without explicitly stating that it is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 25.
A sharply circumscribed elevation of the skin filled with clear fluid. They are up to 1 cm in diameter and are usually intraepidermal or subepidermal in location.
- A.
Macule
- B.
Patch
- C.
Papule
- D.
Plaque
- E.
Purpura
- F.
Nodule
- G.
Tumor
- H.
Pustule
- I.
Abscess
- J.
Wheal
- K.
Angioedema
- L.
Vesicle
- M.
Bulla
Correct Answer
L. VesicleExplanation
A vesicle is a sharply circumscribed elevation of the skin filled with clear fluid. It is usually small, up to 1 cm in diameter, and can be located either intraepidermally or subepidermally. This description matches the given explanation, making vesicle the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 26.
A vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter.
- A.
Macule
- B.
Patch
- C.
Papule
- D.
Plaque
- E.
Purpura
- F.
Nodule
- G.
Tumor
- H.
Pustule
- I.
Abscess
- J.
Wheal
- K.
Angioedema
- L.
Vesicle
- M.
Bulla
Correct Answer
M. BullaExplanation
A bulla is a large blister or vesicle that is greater than 1 cm in diameter. It is filled with fluid and is typically caused by a skin infection, friction, or burns.Rate this question:
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- 27.
- A.
Urticaria
- B.
Nodule
- C.
Bulla
- D.
Pyoderma
Correct Answer
C. BullaExplanation
A bulla is a large blister or bubble-like lesion filled with fluid that forms on the skin. It is a specific type of skin lesion that is characterized by its size, typically larger than 5mm in diameter. Urticaria refers to hives or raised, itchy welts on the skin. Nodule refers to a small, solid, raised bump on or under the skin. Pyoderma refers to a skin infection characterized by pus-filled lesions. Out of these options, only bulla matches the description of a large blister or bubble-like lesion.Rate this question:
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- 28.
S. aureus is an etiologic agent of pydoerma in dogs.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
S. aureus is what usually affects humans. S. intermedius affects dogs.Rate this question:
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- 29.
"Hot spot" is another name for chronic moist pyotraumatic dermatitis.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
ACUTE moist pyotraumatic dermatitis.Rate this question:
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- 30.
"Impetigo" is non painful, non pruritic, and is commonly secondary to malnourishment, parasitism, or poor environmental conditions.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Impetigo is a skin infection that is characterized by non-painful and non-itchy sores or blisters. It is commonly seen in individuals who are malnourished, have parasitic infections, or live in poor environmental conditions. Therefore, the statement that "Impetigo is non painful, non pruritic, and is commonly secondary to malnourishment, parasitism, or poor environmental conditions" is true.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Another name for feline acne: ___________ (lower case)
Correct Answer
comedones
comedoneExplanation
Feline acne is a common skin condition in cats characterized by the formation of blackheads and whiteheads on the chin and lower lip area. These skin lesions are similar to comedones, which are clogged hair follicles or pores. Therefore, another name for feline acne is comedones or comedone.Rate this question:
- 32.
Flea allergy dermatitis in cats is called _______ dermatitis.
Correct Answer
miliaryExplanation
Flea allergy dermatitis in cats is called miliary dermatitis. This term refers to the appearance of small, raised bumps on the cat's skin, resembling millet seeds. These bumps are often accompanied by intense itching and can be caused by an allergic reaction to flea saliva. Treatment involves addressing the flea infestation and providing relief for the cat's discomfort through medication and soothing baths.Rate this question:
- 33.
Not an infection. Antibiotics will not cure. Swollen lymph nodes are usually observed in conjunction with skin inflammation.
- A.
Puppy Strangles
- B.
Juvenile Pyoderma
- C.
Furunculosis
Correct Answer
A. Puppy StranglesExplanation
Puppy Strangles, also known as Juvenile Pyoderma, is a condition that causes swollen lymph nodes and skin inflammation in puppies. It is not an infection, so antibiotics will not cure it. The correct answer is Puppy Strangles.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Immune disease, non-bacterial
- A.
Puppy Strangles
- B.
Juvenile Pyoderma
- C.
Furunculosis
Correct Answer
A. Puppy StranglesExplanation
Puppy Strangles, also known as juvenile cellulitis, is an immune-mediated disease that affects young puppies. It is characterized by the inflammation and infection of the skin, lymph nodes, and other tissues. The exact cause of Puppy Strangles is unknown, but it is believed to be triggered by an abnormal immune response. It is not caused by bacteria, hence the term "non-bacterial." Treatment typically involves antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and supportive care to manage the symptoms and help the puppy recover.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Primary cause could be solar, or demodectic
- A.
