PTCB Practice Exam Quiz #2
Practice?'s
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Metformin is used to treat...
- A.
High cholesterol
- B.
Hypertension
- C.
Diabetes
- D.
Depression
Correct Answer
C. DiabetesExplanation
Metformin is used to treat diabetes. It is an oral medication that helps to control blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. It works by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and improving the body's response to insulin. Metformin is not used to treat high cholesterol, hypertension, or depression. It is specifically prescribed for managing diabetes and is often used alongside lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise to help control blood sugar levels.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The generic for Vicoin is...
- A.
Hydrocodone
- B.
Hydrocodone/APAP
- C.
Oxycodone
- D.
Oxycodone/APAP
Correct Answer
B. Hydrocodone/APAPExplanation
The generic for Vicoin is hydrocodone/APAP because Vicoin is a combination medication that contains hydrocodone, an opioid pain reliever, and APAP (acetaminophen), a non-opioid pain reliever. Therefore, hydrocodone/APAP is the correct generic name for Vicoin.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is the generic of Glucotrol?
- A.
Glimepirie
- B.
Glipizide
- C.
Glyburide
- D.
Metformin
Correct Answer
B. GlipizideExplanation
The generic of Glucotrol is glipizide. Glucotrol is a brand name for the medication glipizide, which is used to treat type 2 diabetes by helping to control blood sugar levels. Glipizide belongs to a class of drugs called sulfonylureas, which stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin and help the body use insulin more effectively. Therefore, glipizide is the correct answer as it is the specific generic name for Glucotrol.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is the generic of Amaryl?
- A.
Glimepirie
- B.
Glipizide
- C.
Glyburide
- D.
Metformin
Correct Answer
A. GlimepirieExplanation
Glimepiride is the generic name for Amaryl, which is an oral medication used to control blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. It belongs to a class of drugs called sulfonylureas, which stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin and help the body use insulin more effectively. Glimepiride works by lowering blood sugar levels by increasing the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is important to note that glimepiride should be used in combination with a healthy diet and regular exercise to effectively manage diabetes.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Topamax (topiramate) is used to treat...
- A.
Anxiety
- B.
Depression
- C.
Hypertension
- D.
Seizures
Correct Answer
D. SeizuresExplanation
Topamax (topiramate) is a medication commonly used to treat seizures. It belongs to a class of drugs called anticonvulsants, which work by reducing abnormal electrical activity in the brain that can lead to seizures. Topamax is effective in preventing and controlling seizures in patients with epilepsy and other seizure disorders. It is not used to treat anxiety, depression, or hypertension.Rate this question:
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- 6.
______ is the generic for Vibramycin and it is used to treat _________.
- A.
Metformin/diabetes
- B.
Doxycycline/infection
- C.
Metoclopramide/diabetes
- D.
Moxifloxicin/infection
Correct Answer
B. Doxycycline/infectionExplanation
Doxycycline is the generic name for Vibramycin, which is a medication used to treat infections. It belongs to the class of antibiotics known as tetracyclines and is effective against a wide range of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and sexually transmitted infections. It works by inhibiting the growth and spread of bacteria in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is doxycycline/infection.Rate this question:
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- 7.
"Statins" are used for patients with which of the following?
- A.
High cholesterol
- B.
Hypertension
- C.
Insomnia
- D.
Infection
Correct Answer
A. High cholesterolExplanation
Statins are a class of medications that are primarily used to lower high cholesterol levels in patients. They work by inhibiting an enzyme involved in cholesterol production, thereby reducing the amount of cholesterol in the bloodstream. Statins are commonly prescribed to individuals with high cholesterol levels as a way to manage and reduce their risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Omeprazole, lansoprazole, and Nexium are all used to treat what condition?
- A.
Seizures
- B.
Diabetes
- C.
Allergies
- D.
GERD
Correct Answer
D. GERDExplanation
Omeprazole, lansoprazole, and Nexium are all proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) commonly used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. PPIs work by reducing the production of stomach acid, providing relief from GERD symptoms and promoting healing of the esophagus. Therefore, the correct answer is GERD.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What was the amendment that required the labeling "Caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription"?
- A.
Durham-Humphrey Amendment
- B.
Kefauver-Harris Amendment
- C.
OBRA '90
- D.
