Microbiology Exam Hardest Trivia Questions! Quiz
How well have you understood all the topics you have covered in microbiology so far, and there is much that you get to know when it comes to the topics? Do you think that you can handle all of them at once and stand a chance to be different from all the rest who took it and didn’t get them all right?
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Harvest energy from sunlight
- A.
Fermentation
- B.
Anaerobic
- C.
Aerobic
- D.
Phototroph
Correct Answer
D. PhototrophExplanation
Phototrophs are organisms that can harvest energy from sunlight to carry out their metabolic processes. They are capable of using the energy from sunlight to convert inorganic substances into organic compounds through the process of photosynthesis. This allows them to produce their own food and energy. In contrast, fermentation is a metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, while aerobic organisms require oxygen to carry out their metabolic processes. Therefore, the correct answer, phototroph, is the only option that directly relates to the ability to harvest energy from sunlight.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Obtains carbon from CO2
- A.
Photoheterotroph
- B.
Photoautotroph
- C.
Phototroph
Correct Answer
B. PhotoautotrophExplanation
A photoautotroph is an organism that can produce its own organic compounds using energy from sunlight. This process involves obtaining carbon from carbon dioxide (CO2) through photosynthesis. Therefore, the given correct answer "photoautotroph" is appropriate as it describes an organism that obtains carbon from CO2.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Obtains carbon from organic compounds
- A.
Photoautotroph
- B.
Phototroph
- C.
Photoheterotroph
Correct Answer
C. PhotoheterotrophExplanation
A photoheterotroph is an organism that obtains energy from sunlight (photo-) but relies on organic compounds for its source of carbon (-heterotroph). This means that it cannot produce its own organic compounds through photosynthesis like a photoautotroph, but instead relies on consuming organic matter from its environment. Therefore, a photoheterotroph obtains carbon from organic compounds.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Phototroph that does not produce O2
- A.
Chemotroph
- B.
Anoxygenic phototroph
- C.
Oxygenic phototroph
Correct Answer
B. Anoxygenic phototrophExplanation
Anoxygenic phototrophs are organisms that can perform photosynthesis but do not produce oxygen as a byproduct. They use light energy to convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds, but instead of using water as a source of electrons, they use other molecules such as hydrogen sulfide or organic compounds. This process is different from oxygenic phototrophs, which produce oxygen through photosynthesis. Chemotrophs, on the other hand, obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic or organic compounds, but they do not perform photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answer for a phototroph that does not produce oxygen is an anoxygenic phototroph.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Phototroph that produces O2
- A.
Oxygenic phototroph
- B.
Anoxygenic phototroph
- C.
Phototroph
Correct Answer
A. Oxygenic phototrophExplanation
An oxygenic phototroph is a type of organism that uses light energy to produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. This means that it is capable of generating oxygen gas (O2) as a result of its photosynthetic process. Other types of phototrophs, such as anoxygenic phototrophs, do not produce oxygen during photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is "Oxygenic phototroph" because it specifically refers to a phototroph that produces O2.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Harvests evergy by oxidizing chemicals
- A.
Chemoorganotroph
- B.
Chemotroph
- C.
Aerobic
Correct Answer
B. ChemotrophExplanation
A chemotroph is an organism that obtains energy by oxidizing chemicals. This process is known as chemosynthesis. Chemotrophs can obtain energy from various sources such as organic compounds or inorganic substances. They do not rely on sunlight for energy production, unlike phototrophs. Therefore, a chemotroph is the correct answer as it accurately describes an organism that harvests energy by oxidizing chemicals.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Oxidizes inorganic chemical
- A.
Chemolithotroph
- B.
Fermentation
- C.
Chemoorganotroph
Correct Answer
A. ChemolithotrophExplanation
A chemolithotroph is an organism that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic chemicals. This process is known as chemolithotrophy. Unlike chemoorganotrophs, which obtain energy from organic compounds through fermentation, chemolithotrophs derive their energy from inorganic sources. Therefore, the correct answer is chemolithotroph.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Oxidizes organic chemicals
- A.
Oxygeic phototroph
- B.
Chemoorganotroph
- C.
