Quiz 3: Shoulder Complex
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The shoulder complex is an intricately designed combination of three joints that link the upper extremity to the thorax – it is composed of the clavicle, scapula and humerus. What can you tell us about the complex?
- 1.
To test the middle deltoid against gravity for a muscle grade of 4 or 5 for Anterior Deltoid (shoulder flexion) or Middle Deltoid (shoulder abduction) you need to position shoulder at:
- A.
90 degrees of shoulder humeral flexion or shoulder humeral abduction
- B.
180 degrees of shoulder humeral flexion or shoulder humeral abduction
- C.
45 degrees of shoulder humeral flexion or shoulder humeral abduction
- D.
120 degrees of shoulder humeral flexion or shoulder humeral abduction
Correct Answer
A. 90 degrees of shoulder humeral flexion or shoulder humeral abductionExplanation
To test the middle deltoid against gravity for a muscle grade of 4 or 5, the shoulder needs to be positioned at 90 degrees of shoulder humeral flexion or shoulder humeral abduction. This position allows for optimal activation and resistance against gravity for the middle deltoid muscle. Any other position, such as 180 degrees, 45 degrees, or 120 degrees, would not provide the same level of challenge and activation for the middle deltoid.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is shoulder sublaxation?
- A.
Shoulder sublaxation is complete separation of the GH joint where the head of the humerus is torn from the glenoid fossa
- B.
Shoulder sublaxation is incomplete or partial separation of the GH joint where the head of the humerus has partially slipped out of the glenoid fossa without tearing or rupturing of soft tissue structures
- C.
Shoulder sublaxation occurs when the AC joint is dislocated.
- D.
Shoulder sublaxation occurs when the SC joint is dislocated and/or the clavicle is fractured
Correct Answer
B. Shoulder sublaxation is incomplete or partial separation of the GH joint where the head of the humerus has partially slipped out of the glenoid fossa without tearing or rupturing of soft tissue structuresExplanation
Shoulder sublaxation refers to an incomplete or partial separation of the GH joint, specifically when the head of the humerus has partially slipped out of the glenoid fossa. Unlike a complete separation, this type of sublaxation does not involve tearing or rupturing of the soft tissue structures.Rate this question:
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- 3.
All of the following muuscles are involved in the motion of shoulder (humeral) flexion, except:
- A.
Anterior Deltoid
- B.
Middle Traps
- C.
Upper Traps
- D.
Coracobrachialis and Subscapularis (assister)
- E.
Biceps Brachii (assist)
Correct Answer
B. Middle TrapsExplanation
The middle traps are not involved in the motion of shoulder flexion. The anterior deltoid, upper traps, coracobrachialis, subscapularis, and biceps brachii all contribute to shoulder flexion, but the middle traps primarily function to retract and stabilize the scapula.Rate this question:
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- 4.
For shoulder abduction or flexion from 90-110 degrees, which joint components of the shoulder girdle combine to allow for this part of ROM?
- A.
GH and AC joints
- B.
AC and SC joints
- C.
GH and SC
- D.
AC, SC, and ST
Correct Answer
A. GH and AC jointsExplanation
The correct answer is GH and AC joints. The glenohumeral (GH) joint, also known as the shoulder joint, is a ball-and-socket joint that allows for a wide range of motion in the shoulder. The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is the joint between the acromion process of the scapula and the clavicle. These two joints work together to allow for shoulder abduction or flexion in the range of 90-110 degrees. The GH joint provides the majority of the movement, while the AC joint provides stability and helps to control the movement of the scapula.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Scapulohumeral Rhythm is:
- A.
Coordinated movement of the GH & SC joints where 5 degrees of GH motion follows 2 degrees of SC motion. GH motion occurs with the first 90 degrees of shoulder flex/ext. and abd/add.
- B.
Coordinated movement of the AC & SC joints where 2 degrees of AC motion follows 4 degrees of SC motion throughout ROM
- C.
Coordinated movement of the GH & SC & AC joints that generally occurs in a 2:1 ratio of GH motion to SC & AC joint motion. GH motion occurs at the beginning and end of the shoulder flex/ext & abd/add. Scapular movement occurs between 80 to 140 degrees of flex/abd.
