Competency In Clinical Biochemistry! Trivia Quiz

Explanation
All of the given samples, CSF, urine, and serum/plasma, can be used to test for protein. CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, and it can be analyzed to detect protein abnormalities related to neurological disorders. Urine can also be tested for protein levels, which can indicate kidney damage or other urinary tract issues. Serum and plasma, which are components of blood, can be used to measure protein levels in the body, providing information about various health conditions. Therefore, all of these samples are suitable for protein testing.

Explanation
In a hemolytic crisis, there is an increased breakdown of red blood cells, leading to an excessive release of bilirubin into the bloodstream. Bilirubin is a byproduct of the breakdown of heme in red blood cells and is usually processed by the liver and excreted in bile. However, in a hemolytic crisis, the liver may not be able to keep up with the increased bilirubin production, resulting in elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is increased.

Explanation
Faeces gets its brown pigmentation from stercobilin. Stercobilin is a breakdown product of bilirubin, which is formed when red blood cells are broken down in the liver. Bilirubin is then converted into stercobilin in the intestines and gives the feces its characteristic brown color.

Explanation
Paget's disease is a disorder characterized by abnormal bone remodeling, leading to enlarged and weakened bones. This condition is associated with an elevated level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood. ALP is an enzyme found in various tissues, including bones, liver, and intestines. In Paget's disease, the abnormal bone turnover causes an increase in ALP production, resulting in elevated levels of ALP in the blood. Therefore, Paget's disease is the disorder in which ALP is elevated.

Explanation
Troponin is the most specific enzyme for the diagnosis of a Myocardial Infarction. Troponin is a protein found in cardiac muscle cells, and its release into the bloodstream is a specific indicator of damage to the heart muscle. Elevated levels of troponin in the blood indicate myocardial injury, making it a highly reliable marker for diagnosing a heart attack. AST (aspartate aminotransferase), CK (creatine kinase), and CK-MB (creatine kinase-MB) are also enzymes that can be elevated in myocardial infarction, but troponin is considered the most specific and sensitive marker for this condition.

Explanation
Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. It can cause various symptoms and complications, including muscle weakness, heart arrhythmias, and neuromuscular symptoms. However, it does not directly affect the absorption of Vitamin D. Therefore, decreased Vitamin D absorption is not a consequence of hyperkalemia.

Explanation
LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) is an enzyme found in many tissues, including red blood cells. Hemolysis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells, which can release LDH into the bloodstream, leading to falsely elevated levels. Therefore, LDH would be the analyte that is falsely elevated due to hemolysis.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Waxy cast". In the picture above, there is a structure that appears to be a cast, which is a cylindrical structure formed in the renal tubules. The cast has a smooth, homogeneous appearance and a pale color, which is characteristic of waxy casts. Waxy casts are often seen in chronic kidney disease and indicate severe damage to the renal tubules.

Explanation
The pH of the urine specimen is 8.0, which indicates alkaline urine. Triple phosphate crystals are commonly found in alkaline urine and are formed by the precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate. Therefore, the likely crystal seen above is triple phosphate.

Explanation
The crystal shown in the picture above is identified as calcium oxalate. This conclusion can be made based on the visual characteristics of the crystal in the image. Calcium oxalate crystals typically have a distinctive shape and appearance, which matches the crystal shown. Additionally, calcium oxalate crystals are commonly found in urine and can be associated with certain medical conditions such as kidney stones. Therefore, considering the context of the question, calcium oxalate is the most appropriate answer.

Explanation
The given biochemical test results indicate the presence of yeasts. The pH level of 6.5, along with the trace amount of protein, suggests the growth of yeasts. The absence of leukocyte esterase, glucose, bilirubin, and nitrite further supports this conclusion. RBCs and WBCs are not indicated in the test results, and hyphae are not mentioned at all. Therefore, the correct answer is yeasts.