Chemolithotroph
Correct Answer
B. ChemoorganotrophExplanation
A chemoorganotroph is an organism that obtains energy by breaking down organic compounds through chemical reactions. In this case, the organism oxidizes organic chemicals to obtain energy. This process involves the use of oxygen, making it an oxidative reaction. Therefore, the correct answer is chemoorganotroph.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Uses O2 as terminal electron acceptor
- A.
Aerobic respiration
- B.
Anaerobic respiration
- C.
Fermentation
Correct Answer
A. Aerobic respirationExplanation
Aerobic respiration is the process by which cells use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. This process occurs in the presence of oxygen and is more efficient than anaerobic respiration or fermentation. In aerobic respiration, glucose is broken down completely, producing carbon dioxide, water, and a large amount of ATP. This process is essential for organisms that require a high amount of energy, such as humans.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Uses another terminal electron acceptor besides O2
- A.
Fermentation
- B.
Anaerobic
- C.
Aerobic
Correct Answer
B. AnaerobicExplanation
Anaerobic refers to a process that occurs without the presence of oxygen. In fermentation, organisms break down organic compounds to produce energy in the absence of oxygen. During this process, a different terminal electron acceptor, other than oxygen, is used to complete the electron transport chain. Therefore, the statement "Uses another terminal electron acceptor besides O2" is characteristic of anaerobic processes like fermentation.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Not respiration (no electron chain), uses organic compound as electron acceptor
- A.
Phototroph
- B.
Fermentation
- C.
Anaerobic
Correct Answer
B. FermentationExplanation
Fermentation is the correct answer because it involves the breakdown of organic compounds without the use of an electron transport chain. In fermentation, organic compounds serve as the final electron acceptor instead. This process occurs in the absence of oxygen, making it an anaerobic process. Therefore, fermentation fits the given description of not involving respiration and using organic compounds as electron acceptors.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Many anerobic organsism are intolerant of O2
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Many anaerobic organisms are intolerant of O2 because they lack the necessary enzymes and metabolic pathways to utilize oxygen for energy production. Oxygen is toxic to these organisms and can cause cellular damage or death. Therefore, they have adapted to survive in environments with little to no oxygen, such as deep-sea sediments or the digestive tracts of animals.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Chemolithotrophs oxidize reduced inorganic chemicals to produce energy, use alternate terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen what are they
- A.
Carbon dioxide
- B.
Sodium
- C.
Sulfur
- D.
Oxygen
- E.
Both A and C are correct
Correct Answer
E. Both A and C are correctExplanation
Chemolithotrophs are organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing reduced inorganic chemicals. They use an alternate terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen, which can be either carbon dioxide or sulfur. Therefore, both options A and C are correct as they represent the alternate terminal electron acceptors used by chemolithotrophs.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Members of Domain Archaea, produce energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas and using carbon dioxide as terminal electron (this process creates methane and water)
- A.
Fermentation
- B.
Anaerobic respiration
- C.
Methanogens
- D.
Chemmoorganotrophs
Correct Answer
C. MethanogensExplanation
Methanogens are a group of microorganisms belonging to the domain Archaea that produce energy through a process called methanogenesis. They oxidize hydrogen gas and use carbon dioxide as a terminal electron acceptor, resulting in the production of methane and water. Methanogens are known for their ability to thrive in anaerobic environments and play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle by producing methane, a potent greenhouse gas.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Methanogens commonly found in sewage, swams, marien sediments and digestive tract of mammals
- A.
False
- B.
True
Correct Answer
B. TrueExplanation
Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane gas as a byproduct of their metabolism. They are known to be commonly found in various environments such as sewage, swamps, marine sediments, and the digestive tracts of mammals. Therefore, the statement that methanogens are commonly found in these locations is true.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Methanogens are not highly sensitive to oxygen (anerobic chambers used for cultivation)
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
methanogens are highly sensitive to oxygen (anerobic chambers used for cultivation)Rate this question:
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- 17.
Some anaerobic chemoorganotrophs produce ATP via _________________________ through the oxidation of organic molecules (use terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen sulfur and sulfate are common)
- A.
Fermentation
- B.
Anaerobic respiration
- C.
