Matter And Energy Unit Test 777 (English)
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The tiny particles that make up all matter are called
- A.
Genes
- B.
Atoms
- C.
Minerals
- D.
Cells
Correct Answer
B. AtomsExplanation
Atoms are the correct answer because they are the smallest particles that make up all matter. Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for building proteins, not particles of matter. Minerals are inorganic substances found in the earth, not particles of matter. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms, not particles of matter. Therefore, atoms best fit the description of the tiny particles that make up all matter.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which model is used by scientists to determine the properties of elements?
- A.
A Punnett square
- B.
The Periodic Table
- C.
A pedigree chart
- D.
The rock cycle
Correct Answer
B. The Periodic TableExplanation
The correct answer is the Periodic Table. Scientists use the Periodic Table to determine the properties of elements. It organizes all known elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. This allows scientists to understand and predict the behavior and characteristics of different elements, such as their atomic mass, atomic radius, electronegativity, and more. The Periodic Table is an essential tool in chemistry and helps scientists study and analyze the properties of elements.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Some common substances and their chemical formulas are listed in the chart below. Which of these substances are elements?
- A.
Hydrochloric acid and carbonic acid
- B.
Carbon dioxide and water
- C.
Oxygen and water
- D.
Helium and oxygen
Correct Answer
D. Helium and oxygenExplanation
The correct answer is helium and oxygen. Helium (He) and oxygen (O) are both elements, meaning they cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) are compounds made up of multiple elements, while carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are also compounds.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which statement is true about the charges assigned to an electron and a proton?
- A.
Both an electron and a proton are positive
- B.
An electron is positive and a proton is negative
- C.
An electron is negative and a proton is positive
- D.
Both an electron and a proton are negative
Correct Answer
C. An electron is negative and a proton is positiveExplanation
An electron is negatively charged because it has a surplus of electrons compared to its protons. A proton, on the other hand, is positively charged because it has a surplus of protons compared to its electrons. This charge difference between electrons and protons is what allows for the attraction and formation of stable atoms.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing
- A.
Atomic number
- B.
Mass number
- C.
Number of isotopes
- D.
Number of moles
Correct Answer
A. Atomic numberExplanation
The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. This is because the atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity. As you move across the Periodic Table from left to right, the atomic number increases by one, indicating the addition of one proton. This arrangement allows for a systematic organization of elements based on their atomic properties and provides valuable information about their chemical behavior and relationships.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The diagram below shows the geometric structure of a molecule of water (H2O). What do the symbols and represent in the model?
- A.
Genetic material
- B.
Chemical bonds
- C.
Cells
- D.
Atoms
Correct Answer
D. AtomsExplanation
The symbols in the model represent atoms. In the diagram, the symbols "H" and "O" represent the atoms of hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and they combine to form molecules. In the case of water, two hydrogen atoms bond with one oxygen atom to form a water molecule (H2O). Therefore, the symbols in the model represent the atoms present in the molecule of water.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The table below shows the chemical symbols for some common elements. Based on the information in the table, which of the four substance below is a compound?
- A.
CO
- B.
Si
- C.
Fe
- D.
He
Correct Answer
A. COExplanation
The chemical symbol CO represents carbon monoxide, which is a compound composed of carbon and oxygen atoms. Therefore, CO is the only substance listed that is a compound. Si, Fe, and He are all chemical symbols for elements (silicon, iron, and helium) and not compounds.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which diagram best represents molecules of matter in the solid phase?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
B. 2Explanation
Diagram 2 represents molecules of matter in the solid phase because the molecules are tightly packed together in a regular pattern. This is characteristic of solids, where the particles are held closely together by strong intermolecular forces. Diagram 1 shows particles that are not tightly packed and are more spread out, which is not characteristic of solids. Diagrams 3 and 4 show particles that are not held together in a regular pattern, which is also not characteristic of solids. Therefore, diagram 2 is the best representation of molecules of matter in the solid phase.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which substance is usually found in nature as a liquid, solid, and gas?
- A.
Water
- B.
Rock
- C.
Metal
- D.
Glass
Correct Answer
A. WaterExplanation
Water is usually found in nature as a liquid, solid, and gas. This is because water can exist in three different states of matter depending on the temperature and pressure. At normal room temperature and pressure, water exists as a liquid. At lower temperatures, it can freeze and become a solid (ice), while at higher temperatures, it can evaporate and become a gas (water vapor). Therefore, water is the substance that can exist in all three states naturally.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A wet shirt is put on a clothesline to dry on a sunny day. The shirt dries because water molecules
- A.
