Tmh Hematology Quiz 2011

Explanation
An atypical lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell that is larger and has an irregular shape compared to normal lymphocytes. These cells are often seen in response to viral infections or certain diseases, such as mononucleosis. They can also be found in some autoimmune disorders and lymphomas. Identifying atypical lymphocytes in a blood sample can help diagnose and monitor these conditions.

Explanation
A segmented neutrophil refers to a mature neutrophil with segmented nucleus, which is a characteristic feature of these cells. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response by engulfing and destroying pathogens. The segmented nucleus allows the neutrophil to be more flexible and efficient in carrying out its functions. In contrast, a hypersegmented neutrophil would have an abnormally high number of segments in its nucleus, which can be indicative of certain medical conditions. A band, on the other hand, refers to an immature neutrophil with a horseshoe-shaped nucleus.

Explanation
A metamyelocyte is a type of immature white blood cell that is found in the bone marrow. It is characterized by having a kidney-shaped nucleus that is partially lobed, with some indentations or constrictions. Metamyelocytes are the stage of development between myelocytes and mature white blood cells. They are larger in size compared to myelocytes and have some granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are important in the process of hematopoiesis, which is the formation of new blood cells.

Explanation
A promyelocyte is a type of immature blood cell that is found in the bone marrow. It is one of the early stages of granulocyte development, which are a type of white blood cell. Promyelocytes are larger in size compared to myelocytes and blasts, and they have a distinct nucleus and granules in their cytoplasm. The presence of these characteristics helps to identify this cell as a promyelocyte.

Explanation
Pelger-Huet is a genetic abnormality that affects the shape of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. In individuals with Pelger-Huet, the neutrophils have bilobed nuclei instead of the normal segmented nuclei. This condition is usually harmless and does not cause any health problems. Hyper-segmented neutrophils, on the other hand, have more than the usual number of segments in their nuclei and can be seen in certain conditions like megaloblastic anemia. However, segmented neutrophils have a normal appearance and are the most common type of neutrophil seen in a healthy individual.

Explanation
Morulae is the correct answer because it is the only term mentioned that is related to embryology. Platelet is a component of blood and artifact refers to an object made or modified by humans. Morulae, on the other hand, refers to a stage in embryonic development where a solid ball of cells is formed. Therefore, Morulae is the only term that fits the category of inclusion in the white cell.

Explanation
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune system. They are characterized by their large size and kidney-shaped nucleus. Monocytes are known to engulf and destroy foreign particles, dead cells, and debris through a process called phagocytosis. They also play a role in presenting antigens to other immune cells, helping to initiate an immune response.

Explanation
A myelocyte is a type of immature white blood cell that is found in the bone marrow. It is characterized by its large size and round nucleus. Myelocytes are part of the process of hematopoiesis, where they differentiate into mature white blood cells. They are typically seen in the bone marrow during the early stages of granulocyte development.

Explanation
Dohle bodies are inclusion bodies that appear as pale blue granules in the cytoplasm of neutrophils. They are commonly seen in peripheral blood smears of patients with various infections, inflammatory conditions, and myeloproliferative disorders. Dohle bodies are indicative of ongoing cellular stress or inflammation and can help in the diagnosis and monitoring of these conditions.

Explanation
The correct answer is Eosinophil. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that are involved in the immune response against parasites and in allergic reactions. They contain granules that stain red with eosin, which gives them their name. Eosinophils are characterized by their bilobed nucleus and their cytoplasmic granules. They play a role in controlling inflammation and are often elevated in conditions such as allergies, asthma, and parasitic infections.

Explanation
A neutrophil is a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight off infections. Toxic granulation refers to an abnormal appearance of granules within the neutrophil, which can be seen under a microscope. This can be a sign of an underlying infection or inflammation. Therefore, the correct answer is "Neutrophil with toxic granulation."

Explanation
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is responsible for recognizing and attacking foreign substances in the body, such as bacteria and viruses. Lymphocytes are typically small in size and have a large nucleus surrounded by a small amount of cytoplasm. They are important for maintaining the body's immune response and are involved in the production of antibodies.

Explanation
A "band" refers to a type of white blood cell called a band neutrophil, which is an immature form of a segmented neutrophil. When the body is fighting an infection or inflammation, the bone marrow releases more neutrophils, including bands, into the bloodstream. Bands have a nucleus that is not fully segmented, giving it a band-like shape. The presence of bands in the blood can indicate an ongoing infection or inflammation.

Explanation
This question is asking to identify the inclusions in the given white blood cell (WBC). The correct answer is "Auer Rods." Auer rods are needle-like structures that are commonly seen in the cytoplasm of myeloid precursor cells, particularly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). They are considered abnormal inclusions and are indicative of a pathological condition. Dohle bodies, on the other hand, are small, round, bluish inclusions found in the cytoplasm of neutrophils, and artifacts refer to any external substances or structures that may have been introduced during the preparation of the sample.