Methanogens
Correct Answer
B. Anaerobic respirationExplanation
Some anaerobic chemoorganotrophs produce ATP via anaerobic respiration through the oxidation of organic molecules. This process involves the use of a terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen, with sulfur and sulfate being common examples. Fermentation is another process that can produce ATP in the absence of oxygen, but it does not involve the use of a terminal electron acceptor. Methanogens, on the other hand, produce ATP through a different process called methanogenesis, which is not related to the oxidation of organic molecules.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Other anaerobic chemoorganotrophs produce energy through fermentation
- A.
Use terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen
- B.
Produce energy though substrate phosphorylation only
- C.
Produce energy
Correct Answer
B. Produce energy though substrate phosphorylation onlyExplanation
This answer is incorrect. Other anaerobic chemoorganotrophs do not produce energy through substrate phosphorylation only. They also use a terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen, such as nitrate or sulfate, to produce energy through anaerobic respiration. Fermentation is another way in which anaerobic chemoorganotrophs can produce energy, but it is not the only method.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Sulfur and sulfate-reducing bacteria use sulfur as terminal electron acceptors and oxidize organic material it also
- A.
Reduce it to hydrogen sulfide (responsible for rotten egg smell)
- B.
These organisms essential for sulfur cyle in ecosystem
- C.
Generally found in mud rich in organic matter and sulfur
- D.
All of the above are correct
- E.
None of the above are correct
Correct Answer
D. All of the above are correctExplanation
The statement "All of the above are correct" is the correct answer because it accurately reflects the information provided in the question. The question states that sulfur and sulfate-reducing bacteria use sulfur as terminal electron acceptors and oxidize organic material, while also reducing it to hydrogen sulfide. It also states that these organisms are essential for the sulfur cycle in ecosystems and are generally found in mud rich in organic matter and sulfur. Therefore, all of the statements mentioned in the answer are correct.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Some anaerobes use fermentation to obtain energy and what else is true
- A.
Members of genus Clostridium are Gram-positive
- B.
Produce endospores
- C.
Common inhabitant of soil
- D.
All of the above are correct
- E.
Only A and B are correct
Correct Answer
D. All of the above are correctExplanation
The correct answer is "all of the above are correct." This means that all of the statements mentioned in the question are true. Anaerobes can use fermentation to obtain energy, members of the genus Clostridium are Gram-positive, and they produce endospores. Additionally, they are common inhabitants of soil.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Some anaerobes use fermentation to obtain energy, members of genus Clostridium are Gram-positive rods, ferment a wide variety of compounds in process of putrefaction. What are they (check all that applies)
- A.
Sugars
- B.
Cellulose
- C.
Amino acid
- D.
Carbohydrates
- E.
Glucose
Correct Answer(s)
A. Sugars
B. Cellulose
C. Amino acidExplanation
Members of the genus Clostridium are Gram-positive rods that can ferment a wide variety of compounds in the process of putrefaction. This means that they can obtain energy through fermentation. Fermentation typically involves the breakdown of sugars, cellulose, and amino acids, so these compounds are suitable sources of energy for Clostridium bacteria. Glucose is a type of sugar, so it can also be fermented by Clostridium bacteria. Carbohydrates, in general, can be broken down into sugars and thus can also serve as a source of energy for these bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Are Gram-positive organism that produce latic acid as an end product of fermentation...
- A.
Lactic base bacteria
- B.
Lactic acid bacteria
- C.
Obligate fermenters
Correct Answer
B. Lactic acid bacteriaExplanation
Lactic acid bacteria are Gram-positive organisms that produce lactic acid as an end product of fermentation. They are commonly found in dairy products and are responsible for the sour taste in yogurt and cheese. These bacteria are considered obligate fermenters as they rely on fermentation for energy production.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Most organisms of this group can grow in aerobic environments but are obligate fermenters
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Most organisms of this group can grow in aerobic environments but are obligate fermenters. This means that while they have the ability to grow in the presence of oxygen, they primarily rely on fermentation for energy production. Fermentation is an anaerobic process that does not require oxygen. Therefore, although these organisms can survive in aerobic environments, they prefer and rely on fermentation as their primary metabolic pathway.Rate this question:
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- 24.
(Group A streptococcus) pharyngitis (strep throat), rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, and streptococcal toxic shock
- A.
S. pyogenes
- B.
S. agalactae
- C.
S. pneumoniae
- D.
