Pancreas And Endocrine System
- 1.
The Pituitary Gland
- A.
Has the central role of regulating most endocrine glands
- B.
Is composed of the superior and inferior pituitary glands
- C.
Produces T4 (thyroxine and T3 (triiodothyronine)
- D.
Secretes insulin, glucagon and somatostatin
Correct Answer
A. Has the central role of regulating most endocrine glandsExplanation
The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a central role in regulating most other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes hormones that control the functions of other glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and reproductive organs. These hormones help to maintain homeostasis and regulate various bodily processes, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Therefore, the statement that the pituitary gland has the central role of regulating most endocrine glands is correct.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Select the true statements
- A.
Hormones only interact with cell surface receptors
- B.
Hyperpituitarism may lead to hypopituitarism via mass effects
- C.
Hyperpituitarism is classified by excessive secretion of trophic hormones.
- D.
Hyperpituitarism may result after ischemic injury,surgery or radiation
Correct Answer(s)
B. Hyperpituitarism may lead to hypopituitarism via mass effects
C. Hyperpituitarism is classified by excessive secretion of trophic hormones.Explanation
Dr. boucher talked about two ways to classify proteins ; one that diffuse across the plasma membrane (steroids) and interact w/ cell surface receptors (peptide hormones and small molecules).
The last option is due to HYPOpituitarismRate this question:
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- 3.
Causes of Hypopituitarism include ...
- A.
Sheehan syndrome
- B.
Ablation or radiation
- C.
Ischemic necrosis of the anterior pituitary
- D.
Corticotroph cell adenomas
- E.
Prolactinomas
Correct Answer(s)
A. Sheehan syndrome
B. Ablation or radiation
C. Ischemic necrosis of the anterior pituitaryExplanation
The last two options result in HyperpituitarismRate this question:
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- 4.
The thyroid A. Operates under Positive feedback control B. Increases the basal metabolic rate C. Is controlled by free calcium in the blood not by the hypothalamus or pituitary gland
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
A and B
- E.
B and C
- F.
All of the above
Correct Answer
B. BExplanation
Option C refers to the parathyroid glandsRate this question:
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- 5.
The anterior pituitary releases _____ which stimulates the thyroid gland to release T4 and ____
Correct Answer
TSH, T3Explanation
The anterior pituitary gland releases TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) which stimulates the thyroid gland to release T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine). TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote the production and secretion of T4 and T3, which are important hormones involved in regulating metabolism, growth, and development in the body. T3 is the more biologically active form of thyroid hormone, while T4 is converted into T3 in various tissues. Therefore, TSH plays a crucial role in maintaining thyroid hormone levels and ensuring proper physiological functioning.Rate this question:
- 6.
Thyrotoxicosis...
- A.
Is a hypometabolic state
- B.
Is also known as hyperthyroidism
- C.
Maybe caused by extra-thyroidal sources as well as an excessive intake of thyroid hormone
- D.
Occurs in Grave's disease due to autoimmune stimulation of thyroid glands
- E.
Has only Ocular and GI clinical manifestations
Correct Answer(s)
B. Is also known as hyperthyroidism
C. Maybe caused by extra-thyroidal sources as well as an excessive intake of thyroid hormone
D. Occurs in Grave's disease due to autoimmune stimulation of thyroid glandsExplanation
clinical Manifestations: Heat intolerance, weight loss, warm skin, GI: hypermotility/diarrhea. Cardiac: palpitations/ tachycardia. Neuromuscular; nervousness and tremor. Ocular; wide, staring gaze, lid lagRate this question:
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- 7.
Select the true statements; A. Primary Hypothyroidism is due to Hypothalamic/pituitary disease B. Cretinism is typically found in adults C. Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland due to an improper production of thyroxine. D. Screening for TSH is the most effective way to test for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
A and B
- F.
C and D
- G.
All the above
Correct Answer
F. C and DExplanation
Option A - Primary - problem with the THYROID
Option B - Cretinism is found in children which results in mental retardation & coarse facial features, due to a dietary iodine deficiencyRate this question:
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- 8.
All of the following are clinical manifestations of myxedema EXCEPT: A. Heat intolerance B. Obesity C. Enlarged tongue D. Constipation E. Hair loss on eyebrows
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
Correct Answer
A. AExplanation
They care typically COLD intolerant, hyperthyroidism leads to HEAT intoleranceRate this question:
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- 9.
Which statement or statements is/are false in regards to Hashimoto thyroiditis
- A.
It is associated with a hypothyroid state
- B.
Treatment is thyroid supplementation
- C.
It maybe preceded by thyrotoxicosis
- D.
It is characterized by a triad of manifestations: thyrotoxicosis, infiltrative ophthalmopathy, dermopathy
- E.
