A&p Exam 4
Exam 4 - ready for the final
- 1.
The ______ system utilizes electrical and chemical signals to send messages that are usually ______ than the messages from the ______ system that uses chemical signals for communication
- A.
Endocrine, faster, nervous
- B.
Nervous, faster, cardiovascular
- C.
Nervous, faster, endocrine
- D.
Endocrine, slower, nervous
- E.
Nervous, slower, endocrine
Correct Answer
C. Nervous, faster, endocrine -
- 2.
A visceral sensory neuron would be referred to as a/an ______ neuron that carries info from the ______ and ______ cavities to the CNS
- A.
Afferent, thoracic, abdominal
- B.
Efferent, cranial, thoracic
- C.
Efferent, thoracic, abdominal
- D.
Inter, pelvic, thoracic
- E.
Afferent, cranial, abdominal
Correct Answer
A. Afferent, thoracic, abdominal -
- 3.
The ______ division of the ______ also called the autonomic nervous system is subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
- A.
Visceral sensory, PNS
- B.
Somatic motor, PNS
- C.
Visceral motor, CNS
- D.
Somatic motor, CNS
- E.
Visceral motor, PNS
Correct Answer
E. Visceral motor, PNS -
- 4.
Which type of neuron is responsible for carrying out integrative functions
- A.
Somatic motor neurons
- B.
Interneurons
- C.
Oligodendrocytes
- D.
Afferent neurons
- E.
Visceral motor neurons
Correct Answer
B. Interneurons -
- 5.
This type of cell is responsible for secreting and circulating cerebrospinal fluid
- A.
Ependymal cells
- B.
Oligodendrocytes
- C.
Astrocytes
- D.
Microglia
- E.
Neurons
Correct Answer
A. Ependymal cells -
- 6.
A multipolar neuron has
- A.
One axon and one dendrite
- B.
One dendrite and multiple axons
- C.
Many axons but no dendrites
- D.
One axon and multiple dendrites
- E.
Many dendrites but no axons
Correct Answer
D. One axon and multiple dendrites -
- 7.
______ myelinate neurons in the CNS while ______ myelinate neurons in the PNS
- A.
Astrocytes, microglia
- B.
Oligodendrocytes, schwann cells
- C.
Microglia, ependymal cells
- D.
Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes
- E.
Schwann cells, oligodendroctes
Correct Answer
B. Oligodendrocytes, schwann cells -
- 8.
The resting membrane potential
- A.
Is a charge difference across the plasma membrane
- B.
Exists because the neuron is more highly permeable to chloride than potassium at rest
- C.
Equals -70 mV in a resting neuron
- D.
Exists because of equal concentrations of ions in the ECF and ICF
- E.
Both A and C
Correct Answer
E. Both A and C -
- 9.
All of the following are characteristics of local potentials EXCEPT
- A.
Vary in magnitude with stimulus strength (graded)
- B.
Get weaker the farther they spread (decremental)
- C.
Are reversible
- D.
Can only be excitatory
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. Can only be excitatory -
- 10.
During the "rising phase" or depolarization phase of an action potential
- A.
Na+ channels open allowing Na+ to flow out of the neuron
- B.
The neuron becomes more positive
- C.
K+ flows out of the cell
- D.
Cl- flows into the cell
- E.
Both A and C
Correct Answer
B. The neuron becomes more positive -
- 11.
The part of the action potential where a neuron is resistant to further stimulation is referred to as the
- A.
Local potential
- B.
Resting membrane potential
- C.
Refractory period
- D.
Synaptic potential
- E.
Threshold
Correct Answer
C. Refractory period -
- 12.
All are characteristics of neurotransmitters EXCEPT
- A.
Synthesized by the presynaptic neuron
- B.
Released in response to stimulation
- C.
Bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell
- D.
Alter the physiology of the cell
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
E. None of the above -
- 13.
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) occurs when ______ or ______ receptors are activated allowing ______ to flow ______ the cell
- A.
GABA, glycine, Cl-, into
- B.
Glutamate, glycine, Na+, into
- C.