- D.
Coordinated movement of the scapulothoracic motion and AC & SC joints that occurs in a 2:1 ratio. Scapulothoracic motion occurs within 40 to 120 degrees of shoulder flex/ext & abd/add.
Correct Answer
C. Coordinated movement of the GH & SC & AC joints that generally occurs in a 2:1 ratio of GH motion to SC & AC joint motion. GH motion occurs at the beginning and end of the shoulder flex/ext & abd/add. Scapular movement occurs between 80 to 140 degrees of flex/abd. -
- 6.
All of the following muscles are involved in the motion of shoulder girdle depression, except:
- A.
Pectoralis Major
- B.
Lower Traps
- C.
Middle Deltoid
- D.
Serratus Anterior
Correct Answer
C. Middle DeltoidExplanation
The middle deltoid muscle is not involved in the motion of shoulder girdle depression. Shoulder girdle depression refers to the downward movement of the shoulder blades. The pectoralis major, lower traps, and serratus anterior muscles are all involved in this motion. However, the middle deltoid muscle is primarily responsible for shoulder abduction, not depression.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which componennt of the shoulder girdle is most likely to undergo degenerative changes over time?
- A.
SC joint
- B.
AC joint
- C.
ST joint
- D.
GH joint
Correct Answer
D. GH jointExplanation
The GH joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is the most likely component of the shoulder girdle to undergo degenerative changes over time. This joint is a ball-and-socket joint that allows for a wide range of motion in the shoulder. Due to its complex structure and constant use, it is susceptible to wear and tear, leading to degenerative changes such as osteoarthritis. Over time, the cartilage in the GH joint may wear down, causing pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following activities requires full shoulder external rotation?
- A.
Tying a tie
- B.
Brushing your teeth
- C.
Buttoning a polo shirt
- D.
Brushing/combing your hair on the back of your head
Correct Answer
D. Brushing/combing your hair on the back of your headExplanation
Brushing/combing your hair on the back of your head requires full shoulder external rotation because this movement involves reaching behind the head and extending the arm to comb or brush the hair at the back. This action requires the shoulder joint to rotate externally to allow the arm to move in that direction. Tying a tie, brushing your teeth, and buttoning a polo shirt do not require the same range of motion in the shoulder as brushing/combing the hair on the back of the head.Rate this question:
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- 9.
"Winging" of the scapula occurs with weakness in one of these muslces
- A.
Levator Scapulae
- B.
Serratus Anterior
- C.
Rhomboids
- D.
Subscapularis
Correct Answer
B. Serratus AnteriorExplanation
The correct answer is Serratus Anterior. Winging of the scapula refers to the abnormal protrusion or prominence of the scapula bone on the back. This condition occurs when there is weakness or paralysis in the Serratus Anterior muscle, which is responsible for stabilizing the scapula against the rib cage. When the Serratus Anterior muscle is weak or dysfunctional, it cannot properly hold the scapula in place, causing it to wing outwards. Therefore, weakness in the Serratus Anterior muscle is the cause of scapular winging.Rate this question:
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- 10.
All of the following muscles are involved in the motion of shoulder (humeral) horizontal abduction except?
- A.
Serratus Anterior
- B.
Posterior Deltoid
- C.
Middle Traps
Correct Answer
A. Serratus AnteriorExplanation
The serratus anterior muscle is not involved in the motion of shoulder horizontal abduction. The serratus anterior muscle is responsible for protraction of the scapula and is involved in movements such as pushing and punching. In contrast, the posterior deltoid and middle traps are both involved in shoulder horizontal abduction. The posterior deltoid assists in shoulder horizontal abduction along with other muscles, while the middle traps help to stabilize the scapula during this motion.Rate this question:
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- 11.
All of the following muscles are invloved in the motion of shoulder girdle elevaton, except?
- A.
Serratus Anterior
- B.
Upper & Middle Traps
- C.
Levator Scapulae
- D.