Puppy Strangles
- B.
Juvenile Pyoderma
- C.
Furunculosis
Correct Answer
C. FurunculosisExplanation
Furunculosis is a skin condition characterized by the formation of painful boils or abscesses on the skin. The primary cause of furunculosis can be solar, which means it is triggered by excessive exposure to the sun, or demodectic, which is caused by an overgrowth of demodex mites on the skin. These mites are normally present on the skin but can multiply rapidly under certain conditions, leading to furunculosis.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Usually a Staphylococcus infection. Treatment is ABs. Lymphadenopathy commonly observed.
- A.
Puppy Strangles
- B.
Juvenile Pyoderma
- C.
Furunculosis
Correct Answer
B. Juvenile PyodermaExplanation
Juvenile Pyoderma is a skin infection commonly seen in young dogs. It is usually caused by Staphylococcus bacteria and is characterized by the presence of pustules, papules, and crusts on the skin. Lymphadenopathy, which refers to the enlargement of lymph nodes, is a common observation in dogs with this condition. The recommended treatment for Juvenile Pyoderma is antibiotics.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Carcinomas are typically tumors of the bone, cartilage, fat or muscle.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Carcinomas originate from epithelial cells - give rise to more common malignancies. Sarcomas are typically from tumors, bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, vascular and hematopoietic tissues.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The goal of chemotherapy in companion animals is palliative.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Chemotherapy in companion animals is aimed at providing palliative care. This means that the goal of chemotherapy is to alleviate symptoms, improve the quality of life, and extend the lifespan of the animal, rather than to cure the underlying disease. Chemotherapy can help manage pain, control the spread of cancer, and improve overall well-being in animals. Therefore, the statement "The goal of chemotherapy in companion animals is palliative" is true.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Commonly observed in dolichocephalic breeds. If surgically removed, wide margins are required.
- A.
Fibroscarcoma
- B.
Epulis
- C.
Squamous cell carcinoma
- D.
Lymphosarcoma
- E.
Basal cell carcinoma
Correct Answer
A. FibroscarcomaExplanation
Fibroscarcoma is commonly observed in dolichocephalic breeds, which are breeds with long and narrow heads. If fibroscarcoma is surgically removed, wide margins are required, meaning that a larger area of tissue around the tumor needs to be removed to ensure complete removal of the cancerous cells. This is likely because fibroscarcoma has a higher chance of recurrence or spreading if not completely excised.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Benign tumor of the connective tissue of the gums. Response to chronic gingival inflammation.
- A.
Fibroscarcoma
- B.
Epulis
- C.
Squamous cell carcinoma
- D.
Lymphosarcoma
- E.
Basal cell carcinoma
Correct Answer
B. EpulisExplanation
Epulis is the correct answer because it is a benign tumor of the connective tissue of the gums. It is commonly associated with chronic gingival inflammation, which is an inflammatory response in the gums. Fibroscarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, lymphosarcoma, and basal cell carcinoma are all types of malignant tumors and do not fit the description given in the question.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Usually affects white areas of the skin. Associated with UV radiation.
- A.
Fibroscarcoma
- B.
Epulis
- C.
Squamous cell carcinoma
- D.
Lymphosarcoma
- E.
Basal cell carcinoma
Correct Answer
C. Squamous cell carcinomaExplanation
Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that commonly affects the white areas of the skin. It is associated with exposure to UV radiation, such as from the sun or tanning beds. This type of cancer develops in the squamous cells, which are the flat cells that make up the outermost layer of the skin. Squamous cell carcinoma can appear as a scaly, red patch, a sore that does not heal, or a raised growth with a central depression. Early detection and treatment are important for a better prognosis.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Not typically malignant, but is locally invasive.
- A.
Fibroscarcoma
- B.
Epulis
- C.
Squamous cell carcinoma
- D.
Lymphosarcoma
- E.
Basal cell carcinoma
Correct Answer
C. Squamous cell carcinomaExplanation
Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that is not typically malignant, meaning it does not usually spread to other parts of the body. However, it is locally invasive, meaning it can grow and invade nearby tissues. This type of cancer originates in the squamous cells, which are flat cells found on the surface of the skin. Squamous cell carcinoma is often caused by prolonged exposure to the sun's UV rays and can develop on areas of the skin that are frequently exposed, such as the face, neck, and hands. Early detection and treatment are important to prevent the cancer from spreading and causing further complications.Rate this question:
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- 43.