GABA, glycine, Cl-, out
- D.
Glutamate, acetylcholine, Na+, out
- E.
Glutamate, acetylcholine, Na+, into
Correct Answer
A. GABA, glycine, Cl-, into -
- 14.
All of the following are mechanisms of signal cessation in neurons EXCEPT
- A.
Diffusion of neurotransmitter
- B.
Reuptake of neurotransmitter
- C.
Neurotransmitter remains in cleft forever
- D.
Degradation of neurotransmitter in the cleft
- E.
Both A and C
Correct Answer
C. Neurotransmitter remains in cleft forever -
- 15.
All of the following are functions of the spinal cord EXCEPT
- A.
Locomotion
- B.
Conduction
- C.
Reflexes
- D.
CNS protection
- E.
Both A and B
Correct Answer
D. CNS protection -
- 16.
The spinal cord gives rise to ______ pairs of spinal nerves which pass through holes referred to as ______ except for the first pair which passes between ______ and the skull
- A.
41, foramen magnum, C1
- B.
26, intervertabral foramina, L1
- C.
31, intervertebral foramina, C1
- D.
41, mental foramina, L1
- E.
31, foramen magnum, T2
Correct Answer
C. 31, intervertebral foramina, C1 -
- 17.
White matter contains ______ while gray matter contains ______
- A.
Myelinated axons, neuronal cell bodies
- B.
Myelinated axons, unmyelinated axons
- C.
Myelinated axons, bone cell bodies
- D.
Neuronal cell bodies, myelinated axons
- E.
Neuronal cells bodies, unmyelinated axons
Correct Answer
A. Myelinated axons, neuronal cell bodies -
- 18.
Which of the following is not considered an Ascending spinal tract
- A.
Gracile fasciculus
- B.
Tectospinal tract
- C.
Cuneate fasciculus
- D.
Posterior spinocerebellar tract
- E.
Spinoreticular tract
Correct Answer
B. Tectospinal tract -
- 19.
In general, a Descending tract would begin in the ______ and contain an upper motor neuron in the ______ and a lower motor neuron in the ______
- A.
Motor cortex, spinal cord, cerebral cortex
- B.
Somatosensory cortex, spinal cord, cerebral cortex
- C.
Somatosensory cortex, cerebral cortex, spinal cord
- D.
Motor cortex, cerebral cortex, spinal cord
- E.
Motor cortex, dendrites, axons
Correct Answer
D. Motor cortex, cerebral cortex, spinal cord -
- 20.
The ______ bundles numerous fascicles that constitutes the whole nerve
- A.
Perineurium
- B.
Neurilemma
- C.
Epineurium
- D.
Endoneurium
- E.
Basal lamina
Correct Answer
C. Epineurium -
- 21.
Nuclei are found in the ______ while ganglia are found in the ______
- A.
PNS, enteric nervous system
- B.
PNS, autonomic nervous system
- C.
PNS, CNS
- D.
CNS, heart
- E.
CNS, PNS
Correct Answer
E. CNS, PNS -
- 22.
Sensory information carried by ______ neurons enters the spinal cord through the ______ while motor information carried by ______ neurons leaves through the ______
- A.
Efferent, dorsal root, afferent, ventral root
- B.
Inter, ventral root, efferent, dorsal root
- C.
Afferent, dorsal root, efferent, ventral root
- D.
Efferent, ventral root, afferent, dorsal root
- E.
Afferent, ventral root, efferent, dorsal root
Correct Answer
C. Afferent, dorsal root, efferent, ventral root -
- 23.
Which plexus supplies the phrenic nerve to the diaphragm
- A.
Brachial
- B.
Cervical
- C.
Coccygeal
- D.
Sacral
- E.
Lumbar
Correct Answer
B. Cervical -
- 24.
The cerebellum is ______ to the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, and the cerebrum is ______ to the medulla oblongata
- A.
Rostral, superior
- B.
Caudal, inferior
- C.
Anterior, proximal
- D.
Rostral, inferior
- E.
