Remedial Bio Xi - SiSTEM Pencernaan

Kekurangan vitamin B1 dapat menyebabkan penyakit beri-beri. Beri-beri adalah suatu kondisi yang disebabkan oleh defisiensi vitamin B1 dalam tubuh. Gejala beri-beri meliputi kelemahan otot, kelelahan, gangguan sistem saraf, dan masalah pada jantung. Vitamin B1 penting untuk metabolisme karbohidrat dan fungsi saraf, sehingga kekurangan vitamin ini dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada tubuh.

The statement "Sari-sari makanan diserap oleh ileum" is true. The ileum is the final section of the small intestine, and it is responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food. Sari-sari makanan refers to a variety of food, so it is correct to say that it is absorbed by the ileum.

The correct answer is "pemecahan zat makanan sehingga dapat diserap oleh usus." This is because the process of digestion involves breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the intestine. This allows the nutrients to be absorbed and utilized by the body for energy and other functions.

A balanced diet should include carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water. These nutrients are essential for maintaining a healthy body and ensuring proper functioning of various bodily processes. Carbohydrates provide energy, fats are necessary for insulation and energy storage, proteins are building blocks for tissues and organs, vitamins are required for various metabolic processes, minerals are important for maintaining electrolyte balance, fiber aids in digestion, and water is essential for hydration and overall bodily functions. Therefore, the correct answer includes all of these nutrients.

The given statement states that Escherichia coli is a harmful bacterium in the colon. However, this statement is incorrect. Escherichia coli, commonly known as E. coli, is a type of bacteria that naturally resides in the intestines of humans and animals. While certain strains of E. coli can cause illness, most strains are harmless and even beneficial to the digestive system. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

The statement "Hati adalah organ pencernaan makanan" translates to "The liver is a digestive organ." This statement is incorrect. While the liver does play a role in the digestion process by producing bile, it is not primarily responsible for digesting food. The main organs involved in digestion are the stomach and intestines. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Protease is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of proteins into amino acids. It helps in the digestion and absorption of proteins in the body. When proteins are consumed, protease breaks them down into smaller peptides and eventually into individual amino acids, which can be absorbed and utilized by the body for various functions such as building and repairing tissues, producing enzymes and hormones, and supporting immune function. Therefore, the correct answer is that protease converts proteins into amino acids.

Protein harus dicerna menjadi asam amino oleh enzim agar dapat diserap oleh usus. Asam amino merupakan unit pembentuk protein yang dapat diserap oleh tubuh dan digunakan untuk berbagai fungsi, seperti membangun dan memperbaiki jaringan tubuh. Jika protein tidak dicerna menjadi asam amino, maka tubuh tidak dapat menggunakan protein tersebut secara efektif.

The correct answer is "molekul-molekul makanan yang kecil dan dapat diabsorpsi tubuh". This is because the process of digestion breaks down macromolecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. These smaller molecules, such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, are then used by the body for energy, growth, and repair.

Nasi is broken down into maltose through the process of digestion. Maltose is further broken down into glucose, which is a type of sugar that can be used by the body for energy. Therefore, the correct answer is "nasi - maltosa - glukosa - energi".

Gangguan pada bagian lambung disebabkan oleh produksi HCl yang berlebihan. Jika HCl ini terkena gesekan, dapat menyebabkan rasa nyeri pada lambung. Gangguan ini disebut gastritis.

Constipation or sembelit is caused by excessive water absorption in the colon.

The correct answer is "merupakan organ penyerap air". This is because the large intestine, or colon, is responsible for absorbing water from the undigested food material that passes through it. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's hydration levels and preventing dehydration.

The correct answer is "mulut – kerongkongan – lambung – usus halus – usus besar – anus". This is the correct sequence of the digestive system in humans. Food enters the mouth (mulut) where it is chewed and mixed with saliva. It then passes through the esophagus (kerongkongan) into the stomach (lambung), where it is further broken down by stomach acid. From the stomach, it moves into the small intestine (usus halus), where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. The remaining undigested material then enters the large intestine (usus besar), where water is absorbed and waste is formed. Finally, the waste is eliminated through the anus.

The correct answer is usus dua belas jari. The question asks about the channel that connects the gallbladder to the intestine. The gallbladder is responsible for storing and releasing bile, which aids in the digestion of fats. The channel that connects the gallbladder to the intestine is called the bile duct. The bile duct empties into the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine also known as the usus dua belas jari.