Rhomboid Major & MInor
Correct Answer
A. Serratus AnteriorExplanation
The serratus anterior muscle is not involved in the motion of shoulder girdle elevation. The other three muscles listed (upper & middle traps, levator scapulae, and rhomboid major & minor) are all involved in this motion. The serratus anterior muscle is primarily responsible for protracting the scapula and assisting in scapular upward rotation, but it does not directly contribute to shoulder girdle elevation.Rate this question:
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- 12.
All of the following muscles are invloved in the motion of shoulder (humeral) external rotation, except?
- A.
Infraspinatus & Teres Minor
- B.
Posterior Deltoid (assister)
- C.
Anterior Deltoid
- D.
Supraspinatus (assister)
Correct Answer
B. Posterior Deltoid (assister)Explanation
The question asks for the muscle that is not involved in the motion of shoulder external rotation. The infraspinatus and teres minor muscles are both involved in shoulder external rotation. The supraspinatus muscle also assists in this motion. However, the posterior deltoid muscle is not involved in shoulder external rotation, as its primary function is shoulder extension and horizontal abduction. Therefore, the correct answer is the posterior deltoid.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which one of the following activities would require the action of shoulder depression?
- A.
Reaching an object on top of the refrigerator
- B.
Pushing down on arm rests of a chair in order to stand up
- C.
Lifting a cup to take a drink
- D.
Putting a hat on top of your head
Correct Answer
B. Pushing down on arm rests of a chair in order to stand upExplanation
Shoulder depression refers to the action of lowering or depressing the shoulders. Pushing down on arm rests of a chair in order to stand up requires the action of shoulder depression because it involves lowering the shoulders in order to generate the necessary force to push down on the arm rests and lift the body up from a seated position.Rate this question:
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- 14.
For shoulder abduction or flexion from 0-90 degrees, which joint components of the shoulder girdle combine to allow for this part of ROM?
- A.
GH and AC joints
- B.
AC and SC joints
- C.
GH and SC
- D.
AC, SC, and ST
Correct Answer
C. GH and SCExplanation
The shoulder girdle is made up of three joints: the glenohumeral (GH) joint, the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, and the sternoclavicular (SC) joint. In order to perform shoulder abduction or flexion from 0-90 degrees, the GH joint and the SC joint combine to allow for this range of motion. The GH joint is responsible for the movement of the humerus, while the SC joint allows for the movement of the clavicle. The AC joint, on the other hand, is not directly involved in this specific range of motion.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is the closed packed postion for the GH joint and what is the joint end feel for this position?
- A.
Closed packed position is maximal internal rotation and adduction; end feel is soft
- B.
Closed packed position is maximal shoulder extension; End feel is firm
- C.
Closed packed position is maximal shoulder abduction and external rotation; End feel is firm
- D.
Closed packed position is maximal horizontal adduction and internal rotation; end feel is soft
Correct Answer
C. Closed packed position is maximal shoulder abduction and external rotation; End feel is firmExplanation
The closed packed position for the GH joint is when the shoulder is maximally abducted and externally rotated. This means that the arm is lifted away from the body and rotated outwards. The joint end feel for this position is firm, indicating that there is limited range of motion and resistance when trying to move the joint further.Rate this question:
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- 16.
All of the following muscles account for dynamic stabilization of the GH joint when the arm is in a dependent position (hanging next to the trunk), except?
- A.
Rotator Cuff Muscles
- B.
Upper Trapezius
- C.
Pectoralis Major
- D.
Long Head of Biceps
Correct Answer
C. Pectoralis MajorExplanation
The pectoralis major muscle is not involved in the dynamic stabilization of the GH joint when the arm is in a dependent position. The rotator cuff muscles (which include the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) work together to stabilize the joint and prevent dislocation. The upper trapezius muscle helps to elevate and stabilize the shoulder girdle. The long head of the biceps muscle also contributes to stabilizing the GH joint by providing dynamic stability during movement.Rate this question:
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- 17.
All of the following muscles are involved in the motion of shoulder (humeral) adduction except:
- A.
Anterior Deltoid
- B.
Pectoralis Major
- C.
Latissimus Dorsi
- D.