None
Correct Answer
A. Durham-Humphrey AmendmentExplanation
The Durham-Humphrey Amendment is the correct answer because it required the labeling "Caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription." This amendment, passed in 1951, amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and established two categories of drugs: prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs. It allowed for certain drugs to be dispensed only with a prescription, and required them to be labeled accordingly to ensure that they were not dispensed without medical supervision.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is not required on a prescription label?
- A.
Name, address, and phone number of pharmacy
- B.
Name, address, and phone number of prescriber
- C.
Date prescription filled
- D.
Auxiliary labels
Correct Answer
B. Name, address, and phone number of prescriberExplanation
The name, address, and phone number of the prescriber are not required on a prescription label. The prescription label typically includes the name, address, and phone number of the pharmacy where the prescription was filled, as well as the date it was filled. The prescriber's information is typically included in the patient's medical records and not on the label itself.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The differences between intravenous therapy and chemotherapy parenteral preparation include all of the following except _____
- A.
The type of flow hood used
- B.
Hand placement
- C.
Size of hood
- D.
Aseptic technique
Correct Answer
C. Size of hoodExplanation
The given answer, "size of hood," is the correct answer because the differences between intravenous therapy and chemotherapy parenteral preparation include the type of flow hood used, hand placement, and aseptic technique. However, the size of the hood is not a factor that distinguishes between these two types of preparations.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The best description of the guidelines for assigning an expiration date of a repackaged drug is ______?
- A.
Half of the manufacturers expiration date
- B.
Less than the manufacturers date
- C.
One fourth of the manufacturers expiration date or 6 months, whichever is less
- D.
One sixth of the manufacturers expiration date or 6 months, whichever is less
Correct Answer
C. One fourth of the manufacturers expiration date or 6 months, whichever is lessExplanation
The best description of the guidelines for assigning an expiration date of a repackaged drug is to use one fourth of the manufacturer's expiration date or 6 months, whichever is less. This means that if the manufacturer's expiration date is less than 24 months, the repackaged drug should have an expiration date that is one fourth of the manufacturer's expiration date. However, if the manufacturer's expiration date is more than 24 months, the repackaged drug should have an expiration date of 6 months.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The meniscus is best described as _________.
- A.
A beaker filled with a small amount of water
- B.
Water molecules attaching to the sides of a container
- C.
A container used to measure very small amounts of water
- D.
The lowest level of liquid, which is the point that should be used to measure
Correct Answer
D. The lowest level of liquid, which is the point that should be used to measureExplanation
The meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid in a container, caused by the adhesive forces between the liquid molecules and the container. It is typically concave, meaning it dips down in the center, and it is the lowest level of the liquid. When measuring the volume of a liquid, it is important to use the meniscus as the reference point because it provides a more accurate measurement.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Emulsification is a process that binds ________ additives into solutes.
- A.
Alcohol
- B.
Hydrophiloic
- C.
Hydophobic
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. HydophobicExplanation
Emulsification is a process that binds hydrophobic additives into solutes. Hydrophobic substances are not soluble in water, so emulsification is necessary to disperse them evenly in a liquid solution. Alcohol is not necessarily hydrophobic, and hydrophilic substances are already soluble in water, so they do not require emulsification. Therefore, the correct answer is hydrophobic.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following sizes of syringes is not commonly used in an intravenous room?
- A.
3 mL
- B.
4 mL
- C.
5 mL
- D.
10 mL
Correct Answer
B. 4 mLExplanation
The size of syringe that is not commonly used in an intravenous room is 4 mL. This can be inferred from the fact that the other options (3 mL, 5 mL, and 10 mL) are commonly used in an intravenous room, while 4 mL is not mentioned as a commonly used size.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What is the longest amount of time an IV should hang for?
- A.
12 hours
- B.
24 hours
- C.
48 hours
- D.
Depends on what is in it
Correct Answer
B. 24 hoursExplanation
An IV should hang for a maximum of 24 hours because after that period, the risk of bacterial growth and contamination increases significantly. The longer an IV hangs, the higher the chance of introducing harmful bacteria into the bloodstream, which can lead to infections and other complications. Therefore, it is crucial to change the IV bag and tubing every 24 hours to ensure patient safety and prevent potential infections.Rate this question:
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- 17.
A prescription can be written by _____________.
- A.
A psychiatrist
- B.
