P21b Likely 10
- 1.
Which of the following does NOT usually result from nephrosclerosis?
- A.
A. secondary hypertension
- B.
B. chronic renal failure
- C.
C. acute renal failure
- D.
D. increased renin and aldosterone secretions
Correct Answer
C. C. acute renal failure -
- 2.
Which of the following relates to polycystic kidney disease?
- A.
A. It affects only one of the kidneys.
- B.
B. It results in gradual degeneration and chronic renal failure.
- C.
C. The kidneys are displaced and the ureters are twisted.
- D.
D. The prognosis is good because there is adequate reserve for normal life.
Correct Answer
B. B. It results in gradual degeneration and chronic renal failure. -
- 3.
Which of the following indicates the early stage of acute renal failure?
- A.
A. polyuria with urine a fixed, low specific gravity
- B.
B. hypotension and increased urine output
- C.
C. development of decompensated acidosis
- D.
D. very low GFR and increased serum urea
Correct Answer
D. D. very low GFR and increased serum urea -
- 4.
What is a cause of acute tubule necrosis and acute renal failure?
- A.
A. prolonged circulatory shock
- B.
B. sudden significant exposure to nephrotoxins
- C.
C. crush injuries or burns
- D.
D. all of the above
Correct Answer
D. D. all of the above -
- 5.
Which of the following would likely cause chronic renal failure?
- A.
A. cystitis with pyelonephritis in the right kidney
- B.
B. circulatory shock
- C.
C. persistent bilateral glomerulonephritis
- D.
D. obstruction of a ureter by a renal calculus
Correct Answer
C. C. persistent bilateral glomerulonephritis -
- 6.
What causes polyuria during the stage of renal insufficiency?
- A.
A. loss of tubule function
- B.
B. increased blood pressure
- C.
C. decreased aldosterone secretion
- D.
D. increased GFR
Correct Answer
A. A. loss of tubule function -
- 7.
What is the primary reason for hypocalcemia developing during end-stage renal failure or uremia?
- A.
A. decreased parathyroid hormone secretion
- B.
B. insufficient calcium in the diet
- C.
C. excessive excretion of calcium ions in the urine
- D.
D. a deficit of activated vitamin D and hyperphosphatemia
Correct Answer
D. D. a deficit of activated vitamin D and hyperphosphatemia -
- 8.
Cystitis is more common in females due to:
- A.
A. the mucosa in the urinary tract is continuous
- B.
B. the urethra is short, wide, and adjacent to areas with resident flora
- C.
C. the pH of urine is more acidic in females
- D.
D. females have a higher incidence of congenital anomalies
Correct Answer
B. B. the urethra is short, wide, and adjacent to areas with resident flora -
- 9.
Which of the following indicate a decreased GFR?
- A.
A. increased serum urea and decreased serum bicarbonate
- B.
B. urine with low specific gravity and dark color
- C.
C. albuminuria and hematuria
- D.
D. hyponatremia and hypokalemia
Correct Answer
A. A. increased serum urea and decreased serum bicarbonate -
- 10.
Which of the following is NOT likely to lead to hydronephrosis?
- A.
A. renal calculi
- B.
B. pyelonephritis
- C.
C. nephrosclerosis
- D.
D. benign prostatic hypertrophy
Correct Answer
C. C. nephrosclerosis -
- 11.
Which of the following congenital defects is a common cause of cystitis in young children?
- A.
A. polycystic kidney
- B.
B. horseshoe kidney
- C.
C. hypoplasia of the kidney
- D.
D. vesicoureteral reflux
Correct Answer
D. D. vesicoureteral reflux -
- 12.
Which factor contributes to severe anemia in individuals with chronic renal failure?
- A.
A. increased erythropoietin secretion
- B.
B. limited protein intake
- C.
C. compensatory increase in bone marrow activity
- D.
D. inability to absorb Vitamin B12 and iron
Correct Answer
B. B. limited protein intake -
- 13.
When acidosis becomes decompensated in renal failure, a key indicator is:
- A.
A. increased PCO2
- B.
B. increased bicarbonate ion
- C.
C. serum pH dropping below 7.35
- D.
D. serum buffer ratio of 20 bicarbonate ion to 1 carbonic acid
Correct Answer
C. C. serum pH dropping below 7.35 -
- 14.
Which of the following causes acute renal failure?
- A.
A. polycystic kidney disease
- B.
B. pyelonephritis in the right kidney
- C.
C. nephrosclerosis
- D.
D. bilateral acute glomerulonephritis
Correct Answer
D. D. bilateral acute glomerulonephritis -
- 15.
Which of the following is a significant indicator of renal insufficiency?
- A.
A. urine with pH of 5
- B.
B. increased serum urea and creatinine
- C.
C. urine with high specific gravity
- D.
D. increased blood pressure
Correct Answer
B. B. increased serum urea and creatinine -
- 16.
Uremic signs of renal failure include all of the following EXCEPT:
- A.