Caudal, superior
Correct Answer
E. Caudal, superior -
- 25.
The ______ is a thick ______ matter tract that connects the two hemispheres of the brain
- A.
Corpus callosum, white
- B.
Corpus callosum, gray
- C.
Gray commisure, white
- D.
Anterior commisure, white
- E.
Gray commisure, gray
Correct Answer
A. Corpus callosum, white -
- 26.
This part of the brain is what remains if the cerebrum and cerebellum are removed
- A.
Cerebral cortex
- B.
Cerebrum
- C.
Spinal cord
- D.
Brainstem
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. Brainstem -
- 27.
All of the following are functions of the cerebrospinal fluid EXCEPT
- A.
Buoyancy
- B.
Neural signal integration
- C.
Protection
- D.
Chemical stability
- E.
Both B and D
Correct Answer
B. Neural signal integration -
- 28.
A patient who is having trouble with their rate and depth of breathing as well as their rate and force of heart contractions might have a lesion in which brain region
- A.
Pons
- B.
Medulla oblongata
- C.
Cerebral cortex
- D.
Cerebellum
- E.
Thalamus
Correct Answer
B. Medulla oblongata -
- 29.
The pons lies between which two brain regions
- A.
Midbrain and medulla oblongata
- B.
Frontal and occipital lobes
- C.
Midbrain and thalamus
- D.
Medulla oblongata and spinal cord
- E.
Cerebral cortex and thalamus
Correct Answer
A. Midbrain and medulla oblongata -
- 30.
The primary function of this brain region is motor coordination
- A.
Cerebral cortex
- B.
Thalamus
- C.
Hypothalamus
- D.
Hippocampus
- E.
Cerebellum
Correct Answer
E. Cerebellum -
- 31.
The ______ is the "relay station" of the brain and is part of the ______
- A.
Thalamus, telencephalon
- B.
Amygdala, midbrain
- C.
Thalamus, diencephalon
- D.
Hypothalamus, diencephalon
- E.
Epithalamus, telencephalon
Correct Answer
C. Thalamus, diencephalon -
- 32.
This brain region is the major control center for both the autonomic nervous system and endocrine systems
- A.
Hippocampus
- B.
Hypothalamus
- C.
Amygdala
- D.
Basal nuclei
- E.
Cerebellum
Correct Answer
B. Hypothalamus -
- 33.
The thick folds of the brain are referred to as ______ while the shallow grooves are referred to as ______
- A.
Sulci, gyri
- B.
Commisures, sulci
- C.
Gyri, callosa
- D.
Gyri, sulci
- E.
Sulci, fissures
Correct Answer
D. Gyri, sulci -
- 34.
Which lobes of the brain are responsible for vision and hearing, respectively
- A.
Occipital and frontal
- B.
Occipital and temporal
- C.
Parietal and occipital
- D.
Insula and temporal
- E.
Temporal and occipital
Correct Answer
B. Occipital and temporal -
- 35.
The limbic system of the brain contains which two important structures that are responsible for memory and emotion respectively
- A.
Hippocampus and amygdala
- B.
Hypothalamus and hippocampus
- C.
Hippocampus and medulla oblongata
- D.
Thalamus and amygdala
- E.
Amygdala and cerebellum
Correct Answer
A. Hippocampus and amygdala -
- 36.
All of the following are considered higher brain functions EXCEPT
- A.
Sleep
- B.
Cognition
- C.
Sensation
- D.
Memory
- E.
Appetite
Correct Answer
E. Appetite -
- 37.
A/an ______, meaning "little human" in latin, is a type of topographical map used to map both sensory and motor functions to the surface of the brain
- A.
Association area
- B.
Functional region
- C.
Primary cortex
- D.
Homunculus
- E.
Hippocampus
Correct Answer
D. Homunculus -
- 38.
Cranial nerve III is referred to as the ______ nerve and functions as a ______ nerve
- A.
Olfactory, sensory
- B.
Glossopharyngeal, mixed
- C.
Oculomotor, motor
- D.
Optic, sensory
- E.