Maybe caused by autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland or painless enlargement of the thyroid gland.
Correct Answer
D. It is characterized by a triad of manifestations: thyrotoxicosis, infiltrative ophthalmopathy, dermopathyExplanation
Grave's disease is characterized by a triad of manifestations: thyrotoxicosis, infiltrative ophthalmopathy, dermopathyRate this question:
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- 10.
Select all that apply: Parathyroid hormone...
- A.
Is regulated by Calcium
- B.
Increases kidney reabsorption of calcium
- C.
Decreases the conversion of Vit D to active form
- D.
Mobilizes Ca from the bone
- E.
Decreases urinary phosphate excretion
- F.
Auguments GI calcium absorption
Correct Answer(s)
A. Is regulated by Calcium
B. Increases kidney reabsorption of calcium
D. Mobilizes Ca from the bone
F. Auguments GI calcium absorptionExplanation
Increases both the conversion of Vit D to active form and urinary phosphate excretionRate this question:
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- 11.
Clinical Manifestations of Hypopatathyroidism include:
- A.
Painful bones
- B.
Facial grimacing
- C.
Cardiac arrhythmias
- D.
Renal Stones
- E.
Chronic Renal Failure
- F.
Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer(s)
B. Facial grimacing
C. Cardiac arrhythmias
F. HypocalcemiaExplanation
Primary HYPERparathyroidism - causes painful bones and renal stones
SECONDARY HYPERparathyroidism - is related to chronic renal failure
The clinical manifestations of HYPOparathyroidism are due to hypocalcemiaRate this question:
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- 12.
Causes of PRIMARY hyperparathyroidism include A. Chronic depression of serum calcium levels B. Adenoma C. Primary hyperplasia D. Increased levels of PTH and Ca E. Hypocalcemia
- A.
A and B
- B.
B and C
- C.
C and D
- D.
A and E
- E.
A, C, D only
- F.
B, C, D only
- G.
A, B, E only
Correct Answer
F. B, C, D onlyExplanation
Option A - causes SECONDARY
PRIMARY Hyperparathyroidism causes HYPERcalcemiaRate this question:
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- 13.
Decreased phosphate excretion leads to depressed Ca levels which will elevate PTH levels
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When phosphate excretion decreases, it causes a decrease in calcium levels. This decrease in calcium triggers the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands. PTH then acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestines to increase calcium levels. Therefore, decreased phosphate excretion leads to elevated PTH levels.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Select the FALSE statements
- A.
The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions
- B.
Acute pancreatitis may be reversible if the cause of inflammation is removed.
- C.
The most common cause of Acute pancreatitis is alcohol abuse
- D.
Clinical manifestations of Acute pancreatitis include jaundice and vague indigestion
- E.
Chronic Pancreatitis results in a loss of both exocrine and endocrine function
Correct Answer(s)
C. The most common cause of Acute pancreatitis is alcohol abuse
D. Clinical manifestations of Acute pancreatitis include jaundice and vague indigestionExplanation
CHRONIC Pancreatitis = cause most common = alcohol abuse
Causes of Acute = metabolic, mechanical, vascular, infectious
CHRONIC clinical manifestation: jaundice, vague indigestion, abdominal/back pain and weight lossRate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is a complication of Diabetes Mellitus? A. End-stage renal disease B. Increased risk of coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease C. Non-traumatic lower extremity amputation
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
A and B only
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
Dr. May also listed Adult onset blindness as a complicationRate this question:
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- 16.
The desired blood glucose level is ___ to ___
Correct Answer
65,99Explanation
The desired blood glucose level is between 65 and 99. This range is considered normal and healthy for individuals without diabetes. Blood glucose levels below 65 can indicate hypoglycemia, while levels above 99 may suggest hyperglycemia. Maintaining blood glucose within this range helps ensure proper functioning of the body's cells and organs, and reduces the risk of complications associated with high or low blood sugar levels.Rate this question:
- 17.
Select the FALSE Statement
- A.
HgbA1C should be performed every 3months for insulin treated patients
- B.
Fructosamine (GSP) measures average blood glucose for the past 3 months
- C.
Type II diabetes mellitus is a combination of peripheral resistance to insulin action and inadequate insulin secretion
- D.
A reading of above 7 on a HgbA1C requires tighter glucose control.
Correct Answer
B. Fructosamine (GSP) measures average blood glucose for the past 3 monthsExplanation
GSP measures blood glucose for past 2-3 weeksRate this question:
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- 18.
Complete the statement: Insulin...
- A.
Reduces production of glucose from the liver
- B.
Affects striated and cardiac muscle cells and adipocytes
- C.
