ข้อสอบวิทยาศาสตร์พื้นฐาน (หน่วยการเรียนรู้ที่ 2)

Grass is the correct answer because it is a primary producer in the ecosystem, meaning it is able to convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. Grass plays a crucial role in the food chain as it is a food source for many herbivores, which in turn are prey for carnivores. Additionally, grass helps prevent soil erosion, filters water, and provides habitats for various organisms. Therefore, grass is of utmost importance to the ecosystem.

The correct answer is ข. สนามกีฬาในโรงพละ. This is because a sports field in a school does not qualify as an environmental system. Environmental systems typically refer to natural habitats such as ponds, forests, or national parks, where living organisms interact with their surroundings. A sports field, on the other hand, is a man-made structure designed for recreational purposes rather than ecological preservation.

The correct answer is "โลกของสิ่งมีชีวิต" (The world of living things). This answer is correct because it refers to the largest ecosystem, which encompasses all living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment. This includes various habitats such as forests, grasslands, oceans, and more, where different species coexist and depend on each other for survival.

หญ้าแพรกเป็นสิ่งมีชีวิตที่สามารถผลิตอาหารด้วยตนเองได้ โดยใช้แสงอาทิตย์และคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์จากอากาศเพื่อสังเคราะห์อาหาร นอกจากนี้ หญ้าแพรกยังเป็นต้นแบบในการผลิตอาหารสำหรับสัตว์ที่อยู่ในโซนที่มีทรัพยากรอาหารจำกัด ดังนั้นหญ้าแพรกเป็นผู้ผลิตอาหาร

In a symbiotic relationship, one party benefits while the other party is harmed or does not benefit. This is represented by the answer choice "ฝ่ายหนึ่งได้ประโยชน์ แต่อีกฝ่ายหนึ่งเสียประโยชน์" which translates to "One party benefits, but the other party is harmed." This accurately describes the nature of a symbiotic relationship where there is an unequal exchange of benefits between the two parties involved.

In the ecosystem, there are three groups of living organisms. The first group is responsible for producing food by photosynthesis. The second group requires energy and nutrients obtained from breaking down organic matter produced by the first group. The third group transforms organic matter from dead organisms into inorganic matter. Therefore, the correct answer is "ผู้ผลิต ผู้บริโภค ผู้ย่อยสลาย" which translates to "producers, consumers, decomposers" in English.

The correct answer is ง. ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างสิ่งมีชีวิตต่างๆ ที่อยู่ร่วมกันในแหล่งที่อยู่เดียวกัน. This answer refers to the relationship between different living organisms that coexist in the same habitat. It highlights the interconnectedness and interdependence of living organisms within a specific environment.

The factors that determine the size of a population include birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration. These factors directly affect the number of individuals being added or subtracted from a population. Therefore, option ง, which includes birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration, is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "ค. ปัจจัยทางกายภาพและชีวภาพ" which means "Physical and biological factors". This answer is correct because the question asks for the two main factors that make up the environmental system, and the physical and biological factors are commonly recognized as major components of any ecosystem. These factors include things like climate, landforms, water bodies, and living organisms, all of which play crucial roles in shaping and maintaining the environment.

The correct answer is ง. จำนวนตัวต่อชนิดต่อพื้นที่หรือต่อปริมาตร. This means the density of the population refers to the number of individuals per unit area or volume.

Organisms that are decomposers have the ability to convert organic matter into inorganic matter. This process is known as decomposition. Decomposers play a vital role in breaking down dead plants and animals, as well as other organic materials, and returning nutrients back into the ecosystem. They help to recycle nutrients and maintain the balance of the ecosystem. Therefore, decomposers are the group of organisms that can convert organic matter into inorganic matter, making option ง. ผู้ย่อยสลาย the correct answer.

The correct answer is ค. แบบพึ่งพากัน (mutualistic). This is because the relationship between the bird and the buffalo is mutually beneficial, meaning that both species benefit from their interaction. The bird eats insects and parasites off the buffalo's skin, which helps keep the buffalo clean and free from pests. In return, the buffalo provides a source of food for the bird and protection from predators. This type of relationship is known as mutualism, where both species rely on each other for survival and gain benefits from the interaction.

The correct answer is ง. สิ่งมีชีวิตที่เป็นชนิดเดียวกัน อาศัยอยู่ในที่เดียวกัน ในช่วงเวลาหนึ่ง. This answer accurately describes the concept of "ประชากร" which refers to a group of living organisms of the same species that live in the same place during a specific period of time.