Gain heat energy and condense
- B.
Gain heat energy and evaporate
- C.
Lose heat energy and condense
- D.
Lose heat energy and evaporate
Correct Answer
B. Gain heat energy and evaporateExplanation
On a sunny day, the shirt dries because the water molecules in the fabric gain heat energy from the sun. This increased heat energy causes the water molecules to gain enough kinetic energy to overcome the forces of attraction between them, leading to the process of evaporation. As a result, the water molecules transition from a liquid state to a gaseous state, allowing the shirt to dry.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which graph correctly shows the effect of heat energy on the motion of molecules of matter?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
C. 3Explanation
Graph 3 correctly shows the effect of heat energy on the motion of molecules of matter. As the heat energy increases, the motion of molecules also increases. This is represented by the increase in the amplitude of the graph. The graph shows a positive correlation between heat energy and molecular motion, indicating that as one increases, the other also increases.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which observation would be evidence that the water is undergoing a phase change?
- A.
Waves form on the top of the pond.
- B.
Water soaks into the wet sand.
- C.
The water splashes out of the swimming pool.
- D.
The water level in the glass of water decreases.
Correct Answer
D. The water level in the glass of water decreases.Explanation
The water level in the glass of water decreases can be evidence that the water is undergoing a phase change because when water evaporates, it changes from a liquid phase to a gas phase. As the water molecules gain energy, they become more energetic and move faster, eventually escaping the liquid surface and entering the air as water vapor. This process leads to a decrease in the water level in the glass.Rate this question:
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- 13.
How is heat energy transferred within the liquid water in the pond?
- A.
Compound formation
- B.
Convection currents
- C.
Chemical reactions
- D.
Nuclear reactions
Correct Answer
B. Convection currentsExplanation
Heat energy is transferred within the liquid water in a pond through convection currents. Convection is the process by which heat is transferred through the movement of a fluid, in this case, the water. As the water near the bottom of the pond is heated by the sun or other heat sources, it becomes less dense and rises to the surface. This movement creates a current, carrying the heat energy with it. At the surface, the water cools down and becomes denser, then sinks back down to be heated again. This continuous cycle of rising and sinking creates convection currents, allowing heat energy to be distributed throughout the water in the pond.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The four diagrams below model the results of mixing atoms of different substances. Each atom is represented by a different symbol. Which diagram correctly models a chemical change?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
B. 2Explanation
In diagram 2, the two different symbols representing atoms are combined and rearranged to form a completely new and different symbol. This indicates a chemical change, as the atoms have undergone a chemical reaction and formed a new substance. In the other diagrams, the symbols representing atoms are simply mixed together without any rearrangement or formation of new substances, which indicates a physical change rather than a chemical change.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The diagram below shows a boy observing a fish located at position B below the surface of the water. The boy sees the fish at position A. The apparent position of the fish is different from the actual position of the fish. What has happened to the light passing through the water to cause this difference?
- A.
Reflection
- B.
Absorption
- C.
Compression
- D.
Refraction
Correct Answer
D. RefractionExplanation
When light passes from one medium to another, such as from air to water, it changes speed and direction. This phenomenon is known as refraction. In this scenario, when light from the fish travels from the water to the air, it bends or changes direction at the water-air interface. As a result, the fish appears to be at a different position (A) than its actual position (B) below the surface of the water. Therefore, refraction is responsible for the apparent position of the fish being different from its actual position.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Hydrochloric acid is added to a beaker containing a piece of zinc. As a result, zinc chloride is formed and hydrogen gas is released. This is an example of
- A.
A chemical reaction
- B.
A physical change
- C.
Photosynthesis
- D.
Evaporation
Correct Answer
A. A chemical reactionExplanation
When hydrochloric acid is added to a piece of zinc, a chemical reaction occurs. This is evident from the formation of zinc chloride and the release of hydrogen gas. In a chemical reaction, new substances are formed with different properties from the original substances. In this case, the zinc and hydrochloric acid react to form zinc chloride, which is a completely different compound. Additionally, the release of hydrogen gas indicates that a chemical change has taken place. Therefore, the correct answer is that this is an example of a chemical reaction.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which form of energy is needed to change water from a liquid to a gas?
