Genomes, Transcriptomes And Proteomes! Trivia Questions Quiz

The entire genetic complement of a living organism is called _________

The collection of functioning proteins synthesized by a living cell is called _______

The series of events by which the biological information carried by a genome is released and made available to the cell is called _______________

The synthesis of an RNA copy of a gene is called __________

The transcriptome is constructed by the process called _____________, in which individual genes are copied into RNA molecules

Construction of the proteome involves _____________  of these RNA molecules into protein.

In genome expression, this step involves various processes that influence chromatin structure and nucleosome positioning in the parts of the genome that contain active genes, ensuring that these genes are accessible and are not buried deep within highly packaged parts of the chromosomes

• A.

  Accessing the genome

• B.

  Assembly of the transcription initiation complex

• C.

  Synthesis of RNA

• D.

  Processing of RNA

• E.

  RNA degradation

In genome expression, this step involves a series of alterations that are made to the sequence of the RNA molecule and to its chemical structure, and which must occur before the RNA molecules can be translated into protein or, in the case of non-coding RNA, before they can carry out their other functions in the cell.

• A.

  Accessing the genome

• B.

  Assembly of the transcription initiation complex

• C.

  Synthesis of RNA

• D.

  Processing of RNA

• E.

  RNA degradation

In genome expression, this step occurs near the 5′ termini of coding RNA molecules and is a prerequisite for translation of these molecules.

• A.

  Accessing the genome

• B.

  Assembly of the translation initiation complex

• C.

  Synthesis of RNA

• D.

  Processing of RNA

• E.

  RNA degradation

The coding RNA comprises the transcriptome and is made up of molecule __________, which are transcripts of protein-coding genes and hence are translated into protein in the latter stages of genome expression

The most abundant RNAs in the cell, making up over 80% of the total in actively dividing bacteria are ______________

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are small molecules that are also involved in protein synthesis, carrying amino acids to the ribosome and ensuring that these are linked together in the order specified by the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA that is being translated.

• A.

  TRUE

• B.

  FALSE

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA; also called U-RNA because these molecules are rich in uridine nucleotides), which is involved in mRNA processing.

• A.

  TRUE

• B.

  FALSE

Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), which plays a central role in the processing of rRNA molecules.

• A.

  TRUE

• B.

  FALSE

Small cytoplasmic RNA (scRNA), a diverse group including molecules with a range of functions, some understood and others still mysterious.

• A.

  TRUE

• B.

  FALSE

In bacteria they include one interesting RNA type, apparently present in most if not all species, called____________

The enzymes responsible for transcription of DNA into RNA are called ________________

The initiation complexes are constructed at the appropriate positions, and not at random points within the genome, because their target sites are marked by specific nucleotide sequences called ________

The primary transcript of a protein-coding gene

• A.

  Pre-mRNA

• B.

  Prepriming complex

• C.

  Pre-RNA

• D.

  Pre-rRNA

• E.

  Pre-spliceosome complex

Many RNAs, especially in eukaryotes, are initially synthesized as  _________ which has to be processed before it can carry out its function.

End-modifications occur during the synthesis of eukaryotic and archaeal mRNAs, most of which have a single, unusual nucleotide called a cap attached at the 5′ end and a poly(A) tail attached to the 3′ end.

• A.

  TRUE

• B.

  FALSE

The removal of introns from a precursor RNA is _____________.

Unspliced pre-mRNA forms the nuclear RNA fraction called heterogenous nuclear RNA (hnRNA).

• A.

  TRUE

• B.

  FALSE

Cutting events are particularly important in the processing of rRNA and tRNA, many of which are initially synthesized from transcription units that specify more than one molecule.

• A.

  TRUE

• B.

  FALSE

The pre-rRNAs and pre-tRNAs must therefore be cut into pieces to produce the mature RNAs. This type of processing occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

• A.

  TRUE

• B.

  FALSE

The rRNAs and tRNAs of all organisms are modified by addition of new chemical groups, these groups being added to specific nucleotides within each RNA.

• A.

  TRUE

• B.

  FALSE

Chemical modification of mRNA, called RNA editing

• A.

  TRUE

• B.

  FALSE

In cells, proteins called _________ aid the folding of other proteins, probably by reducing the likelihood that the protein being folded adopts the wrong intermediate structure.

DNA-dependent RNA polymerases are involved in replication and expression of some virus genomes.

• A.

  TRUE

• B.

  FALSE

A collection of RNA molecules derived from those protein-coding genes whose biological information is required by the cell at a particular time.

• A.

  Transcriptome

• B.

  Proteiome

• C.

  Genome

• D.

  Chromosome