S. mutans and other viridans streptococci
Correct Answer
A. S. pyogenesExplanation
S. pyogenes is the correct answer because it is the only bacterium listed that is associated with all the mentioned conditions: pharyngitis (strep throat), rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, and streptococcal toxic shock. S. agalactae is primarily associated with infections in newborns, S. pneumoniae is associated with pneumonia and other respiratory infections, and S. mutans and other viridans streptococci are associated with dental caries and other oral infections.Rate this question:
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- 25.
(Group B streptococcus) colonize vaginal tract so some women and can cause neonatal meningitis and sepsis
- A.
S. pyogenes
- B.
S. pneumoniae
- C.
S. agalactiae
- D.
S. mutans and other viridans streptococci
Correct Answer
C. S. agalactiaeExplanation
Group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae) is the correct answer because it is known to colonize the vaginal tract in some women. This colonization can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to newborns during childbirth, potentially causing neonatal meningitis and sepsis. S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, and other viridans streptococci do not typically colonize the vaginal tract and are not associated with neonatal meningitis and sepsis in the same way as Group B streptococcus.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Pneumonia and meningitis
- A.
S. pneumoniae
- B.
S. mutans and other viridans streptococci
- C.
S. pyogenes
- D.
S. agalactiae
Correct Answer
A. S. pneumoniaeExplanation
The correct answer is S. pneumoniae because it is the causative agent for both pneumonia and meningitis. S. pneumoniae is a common bacterium that can cause infections in the respiratory tract, leading to pneumonia. It can also invade the bloodstream and reach the meninges, causing meningitis. S. mutans and other viridans streptococci are commonly found in the oral cavity and can cause dental caries but are not typically associated with pneumonia or meningitis. S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae can cause various infections, but they are not commonly associated with pneumonia or meningitis.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Dental caries, can lead to infectious endocarditis
- A.
S. pneumoniae
- B.
S. agalactiae
- C.
S. pyogenes
- D.
S. mutans and other viridans streptococci
Correct Answer
D. S. mutans and other viridans streptococciExplanation
Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, is caused by the buildup of plaque on the teeth. If left untreated, the bacteria in the plaque can enter the bloodstream and cause infections in other parts of the body, including the heart. Infectious endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. S. mutans and other viridans streptococci are bacteria commonly found in the mouth and are known to contribute to the development of dental caries. Therefore, these bacteria can potentially lead to infectious endocarditis if dental caries is not properly treated.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Streptococcus spp. do not have catalase, major distinguishing test
- A.
False
- B.
True
Correct Answer
B. TrueExplanation
Streptococcus spp. do not produce catalase, which is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. This is a major distinguishing characteristic of Streptococcus bacteria, as other bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp. do produce catalase. Therefore, the statement "Streptococcus spp. do not have catalase" is true.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Formally included in Streptococcus genes (group D), normal flora of the gut, can cause urinary, biliary, and cardiovascular infections
- A.
Enterococi
- B.
Lactobacillus
- C.
Lactococcus
Correct Answer
A. EnterocociExplanation
Enterococci are formally included in the Streptococcus group D genes and are part of the normal flora of the gut. They have the ability to cause various infections including urinary, biliary, and cardiovascular infections. This makes them a potential pathogen and highlights their significance in healthcare-associated infections.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Normal flora of mouth, colon, and female genital tract, main source of lactic acid in the vagina (low pH), may play a role in dental caries, production of fermented foods (yogurt)
- A.
Enterococci
- B.
Lactobacillus
- C.
Lactococcus
Correct Answer
B. LactobacillusExplanation
Lactobacillus is the correct answer because it is a type of bacteria that is commonly found in the normal flora of the mouth, colon, and female genital tract. It is known to produce lactic acid, which helps maintain a low pH in the vagina. Lactobacillus may also play a role in dental caries and is involved in the production of fermented foods like yogurt.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Fermented milk products (yogurt, cheese )
- A.
Lactococcus
- B.
Lactobacillus
- C.
Enterococci
Correct Answer
A. LactococcusExplanation
Lactococcus is the correct answer because it is a genus of bacteria commonly found in fermented milk products such as yogurt and cheese. This genus is known for its ability to ferment lactose, producing lactic acid as a byproduct. Lactococcus bacteria play a crucial role in the production of these dairy products, contributing to their characteristic flavor and texture.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Propionibacterium species are Gram positive rods, organisms produce propionic acid as end product of fermentation (essential in the production of Swiss cheese, These organisms can also ferment lactic acid) can extract residual energy from waste product (lactic acid) of other organisms
- A.