Is NOT required by some tissues including: nerves, kidneys, lens, kidneys and blood vessels
- D.
Decreases glucose uptake and lipogenesis in adipose tissue
- E.
Decreases both glycogen synthesis and lipogenesis in the liver
- F.
Decreases Protein synthesis in striated muscle
Correct Answer(s)
A. Reduces production of glucose from the liver
B. Affects striated and cardiac muscle cells and adipocytes
C. Is NOT required by some tissues including: nerves, kidneys, lens, kidneys and blood vesselsExplanation
Insulin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. It reduces the production of glucose from the liver, which helps to maintain stable blood sugar levels. Insulin also affects striated and cardiac muscle cells and adipocytes, promoting glucose uptake and storage in these tissues. However, it is not required by some tissues including nerves, kidneys, lens, and blood vessels. Additionally, insulin decreases glucose uptake and lipogenesis in adipose tissue and decreases both glycogen synthesis and lipogenesis in the liver. It does not decrease protein synthesis in striated muscle.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the statements is false with regards to Diabetes Mellitus TYPE I? A. It is considered an autoimmune disease B. Onset is abrupt though chronic attack on beta cells occurs for years before symptoms C. May result in ketoacidosis D.Symptoms include Obesity and hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
D. DExplanation
The statement "Symptoms include Obesity and hyperosmolar nonketotic coma" is false with regards to Diabetes Mellitus TYPE I. Obesity is not a symptom of Type I diabetes, and hyperosmolar nonketotic coma is more commonly associated with Type II diabetes.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Medications for treatment of DM Type II will stimulate insulin release and affect insulin receptors
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because medications used to treat Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) are designed to stimulate insulin release and affect insulin receptors. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels, and in Type II DM, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or doesn't use it effectively. Medications like sulfonylureas and meglitinides stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin, while others like thiazolidinediones and metformin help improve insulin sensitivity at the receptor level. By stimulating insulin release and affecting insulin receptors, these medications help lower blood sugar levels and manage Type II DM.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which statements are FALSE regarding the adrenal gland?
- A.
They are PAIRED endocrine glands located on the SUPERIOR pole of the kidney
- B.
The cortex synthesizes ONLY catecholamines such as epinephrine
- C.
The adrenal gland produces aldosterone in response to Angiotensin II which in turn increases the reabsorption of NA and H20 into blood
- D.
Hypercortisolism will result in Addison's disease
Correct Answer(s)
B. The cortex synthesizes ONLY catecholamines such as epinephrine
D. Hypercortisolism will result in Addison's diseaseExplanation
CORTEX: Glucocorticoids, mineralcoricoids (aldosterone), sex steroids
Hypercortisolism Results in Cushing'sRate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of Cushing's syndrome A. Moon faces and Buffalo humps B. Masculinization in females and precocious puberty in males C. Easy bruising and striae D. Can mimic DM
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
B. BExplanation
Option B is due to Adrenogential syndrome BUT like hypercorticolism falls under the umbrella term ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION ( there are three in the family, hyperaldosteronism is the other)Rate this question:
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- 23.
Hyperaldosteronism...
- A.
Causes Na retention and K excretion
- B.
Leads to hypertension
- C.
The secondary form is due to the aldosterone producing adrenocortical neoplasm or primary adrenocortical hyperplasia
- D.
The primary form is the response to activation of the renin-angiotensin system
Correct Answer(s)
A. Causes Na retention and K excretion
B. Leads to hypertensionExplanation
The secondary and primary definitions are flipped in this question and therefore wrong.
Remember: Primary is glandular problem and secondary is a response from elsewhereRate this question:
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- 24.
Addison's disease: A. is a form of adrenocortical insufficiency - particularly the primary chronic B. Will become evident once 10% of the adrenal cortex is destroyed C. Displays GI symptoms of anorexia, nausea, diarrheaalong with weakness and fatigue D. Maybe due to a rapid withdrawal of steroids or adrenal hemorrhage
- A.
A and B
- B.
A and C
- C.
B and C
- D.
C and D
- E.
A,B, C only
- F.
All of the above
Correct Answer
B. A and CExplanation
Option B_ 90% destruction for symptoms to appear
Option D - refers to primary acute adrenocortical insufficiency like an adrenal crisisRate this question:
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- 25.
Clinical features of Pheochromocytoma include:
- A.
Hypertension
- B.
Tachycardia
- C.
Palpitations and tremors
- D.
Oligomenorrhea
- E.
Hirsutism
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hypertension
B. Tachycardia
C. Palpitations and tremorsExplanation
Last two options happen to females in adrenogenital syndromeRate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 11, 2011Quiz Created by
Mchllmijares
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