Accessory, motor
Correct Answer
C. Oculomotor, motor -
- 39.
Cranial nerve V is referred to as the ______ nerve and functions as a ______ nerve
- A.
Trigeminal, mixed
- B.
Trochlear, mixed
- C.
Facial, sensory
- D.
Vagus, motor
- E.
Accessory, mixed
Correct Answer
A. Trigeminal, mixed -
- 40.
Which of the cranial nerves plays a major role in the control of cardiac, pulmonary, digestive, and urinary functions
- A.
Trochlear
- B.
Abducens
- C.
Hypoglossal
- D.
Vagus
- E.
Trigeminal
Correct Answer
D. Vagus -
- 41.
The ______ mater is pressed closest to the cranial bones in the skull is composed of two layers referred to as the ______ and ______
- A.
Pia, deep, superficial
- B.
Dura, periosteal, meningeal
- C.
Arachnoid, spinal, cranial
- D.
Pia, periosteal, meningeal
- E.
Dura, spinal, cranial
Correct Answer
B. Dura, periosteal, meningeal -
- 42.
The ______ is the structure where an axon originates from the soma and where action potentials are triggered
- A.
Dendrites
- B.
Myelin sheath
- C.
Synaptic knob
- D.
Neurosoma
- E.
Axon hillock
Correct Answer
E. Axon hillock -
- 43.
Which of the following is NOT an important property of reflexes
- A.
Require stimulation
- B.
Slow
- C.
Voluntary
- D.
Sterotyped
- E.
Both B and C
Correct Answer
E. Both B and C -
- 44.
A skeletal muscle reflex arc would dontain all of the following EXCEPT
- A.
Somatic receptor
- B.
Afferent sensory fiber
- C.
Integration center
- D.
Afferent motor nerve fiber
- E.
Both C and D
Correct Answer
D. Afferent motor nerve fiber -
- 45.
During the patellar tendon reflex arc, the ______ muscles contract while the ______ muscles relax thanks to a phenomenon known as ______
- A.
Hamstring, quadriceps, reciprocal inhibition
- B.
Quadriceps, hamstring, reciprocal inhibition
- C.
Hamstring, quadriceps, feedforward inhibition
- D.
Biceps, triceps, reciprocal inhibition
- E.
Quadriceps, hamstring, negative feedback loop
Correct Answer
B. Quadriceps, hamstring, reciprocal inhibition -
- 46.
The ______ nervous system's actions are ______ and are responsible for maintaining ______
- A.
Autonomic, voluntary, homeostasis
- B.
Central, voluntary, positive feedback
- C.
Autonomic, involuntary, homeostasis
- D.
Peripheral, involuntary, homeostasis
- E.
Enteric, involuntary, feedback inhibition
Correct Answer
C. Autonomic, involuntary, homeostasis -
- 47.
In a somatic motor pathway, ______ nerve reaches all the way to the effector while in an autonomic pathway, the signal must travel across ______ neurons to reach the effector
- A.
One, two
- B.
Three, two
- C.
One, three
- D.
Two, three
- E.
Two, one
Correct Answer
A. One, two -
- 48.
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system has ______ preganglionic nerve fibers and is responsible for ______ while the parasympathetic division has ______ preganglionic fibers and is responsible for ______
- A.
Short, rest and digest, long, fight or flight
- B.
Long, rest and digest, short, fight or flight
- C.
Short, eating, long, running
- D.
Long, fight or flight, short, rest and digest
- E.
Short, fight or flight, long, rest and digest
Correct Answer
E. Short, fight or flight, long, rest and digest -
- 49.
In regards to the enteric nervoys system
- A.
Is the nervous system of the kidneys
- B.
Regulates blood vessel tension
- C.
Has no component in the CNS
- D.
Utilizes CNS reflex arcs
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Has no component in the CNS -
- 50.
Which of the following neurotransmitters is secreted by all preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system
- A.
Acetylcholine
- B.
GABA
- C.
Norepinephrine
- D.
Epinephrine
- E.
Glutamate
Correct Answer
A. Acetylcholine -
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