A psychologist
- C.
A family counselor
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. A psychiatristExplanation
A prescription can be written by a psychiatrist because they are medical doctors who specialize in mental health. They have the authority to diagnose and treat mental illnesses, and prescribing medication is one of the treatment options they can provide to their patients. Psychologists and family counselors, on the other hand, do not have medical degrees and cannot prescribe medication. They focus more on therapy and counseling rather than medication management. Therefore, the correct answer is a psychiatrist.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The antideprssant class that has the mildest side effects and is used for depression is ___________.
- A.
SSRIs
- B.
MAOIs
- C.
TCAs
- D.
Benzodiazepines
Correct Answer
A. SSRIsExplanation
SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are a class of antidepressant medications that are commonly used to treat depression. They are known to have milder side effects compared to other classes of antidepressants such as MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) and TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants). SSRIs work by increasing the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood regulation, in the brain. This class of medication is generally well-tolerated and has a lower risk of serious side effects, making it a preferred choice for treating depression. Benzodiazepines, on the other hand, are not typically used for depression but rather for anxiety disorders.Rate this question:
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- 19.
SSRIs inhibit teh reuptake inhibitors within the neuronal transmission, which increases the levels of __________.
- A.
Norepinephrine
- B.
Serotonin
- C.
Epinephrine
- D.
Dopamine
Correct Answer
B. SerotoninExplanation
SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, work by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin within the neuronal transmission. This means that they prevent the serotonin from being taken back up into the nerve cells, allowing it to accumulate in the synaptic cleft and increase the levels of serotonin. Therefore, the correct answer is serotonin.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following medications used for Parkinson's disease can pass the blood-brain barrier?
- A.
Dopamine
- B.
Carbidopa
- C.
Levadopa
- D.
Both a and b
Correct Answer
C. LevadopaExplanation
Levodopa is the correct answer because it is a medication used to treat Parkinson's disease that can pass the blood-brain barrier. This is important because the blood-brain barrier is a protective barrier that prevents many substances, including medications, from entering the brain. Levodopa is able to cross this barrier and reach the brain where it can be converted into dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is deficient in Parkinson's disease. This helps to alleviate the symptoms of the condition. Dopamine, on the other hand, cannot pass the blood-brain barrier, and carbidopa is often used in combination with levodopa to enhance its effectiveness.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Loop diuretics and thiazides ____________.
- A.
Have a slow mechanism of action
- B.
Cause a loss of potassium
- C.
Cause a loss of sodium
- D.
Must be taken with a potassium-sparing agent
Correct Answer
B. Cause a loss of potassiumExplanation
Loop diuretics and thiazides are both types of diuretic medications that work by increasing urine production. One of the side effects of these medications is the loss of potassium from the body. This happens because as more urine is produced, more potassium is excreted along with it. Therefore, loop diuretics and thiazides can cause a loss of potassium. It is important for patients taking these medications to monitor their potassium levels and, in some cases, take a potassium-sparing agent to prevent potassium depletion.Rate this question:
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- 22.
ACE inhibitors is an abbreviation for:
- A.
Activating coronary electrical site inhibitors
- B.
Altering and converting enzyme inhibitors
- C.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- D.
Anginal converting enzyme inhibitors
Correct Answer
C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorsExplanation
ACE inhibitors are a class of medications that are commonly used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure, heart failure, and kidney disease. The correct answer, "Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors," accurately describes the mechanism of action of these medications. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the enzyme responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict and promotes the release of aldosterone, a hormone that increases salt and water retention. By inhibiting this enzyme, ACE inhibitors help to relax blood vessels, reduce blood pressure, and decrease the workload on the heart.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which instruction is NOT patient information necessary about taking oral nitroglycerin medications?
- A.
Take with food
- B.
Keep medication within the original container
- C.
Take as needed for chest pain; maximum 3 times in 15 minutes; if no relief then call 911
- D.
Keep medication out of direct sunlight
Correct Answer
A. Take with foodExplanation
Taking oral nitroglycerin medications with food is not necessary patient information. Nitroglycerin is commonly taken sublingually (under the tongue) for immediate relief of chest pain, and taking it with food may delay its absorption and effectiveness. Therefore, it is important to take nitroglycerin on an empty stomach for faster action.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Mar 17, 2010Quiz Created by
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