Pepsin adalah enzim yang dihasilkan oleh lambung dan berperan dalam pencernaan protein. Enzim ini bekerja dengan memecah protein menjadi molekul yang lebih kecil, yaitu proteosa dan pepton. Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang benar adalah "protein menjadi proteosa dan pepton".

Lemak adalah zat makanan yang pada metabolisme menghasilkan energi tertinggi untuk satuan berat yang sama. Lemak mengandung lebih banyak kalori per gram dibandingkan dengan protein, karbohidrat, serat kasar, dan vitamin. Ketika lemak dicerna dan dipecah dalam tubuh, energi yang dihasilkan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan zat makanan lainnya. Oleh karena itu, lemak merupakan sumber energi yang efisien bagi tubuh.

The abomasum is considered analogous to the human stomach because it secretes enzymes that aid in the digestion of food. It is the fourth compartment of the cow's stomach, following the rumen, reticulum, and omasum. The abomasum is responsible for breaking down proteins and other nutrients through the secretion of gastric juices, similar to the human stomach. Therefore, the abomasum is the correct answer.

Enterokinase adalah enzim yang tidak langsung berfungsi dalam pencernaan makanan. Enzim ini berperan dalam mengaktifkan tripsinogen menjadi tripsin, yang kemudian berperan dalam mencerna protein dalam makanan. Dengan demikian, enterokinase tidak secara langsung mencerna makanan, tetapi berperan dalam mengaktifkan enzim pencernaan lainnya.

Parotitis adalah gangguan sistem pencernaan yang disebabkan oleh infeksi saluran ludah. Infeksi saluran ludah dapat menyebabkan peradangan pada kelenjar parotis, yang merupakan kelenjar ludah terbesar di dalam mulut. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan pembengkakan dan nyeri pada kelenjar tersebut. Oleh karena itu, infeksi saluran ludah adalah penyebab utama terjadinya parotitis.

Karbohidrat dan protein pada berat yang sama menghasilkan energi yang sama. Both carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 calories per gram. Therefore, if the weight of carbohydrates and proteins is the same, they will both provide the same amount of energy.

Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that occur in the digestive tract. These contractions help to propel food through the digestive system. Therefore, it is true that peristaltic movements occur in the intestines when there is food present.

The pancreas does produce protease, which is an enzyme that helps in the digestion of proteins. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

After food is converted into food extract, the nutrients are absorbed by the blood and carried to the hepatic portal vein. However, fatty acids are not present in the hepatic portal vein.

The correct answer is "pengemulsi lemak." Pengemulsi lemak refers to bile, which is produced by the gallbladder and is an important enzyme for digesting fats. Bile acts as an emulsifier, breaking down large fat molecules into smaller droplets, making it easier for enzymes to digest and absorb fats in the small intestine. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of fats in the human body.

The correct answer is 1 dan 4. The question asks for the secretion that contains amylase. Amylase is an enzyme that helps in the digestion of carbohydrates. Saliva, which is secreted by the salivary glands (air liur), contains amylase. The pancreas also secretes a fluid called pancreatic juice (getah pankreas), which contains amylase as well. Therefore, options 1 and 4 are the correct choices as they both include secretions that contain amylase.

The correct answer is usus halus. The small intestine is the organ responsible for the breakdown and absorption of fats. It receives bile from the liver and enzymes from the pancreas to help in the digestion of fats. The inner lining of the small intestine contains tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area for nutrient absorption, including fats.

Asam lemak adalah sari makanan yang penyerapannya dalam usus halus dilakukan oleh pembuluh getah bening.

Based on the laboratory results, it is observed that fat is found in the feces of person A but not in their urine. This suggests that there is a problem with the liver, as the liver is responsible for the production and secretion of bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. The other organs listed, such as the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and stomach, do not play a direct role in the production or secretion of bile. Therefore, the most likely organ that is experiencing damage is the liver (hepar).

Steapsin adalah enzim yang disekresikan oleh pankreas dan berfungsi untuk menghidrolisis emulsi lemak menjadi asam lemak dan gliserol. Enzim ini membantu dalam proses pencernaan lemak di dalam usus halus. Ketika lemak masuk ke dalam usus halus, steapsin bekerja dengan menguraikan lemak menjadi asam lemak dan gliserol, sehingga dapat diserap oleh tubuh. Proses ini penting untuk penyerapan nutrisi lemak yang diperlukan oleh tubuh.