Teres Major & Subscapularis
Correct Answer
A. Anterior DeltoidExplanation
The anterior deltoid muscle is not involved in the motion of shoulder adduction. Shoulder adduction refers to the movement of bringing the arm towards the midline of the body. The muscles that are involved in this motion are the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and subscapularis. The anterior deltoid muscle is responsible for shoulder flexion and medial rotation, not adduction.Rate this question:
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- 18.
If the GH joint were immobilized by osteoarthritis (frozen shoulder) and only 20 degrees is available at the GH joint, what range of shoulder flexion and abduction would be available to the upper extermity?
- A.
Only 20 degrees of shoulder flexion and abduction would be available because no motion is available at AC & SC joints
- B.
20 degrees of GH motion, plus 30 degrees from SC joint (movement from AC joint unavailable) = approx. 50 degrees available for flex/abd
- C.
20 degrees of GH motion, plus 30 degrees from AC joint (movement from SC joint unavailable) = approx. 50 degrees available for flex/abd
- D.
20 degrees of GH motion, 120 degrees from ST motion = approx. 140 degrees available for shoulder flex/abd
Correct Answer
B. 20 degrees of GH motion, plus 30 degrees from SC joint (movement from AC joint unavailable) = approx. 50 degrees available for flex/abdExplanation
If the GH joint is immobilized by osteoarthritis, only 20 degrees of motion would be available at the joint. Additionally, the movement from the AC joint is unavailable. However, there is still 30 degrees of motion available from the SC joint. Therefore, the total range of shoulder flexion and abduction would be approximately 50 degrees.Rate this question:
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- 19.
A substitution or trick movement for scapular elevation can be which one of the following motions?
- A.
Shoulder protraction
- B.
Lateral trunk extension toward weak side
- C.
Trunk Flexion
- D.
Bringing head down to shoulder by tipping head to side
Correct Answer
D. Bringing head down to shoulder by tipping head to sideExplanation
Bringing the head down to the shoulder by tipping the head to the side is a motion that can substitute or trick the movement of scapular elevation. This motion involves tilting the head to the side and bringing it down towards the shoulder, which can create the illusion of scapular elevation without actually performing the correct movement. This substitution or trick movement can be used to deceive or confuse observers or opponents in certain situations.Rate this question:
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- 20.
If the clavicle were unable to rotate on its axis because of injury at the SC joint, what functional movement issues would be seen at the shoulder girdle complex?
- A.
No movement issues would be seen at the shoulder girdle complex
- B.
Movement of the shoulder would be limited to 30 degrees of shoulder flex/abd
- C.
Only approximately 90 to 110 degrees of shoulder flex/abd would be possible
- D.
Movement of the shoulder would be limited to internal rotation
Correct Answer
C. Only approximately 90 to 110 degrees of shoulder flex/abd would be possibleExplanation
If the clavicle were unable to rotate on its axis due to injury at the SC joint, it would limit the range of motion in shoulder flexion and abduction. The clavicle plays a crucial role in allowing the scapula to move freely, and without its ability to rotate, the shoulder girdle complex would be restricted in its movement. This would result in a limited range of approximately 90 to 110 degrees for shoulder flexion and abduction, causing functional movement issues in the shoulder girdle complex.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A substitution or trick movement for shoulder abduction to 90 degrees can be any of the following motions except:
- A.
Shoulder Shrug
- B.
Scapular Extension
- C.
Contralateral or Ispilateral trunk side flexion
- D.
Bringing head down to shoulder by tipping head to side
Correct Answer
D. Bringing head down to shoulder by tipping head to sideExplanation
The given answer is correct because bringing the head down to the shoulder by tipping the head to the side is not a substitution or trick movement for shoulder abduction to 90 degrees. The other options listed, such as shoulder shrug, scapular extension, and contralateral or ipsilateral trunk side flexion, can all be used as alternative movements to achieve shoulder abduction to 90 degrees.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What happens if you excessively load the hanging (dependent) limb, especially is situations where muscle function has been impacted by stroke, or other brain injury?
- A.
Shoulder sublaxation would occur
- B.
Shoulder disclocation would occur
- C.