Anaerobic Chemotrophs
- B.
Anoxygenic Phototrophs
- C.
Oxygenic Phototrophs
Correct Answer
A. Anaerobic ChemotrophsExplanation
Propionibacterium species are classified as anaerobic chemotrophs because they obtain energy through the process of fermentation. They produce propionic acid as a byproduct of fermentation, which is essential in the production of Swiss cheese. These organisms can also ferment lactic acid, allowing them to extract residual energy from the waste product of other organisms. Therefore, they are able to survive and thrive in anaerobic environments by utilizing chemical energy sources.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Likely the first photosynthesizing organisms on earth, oxidize hydrogen sulfide or organic molecules when making NADPH (don't generate O2), many organisms inhabit restricted ecological niche with sunlight but no O2 (aquatic habitats such as bogs, lakes and upper layers of mud, includes purple bacteria and green bacteria
- A.
Anoxygenic Phototrophs
- B.
Oxygenic Phototrophs
- C.
Anaerobic Chemotrophs
Correct Answer
A. Anoxygenic PhototrophsExplanation
Anoxygenic phototrophs are likely the first photosynthesizing organisms on Earth. They do not generate oxygen during the process of photosynthesis, but instead oxidize hydrogen sulfide or organic molecules to produce NADPH. These organisms are able to inhabit environments with limited oxygen, such as aquatic habitats like bogs, lakes, and upper layers of mud. Examples of anoxygenic phototrophs include purple bacteria and green bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Gram- appear red, orange or purple due to pigments used in photosynthesis
- A.
Purple sulfur bacteria
- B.
Purple bacteria
- C.
Purple non-sulfur bacteria
Correct Answer
B. Purple bacteriaExplanation
Purple bacteria appear red, orange, or purple due to the pigments they use in photosynthesis. These pigments, such as bacteriochlorophylls, absorb light in the red and blue regions of the spectrum and reflect or transmit light in the green region, giving them their purple color. This allows them to carry out photosynthesis using light energy. Purple bacteria are a type of bacteria that can be found in various environments, including freshwater and marine habitats. They are capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis, which means they do not produce oxygen as a byproduct.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Found in sulfur-rich springs, prefer hydronge sulfide to generate reducing power, most are strict anaerobes, some can grow aerobically and in absence of light
- A.
Purple bacteria
- B.
Purple sulfur bacteria
- C.
Purple non-sulfur bacteria
Correct Answer
B. Purple sulfur bacteriaExplanation
Purple sulfur bacteria are found in sulfur-rich springs and prefer hydrogen sulfide to generate reducing power. They are mostly strict anaerobes, but some can also grow aerobically and in the absence of light. This description matches the characteristics of purple sulfur bacteria, making it the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Found in moist soil, bogs, paddy fields, prefer organic molecules to generate reducing power, ost can grow aerobically and in absence of light
- A.
Purple non-sulfur bacteria
- B.
Purple bacteria
- C.
Purple sulfur bacteria
Correct Answer
A. Purple non-sulfur bacteriaExplanation
Purple non-sulfur bacteria are able to grow in moist soil, bogs, and paddy fields, as stated in the question. They prefer organic molecules to generate reducing power, which is a characteristic of these bacteria. Additionally, they can grow aerobically and in the absence of light. Purple bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria may also have similar characteristics, but the specific mention of "non-sulfur" in the answer indicates that the correct answer is purple non-sulfur bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Gram-, typically green or brown
- A.
Green bacteria
- B.
Green sulfur bacteria
- C.
Green non-sulfur
Correct Answer
A. Green bacteriaExplanation
The given options are different types of bacteria that are typically Gram-negative and can be green or brown in color. Out of the options provided, "Green bacteria" is the most general term that encompasses all types of green or brown Gram-negative bacteria. The other options, "Green sulfur bacteria" and "Green non-sulfur bacteria," refer to specific subgroups of green bacteria that have additional characteristics related to their sulfur metabolism. Therefore, "Green bacteria" is the correct answer as it includes all types of Gram-negative bacteria that can be green or brown.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Found in sulfur-rich habitats use hydrogen sulfide to generate reducing power, have gas vesicles, all are strict anaerobes
- A.