A. encephalopathy
- B.
B. congestive heart failure
- C.
C. osteodystrophy
- D.
D. azotemia and acidosis
Correct Answer
B. B. congestive heart failure -
- 17.
Choose the basic cause of osteodystrophy associated with chronic renal failure.
- A.
A. development of hypercalcemia
- B.
B. deficit of parathyroid hormone
- C.
C. failure of the kidney to activate vitamin D
- D.
D. excessive loss of phosphate ion
Correct Answer
C. C. failure of the kidney to activate vitamin D -
- 18.
Agenesis is often not diagnosed because:
- A.
A. the kidney is displaced from its normal position
- B.
B. it is a genetic defect and asymptomatic until mid-life
- C.
C. the two functioning kidneys are fused together
- D.
D. one kidney provides more than adequate function
Correct Answer
D. D. one kidney provides more than adequate function -
- 19.
The normal pH of urine is:
- A.
A. 7.35-7.45
- B.
B. 4.5- 8.0
- C.
C. 1.5-7.5
- D.
D. 1.0-7.0
Correct Answer
B. B. 4.5- 8.0 -
- 20.
Reduced urine output resulting from inflammation and necrosis of the tubules is called:
- A.
A. oliguria
- B.
B. anuria
- C.
C. pyuria
- D.
D. polyuria
Correct Answer
A. A. oliguria -
- 21.
Which of the following results from decreased blood flow into the kidneys?
- A.
A. decreasing blood pressure
- B.
B. dilation of the afferent arterioles
- C.
C. decreased aldosterone secretion
- D.
D. increased angiotensin and systemic vasoconstriction
Correct Answer
D. D. increased angiotensin and systemic vasoconstriction -
- 22.
In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the glomerular inflammation results from:
- A.
A. the antecedent infection
- B.
B. type III hypersensitivity reaction
- C.
C. ascending infection from the bladder
- D.
D. spread of infection from the tubules
Correct Answer
B. B. type III hypersensitivity reaction -
- 23.
In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the inflammation causes:
- A.
A. increased permeability of the glomerular capillaries
- B.
B. glomerular congestion and decreased GFR
- C.
C. decreased blood pressure and edema
- D.
D. a, b
- E.
E. a, c
Correct Answer
D. D. a, b -
- 24.
The reabsorption of water and electrolytes by the kidneys is directly controlled by: 1. atrial natriuretic hormone 2. antidiuretic hormone 3. angiotensin 4. the levels of bicarbonate ion
- A.
A. 2 only
- B.
B. 3 only
- C.
C. 1, 2
- D.
D. 2, 4
- E.
E. 1, 3, 4
Correct Answer
C. C. 1, 2 -
- 25.
Uncontrolled essential hypertension may cause chronic renal failure because of:
- A.
A. predisposition to recurrent urinary tract infections
- B.
B. damage to afferent arterioles and renal ischemia
- C.
C. failure of tubules to respond to hormonal controls
- D.
D. glomerular congestion causes damaged capillaries
Correct Answer
B. B. damage to afferent arterioles and renal ischemia -
- 26.
Autoregulation in the kidneys refers to:
- A.
A. control of blood flow by the sympathetic nervous system
- B.
B. the secretion of renin and activation of angiotensin
- C.
C. local minor reflex adjustments in the arterioles to maintain normal blood flow
- D.
D. the control of systemic blood pressure by the kidneys
Correct Answer
C. C. local minor reflex adjustments in the arterioles to maintain normal blood flow -
Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
-
Current Version
-
May 12, 2013Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
May 09, 2013Quiz Created by
1student1
- Abdomen Quizzes
- Addiction Quizzes
- Aging Quizzes
- Arthritis Quizzes
- Beauty Quizzes
- Body Quizzes
- Bone Quizzes
- Brain Quizzes
- Child Health Quizzes
- Dermatology Quizzes
- Digestive System Quizzes
- Disease Quizzes
- Fertility Quizzes
- First Aid Quizzes
- Hair care Quizzes
- Health And Nutrition Quizzes
- Health And Wellness Quizzes
- Health Policy Quizzes
- Health Psychology Quizzes
- Health Worldwide Quizzes
- Hearing Quizzes
- Heart Quizzes
- Hospital Quizzes
- Illness Quizzes
- Injury Quizzes
- Kidney Quizzes
- Liver Quizzes
- Lung Quizzes
- Medical Quizzes
- Mental Health Quizzes
- Nose Quizzes
- Nutrition Quizzes
- Obesity Quizzes
- Ophthalmology Quizzes
- Patient Quizzes
- Patient care Quizzes
- Pharmacy Quizzes
- Pregnancy Quizzes
- Puberty Quizzes
- Public Health Quizzes
- Respiratory System Quizzes
- Sleep Quizzes
- Stress Quizzes
- Surgery Quizzes
- Surgical Instruments Quizzes
- Throat Quizzes
- Weight Quizzes
- Wellness Quizzes
Back to top