In cats, almost always caused by FeLV.
- A.
Fibroscarcoma
- B.
Epulis
- C.
Squamous cell carcinoma
- D.
Lymphosarcoma
- E.
Basal cell carcinoma
Correct Answer
D. LymphosarcomaExplanation
Lymphosarcoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell. In cats, it is almost always caused by the feline leukemia virus (FeLV). FeLV is a retrovirus that weakens the immune system and makes cats more susceptible to various diseases, including lymphosarcoma. Lymphosarcoma can affect various organs and tissues in the body and can cause symptoms such as weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes, and lethargy. Treatment options for lymphosarcoma in cats may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or supportive care to manage symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 44.
By the time a the dog's owner notices an issue, it has become a generalized condition.
- A.
Fibroscarcoma
- B.
Epulis
- C.
Squamous cell carcinoma
- D.
Lymphosarcoma
- E.
Basal cell carcinoma
Correct Answer
D. LymphosarcomaExplanation
Lymphosarcoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is responsible for fighting infections and diseases in the body. It is often difficult to detect in its early stages because it can be asymptomatic or present with vague symptoms. By the time the dog's owner notices an issue, it suggests that the cancer has already progressed and become a generalized condition.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Original from the epithelial layer of skin. Both benign and malignant tumors.
- A.
Fibroscarcoma
- B.
Epulis
- C.
Squamous cell carcinoma
- D.
Lymphosarcoma
- E.
Basal cell carcinoma
Correct Answer
E. Basal cell carcinomaExplanation
Basal cell carcinoma is the correct answer because it originates from the epithelial layer of the skin. It can be both benign and malignant, meaning it can be non-cancerous or cancerous. The other options listed, such as fibrosarcoma, epulis, squamous cell carcinoma, and lymphosarcoma, do not specifically originate from the epithelial layer of the skin.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Single lymph node
- A.
Stage I
- B.
Stage II
- C.
Stage III
- D.
Stage IV
- E.
Stage V
- F.
Substage a
- G.
Substage b
Correct Answer
A. Stage IExplanation
The correct answer is Stage I. This suggests that the presence of a single lymph node indicates an early stage of the condition being assessed.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Multiple lymph nodes in a regional area
- A.
Stage I
- B.
Stage II
- C.
Stage III
- D.
Stage IV
- E.
Stage V
- F.
Substage a
- G.
Substage b
Correct Answer
B. Stage IIExplanation
Stage II refers to the stage of cancer where the tumor has grown larger and may have spread to nearby lymph nodes, but has not yet spread to other parts of the body. In this case, the presence of multiple lymph nodes in a regional area suggests that the cancer has progressed beyond Stage I, where the tumor is confined to its site of origin.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Generalized lymphadenopathy
- A.
Stage I
- B.
Stage II
- C.
Stage III
- D.
Stage IV
- E.
Stage V
- F.
Substage a
- G.
Substage b
Correct Answer
C. Stage IIIExplanation
Stage III refers to the advanced stage of a disease or condition. In the context of generalized lymphadenopathy, it indicates that the lymph nodes are enlarged and involved in multiple areas of the body. This stage suggests that the disease has progressed and spread beyond the initial site of origin. It may indicate the presence of a more serious underlying condition or a systemic infection. Further medical evaluation and treatment are necessary to determine the specific cause and manage the condition appropriately.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Liver and/or spleen involvement
- A.
Stage I
- B.
Stage II
- C.
Stage III
- D.
Stage IV
- E.
Stage V
- F.
Substage a
- G.
Substage b
Correct Answer
D. Stage IVExplanation
The correct answer is Stage IV, which suggests that the liver and/or spleen are involved. This means that the cancer has spread to other organs beyond the original site, indicating a more advanced stage of the disease. Liver and spleen involvement can have significant implications for the prognosis and treatment options for the patient.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Bone marrow or blood involvement and/or any nonlymphoid organ
- A.
Stage I
- B.
Stage II
- C.
Stage III
- D.
Stage IV
- E.
Stage V
- F.
Substage a
- G.
Substage b
Correct Answer
E. Stage VExplanation
Stage V refers to the most advanced stage of a disease. In the context of the given information, stage V would signify that the disease has spread to nonlymphoid organs, bone marrow, or blood. This suggests that the disease has progressed significantly and may require more aggressive treatment options.Rate this question:
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jun 09, 2011Quiz Created by
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