The correct answer is ก. ถูกต้อง เพราะ แสงมีความจำเป็นต่อการดำรงชีวิตของมนุษย์. This is because sunlight is essential for various aspects of human life, such as providing light during the day, supporting plant growth through photosynthesis, and influencing the Earth's climate and weather patterns. Without sunlight, life as we know it would not be possible.

This answer correctly defines the term "ทรัพยากรธรรมชาติสิ้นเปลือง" as natural resources that, once depleted, cannot be reproduced or created again in human lifetime.

The correct answer is "การหายใจ" (breathing) because breathing is the process that produces gas in the body. The other options, such as "การย่อยอาหาร" (digestion), "การสังเคราะห์เคมี" (chemical synthesis), and "การสังเคราะห์ด้วยแสง" (photosynthesis), do not directly involve the production of gas.

Animals obtain nitrogen through the consumption of plants. Plants are able to convert atmospheric nitrogen into organic compounds through a process called nitrogen fixation. When animals consume plants, they obtain these organic compounds, such as proteins, which contain nitrogen. Therefore, animals receive nitrogen by eating plants.

In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is converted into different forms by various processes. One important process is nitrogen fixation, where nitrogen gas is converted into a usable form by certain bacteria. These bacteria, known as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle as they are responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be utilized by plants and other organisms. Without these bacteria, the nitrogen cycle would be incomplete, and the availability of nitrogen for living organisms would be limited. Therefore, the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is essential in the nitrogen cycle.

The resources mentioned in option ก (น้ำมัน, เหล็ก, ทองคำ, วาฬ) are all natural resources that can be replenished or replaced. Oil can be extracted from the ground, iron can be recycled, gold can be mined, and whales can reproduce. Therefore, these resources are considered renewable or sustainable.

The correct answer is carbon dioxide because it is a compound made up of carbon and oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide is a gas that is commonly produced by the combustion of fossil fuels and is a major contributor to climate change. It is also a natural component of the Earth's atmosphere and is essential for photosynthesis in plants.

This statement is incorrect because in an ecosystem, the organisms at the end of the food chain actually receive more energy. This is because energy is lost as it moves up the food chain, so the organisms at the top of the food chain receive less energy compared to those at the bottom. Therefore, the statement that organisms at the end of the food chain receive less energy is incorrect.

The correct answer is "ข. ห่วงโซ่อาหาร" (food chain). This term refers to the pathway through which nutrients and energy are transferred from one living organism to another within a specific ecosystem. It involves the consumption of one organism by another, creating a chain of feeding relationships. Each organism in the chain occupies a specific trophic level, indicating its position in the transfer of energy and nutrients. This concept is essential in understanding the interconnectedness and dynamics of ecosystems.

The tiger will be the third consumer because it eats deer.

The question asks for the living thing that is not the first consumer. In an ecosystem, the first consumer is usually an herbivore that consumes plants. In this case, mushrooms (เห็ด) and deer (กวาง) are both herbivores, so they are considered first consumers. However, wild boars (หมูป่า) are omnivores that consume both plants and animals, so they can be classified as second or higher-level consumers. Therefore, the correct answer is ค. หมูป่า (wild boar).

The correct answer is ข. ผู้บริโภค (consumers). The question states that termites are important for the ecosystem, and they have the role of being _____________. Based on this information, it can be inferred that termites play a vital role in the ecosystem as consumers, as they feed on dead plant material and help in the decomposition process.

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The term "วัฏจักรอาหาร" translates to "food chain" in English. It refers to the transfer of nutrients and energy from one organism to another in a sequence of feeding relationships. This process is essential for the survival and functioning of ecosystems. Each organism in the food chain occupies a specific trophic level, representing its position in the transfer of energy. The correct answer choice, "วัฏจักรอาหาร," accurately describes this concept of the transfer of nutrients and energy within an ecosystem.

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The correct answer is ง. ความเกี่ยวข้องของระดับชีวิต. This is because the food chain is a hierarchical structure that shows the transfer of energy and nutrients from one organism to another in an ecosystem. Each level in the food chain represents a different level of organisms, from producers (plants) to consumers (animals). The interconnectedness of these different levels is essential for the survival and balance of the ecosystem.

The given diagram represents the process of energy transfer.