- A.
Heat
- B.
Mechanical
- C.
Chemical
- D.
Sound
Correct Answer
A. HeatExplanation
Heat energy is needed to change water from a liquid to a gas. When heat is applied to water, the molecules gain energy and move faster, causing the water to evaporate and change into a gaseous state. This process is known as evaporation, and it requires the input of heat energy.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A student crumples up a sheet of paper. Which property of the paper has changed?
- A.
Color
- B.
Mass
- C.
State
- D.
Shape
Correct Answer
D. ShapeExplanation
When the student crumples up the sheet of paper, the property that changes is the shape of the paper. The paper goes from being flat to being crumpled, which alters its shape.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Sound will not travel in a
- A.
Solid
- B.
Gas
- C.
Liquid
- D.
Vacuum
Correct Answer
D. VacuumExplanation
Sound requires a medium to travel through, such as a solid, liquid, or gas, because it relies on the vibration of particles in the medium to transmit energy. In a vacuum, there is no medium for sound waves to propagate, so sound cannot travel. This is because a vacuum is devoid of particles, making it impossible for them to vibrate and transmit sound waves.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which statement best describes the property of light waves illustrated in the diagram below?
- A.
Some materials absorb light waves
- B.
Some materials reflect light waves
- C.
Light waves are refracted by some materials
- D.
Light waves are emitted by some materials
Correct Answer
C. Light waves are refracted by some materialsExplanation
The diagram shows a light wave passing through a material and changing direction. This phenomenon is known as refraction, which occurs when light waves travel from one medium to another with a different refractive index. Therefore, the statement "Light waves are refracted by some materials" best describes the property of light waves illustrated in the diagram.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which diagram represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
B. BExplanation
Diagram B represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength. This can be determined by comparing the wavelengths of the waves in each diagram. In Diagram B, the distance between the peaks of the waves is the shortest, indicating a shorter wavelength.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The picture below shows a ringing bell inside a vacuum jar. As air is pumped from the vacuum jar, the sound level of the ringing bell will decrease until it can no longer be heard. This happens because air must be present in the jar in order for
- A.
Sound to be transferred
- B.
Electricity to flow through the wires
- C.
The rubber to seal the jar
- D.
The bell clanger to vibrate
Correct Answer
A. Sound to be transferredExplanation
When air is pumped out of the vacuum jar, the sound level of the ringing bell will decrease and eventually become inaudible. This is because sound requires a medium, such as air, to travel through. In the absence of air in the jar, there is no medium for the sound waves to propagate, resulting in the decrease and eventual disappearance of the sound.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A common characteristic of sound waves is that they
- A.
Are created by vibrations
- B.
Travel in straight lines toward the source
- C.
Travel fastest through empty space
- D.
Move at the speed of light
Correct Answer
A. Are created by vibrationsExplanation
Sound waves are created by vibrations because sound is a mechanical wave that requires a medium, such as air, water, or solids, to propagate. When an object vibrates, it causes the surrounding particles of the medium to vibrate, creating a disturbance that travels as a sound wave. This vibration of particles is what allows sound waves to be produced and transmitted from a source to a receiver.Rate this question:
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- 24.
When a person speaks into a telephone, sound energy is changed mostly into which form of energy?
- A.
Heat
- B.
Light
- C.
Electrical
- D.
Chemical
Correct Answer
C. ElectricalExplanation
When a person speaks into a telephone, the sound energy produced by their voice is converted mostly into electrical energy. This is because the sound waves created by the person's voice cause the microphone in the telephone to vibrate. These vibrations are then converted into electrical signals, which are transmitted through the telephone wires to the receiver. The electrical signals are then converted back into sound waves, allowing the person on the other end of the line to hear the speaker's voice.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Chemical and physical changes are a part of everyday life. What are 2 ways that humans use chemical changes and physical changes to their advantage? (Use RAFFT or any short response technique to answer this quesiton in the space provided)
.png "The diagram below shows the geometric structure of a molecule of water (H2O).
What do the symbols and represent in the model?")
.png "Which graph correctly shows the effect of heat energy on the motion of molecules of matter?")
.jpg "How is heat energy transferred within the liquid water in the pond?")
.png "Which statement best describes the property of light waves illustrated in the diagram below?")
.png "Which diagram represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength?")
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