Green non-sulfur
- B.
Green bacteria
- C.
Green sulfur bacteria
Correct Answer
C. Green sulfur bacteriaExplanation
Green sulfur bacteria are found in sulfur-rich habitats and use hydrogen sulfide to generate reducing power. They also have gas vesicles, which enable them to float in water. Additionally, they are strict anaerobes, meaning they cannot survive in the presence of oxygen. Therefore, based on the given information, the correct answer is green sulfur bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Filamentous growth, use organic molecules to generate reducing power, can grow aerobically and in absence of light
- A.
Green bacteria
- B.
Green non-sulfur bacteria
- C.
Green sulfur bacteria
Correct Answer
B. Green non-sulfur bacteriaExplanation
Green non-sulfur bacteria are able to grow aerobically and in the absence of light. They have filamentous growth and use organic molecules to generate reducing power. Green sulfur bacteria, on the other hand, are unable to grow aerobically and require light for growth. Therefore, the correct answer is green non-sulfur bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Photosynthetic bacteria that use water as source of electrons, oxidation of water liberates oxygen, cyanobacteria though to be earliest oxygenic phototrophs, converted early atmosphere to O2 due to photosynthesis, Cyanobacteria act as primary producers (harvest sunlight to produce organic compounds through conversion of carbon dioxide)
- A.
Oxygenic Phototrophs
- B.
Anaerobic Chemotrophs
- C.
Anoxygenic Phototrophs
Correct Answer
A. Oxygenic PhototrophsExplanation
Oxygenic phototrophs are able to use water as a source of electrons during photosynthesis, which results in the liberation of oxygen. Cyanobacteria, which are thought to be the earliest oxygenic phototrophs, played a crucial role in converting the early atmosphere to oxygen through photosynthesis. They act as primary producers by harvesting sunlight and converting carbon dioxide into organic compounds. Anaerobic chemotrophs and anoxygenic phototrophs, on the other hand, do not produce oxygen as a byproduct of their metabolic processes.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Morphologically diverse (chains, singel cells, mats), wide range of environments (Aquatic, terrestrial), chloroplasts of plant likely evolved, nitrogen fixation, convert nitrogen gas to ammonia, extremely important, only bacteria can do this, converts inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen without which all life would cease to exist, nitrogenase is extremely sensitive to O2 usually maintained in heterocysts
- A.
Bacteria
- B.
Cyanobacteria
- C.
Sulfur-Oxidizing bacteria
Correct Answer
B. CyanobacteriaExplanation
Cyanobacteria is the correct answer because the given information states that they are morphologically diverse, can be found in a wide range of environments (aquatic and terrestrial), and have chloroplasts that likely evolved from plants. Additionally, cyanobacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation, which is the process of converting nitrogen gas to ammonia. This is an extremely important function as it converts inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen, which is essential for all life to exist. The information also mentions that nitrogenase, the enzyme responsible for nitrogen fixation, is sensitive to oxygen and is usually maintained in heterocysts, which are specialized cells found in cyanobacteria.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Obtain envergy oxidizing inorganic chemicals, use oxygen as terminal electron acceptor
- A.
Oxygenic Phototrophs
- B.
Aerobic Chemolithotrophs
- C.
Aerobic Chemoorganotrophs
Correct Answer
B. Aerobic ChemolithotrophsExplanation
Aerobic chemolithotrophs obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic chemicals and use oxygen as their terminal electron acceptor. This means that they can derive energy from inorganic compounds such as ammonia or sulfur compounds, and they require oxygen to carry out this process. Unlike oxygenic phototrophs, which use light energy to produce ATP, and aerobic chemoorganotrophs, which obtain energy from organic compounds, aerobic chemolithotrophs have the unique ability to utilize inorganic chemicals and oxygen for energy production.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Obtain energy though oxidation of reduced sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur and thiosulfate, produce sulfuric acid
- A.
Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Gram-)
- B.
Filamentous sulfur oxidizers
- C.