Frozen shoulder would occur
- D.
Shoulder bursitis
Correct Answer
A. Shoulder sublaxation would occurExplanation
Excessive loading of the hanging limb, especially in situations where muscle function has been impacted by stroke or other brain injury, can lead to shoulder subluxation. This occurs when the head of the humerus partially comes out of the shoulder joint. The weakened muscles are unable to adequately support the weight of the limb, causing the shoulder joint to become unstable and resulting in subluxation.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following activities requires full shoulder internal rotation?
- A.
Tying a tie
- B.
Brushing your teeth
- C.
Buttoning a polo shirt
- D.
Brushing/combing your hair on the back of your head
Correct Answer
D. Brushing/combing your hair on the back of your headExplanation
Full shoulder internal rotation is needed to reach behind the head to brush or comb hair. This motion involves rotating the shoulder joint inward, allowing the hand to reach the back of the head to perform the task. The other activities mentioned (tying a tie, brushing your teeth, buttoning a polo shirt) primarily involve shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, and/or external rotation, but not necessarily full internal rotation.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following activities requires full shoulder flexion/adduction?
- A.
Tying a tie
- B.
Brushing your teeth
- C.
Buttoning a polo shirt
- D.
Brushing/combing your hair on the back of your head
Correct Answer
B. Brushing your teethExplanation
Brushing your teeth requires full shoulder flexion/adduction because it involves reaching the toothbrush to the back of the mouth. This movement requires raising the arm in front of the body and bringing it closer to the midline, which is achieved through shoulder flexion/adduction. Tying a tie, buttoning a polo shirt, and brushing/combing the hair on the back of the head do not require the same level of shoulder movement as brushing teeth.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which one of the following activities would require the action of shoulder elevation?
- A.
Reaching an object on top of the refrigerator
- B.
Pushing down on arm rests of a chair in order to stand up
- C.
Lifting a cup to take a drink
- D.
Putting a hat on top of your head
Correct Answer
C. Lifting a cup to take a drinkExplanation
Lifting a cup to take a drink requires the action of shoulder elevation. When lifting a cup, the arm needs to be raised towards the mouth, and this movement involves the elevation of the shoulder joint.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which one of the following activities would require the action of upward rotation?
- A.
Reaching an object on top of the refrigerator
- B.
Pushing down on arm rests of a chair in order to stand up
- C.
Lifting a cup to take a drink
- D.
Putting a hat on top of your head
Correct Answer
A. Reaching an object on top of the refrigeratorExplanation
Upward rotation refers to the movement of the scapula (shoulder blade) upward and away from the spine. This action is required when reaching for an object on top of the refrigerator, as it involves lifting the arm overhead and extending it upwards. Pushing down on arm rests, lifting a cup, and putting a hat on top of your head do not involve upward rotation of the scapula.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which one of the following activities would require the action of shoulder protraction?
- A.
Reaching an object on top of the refrigerator
- B.
Pushing down on arm rests of a chair in order to stand up
- C.
Lifting a cup to take a drink
- D.
Reaching forward to grab the book in front of you
Correct Answer
D. Reaching forward to grab the book in front of youExplanation
Shoulder protraction is the movement of the shoulder blades away from the spine, towards the front of the body. This movement is required when reaching forward to grab an object in front of you, as it helps to extend the reach and bring the object closer to the body. In the other activities mentioned, different movements such as shoulder elevation or depression, or shoulder flexion, are required.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which one of the following activities would require the action of sholder retraction?
- A.
Reaching an object on top of the refrigerator
- B.
Pushing down on arm rests of a chair in order to stand up
- C.
Lifting a cup to take a drink
- D.
Scratching your back
Correct Answer
D. Scratching your backExplanation
Shoulder retraction refers to the movement of pulling the shoulder blades back towards the spine. This action is necessary when scratching your back, as it requires reaching behind the body and extending the arm to reach the itchy area. Reaching an object on top of the refrigerator, pushing down on arm rests, and lifting a cup to take a drink do not specifically involve shoulder retraction.Rate this question:
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Feb 15, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Apr 04, 2012Quiz Created by
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