Unicellular sulfur oxidizers
Correct Answer
A. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Gram-)Explanation
Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Gram-) obtain energy by oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, and thiosulfate. This process releases energy that the bacteria can use for their metabolic activities. Additionally, these bacteria also produce sulfuric acid as a byproduct of their sulfur oxidation process. This acidification of the environment can have significant ecological impacts. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are classified as Gram-negative bacteria, which refers to the structure of their cell walls.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Sulfur springs, sewage polluted waters accumulate sulfur in granules, cause 'bulking" in sewage treatment
- A.
Unicellular sulfur oxidizers
- B.
Filamentous sulfur oxidizers
- C.
Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria
Correct Answer
B. Filamentous sulfur oxidizersExplanation
Filamentous sulfur oxidizers are the correct answer because they are bacteria that can oxidize sulfur compounds. In the given context, sulfur springs and sewage polluted waters accumulate sulfur in granules, causing "bulking" in sewage treatment. Filamentous sulfur oxidizers are known to form filamentous structures that contribute to the bulking problem in sewage treatment plants. Therefore, they play a role in the accumulation of sulfur and the subsequent issues in sewage treatment.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Terrestrial and aquatic enviornments, bioleaching through oxidation of metal sulfides produces sulfuric acid and liquid metal, serious negative environmetnal consequences, toxic runoff
- A.
Filamentous sulfur oxidizers
- B.
Unicellular sulfur oxidizers
- C.
Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria
Correct Answer
B. Unicellular sulfur oxidizersExplanation
Unicellular sulfur oxidizers are the correct answer because they are capable of oxidizing sulfur compounds in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. They play a crucial role in bioleaching, where they oxidize metal sulfides to produce sulfuric acid and liquid metal. However, the process of bioleaching can have serious negative environmental consequences, such as toxic runoff. Unicellular sulfur oxidizers are able to carry out this process efficiently and contribute to the production of sulfuric acid, which can have detrimental effects on the environment.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen, important in the breakdown of ammonia-containing waste, overgrowth in nitrogen-polluted waters can cause hypoxia
- A.
Nitrifiers (G-)
- B.
Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (G-)
Correct Answer
A. Nitrifiers (G-)Explanation
Nitrifiers (G-) obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen, which is important in the breakdown of ammonia-containing waste. They play a crucial role in nitrogen cycling and are responsible for converting ammonia into nitrite and then into nitrate. However, excessive growth of nitrifiers in nitrogen-polluted waters can lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem, causing hypoxia (low oxygen levels) due to increased oxygen consumption during the oxidation process.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Ammonia oxidizers
- A.
Ammonia-----> nitrite
- B.
Nitrite----> nitrate
Correct Answer
A. Ammonia-----> nitriteExplanation
Ammonia oxidizers are microorganisms that convert ammonia into nitrite through a process called nitrification. This conversion is an important step in the nitrogen cycle, as it transforms toxic ammonia into a less harmful form. Nitrite is then further converted into nitrate by other microorganisms, completing the nitrification process. Therefore, the correct answer is ammonia to nitrite, as it represents the first step in the conversion of ammonia to nitrate.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Nitrite oxidizers
- A.
Ammonia -----> nitrite
- B.
Nitrite -----> nitrate
Correct Answer
B. Nitrite -----> nitrateExplanation
Nitrite oxidizers are organisms that convert nitrite into nitrate. In the given question, it is stated that nitrite is converted into nitrate. Therefore, the correct answer is nitrite -----> nitrate, as it aligns with the information provided.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Obtain envery by oxidizing hydrogen, tend to be thermophilic (hot springs), some members thrive at 95 degrees
- A.
Nitrifiers (G-)
- B.
Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (G-)
Correct Answer
B. Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (G-)Explanation
Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria are able to obtain energy by oxidizing hydrogen. They are known to be thermophilic, meaning they thrive in hot springs and can tolerate high temperatures, such as 95 degrees. This group of bacteria belongs to the Gram-negative bacteria, which are characterized by their cell wall structure. Therefore, the correct answer is hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (G-).Rate this question:
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- 50.
Obtain energy by oxidizing organic compounds use oxygen as terminal electron acceptor, tremendous variety of organisms
- A.
Aerobic Chemoorganotrophs
- B.
Aerobic Chemolithotrophs
- C.
Oxygenic Phototrophs
Correct Answer
A. Aerobic ChemoorganotrophsExplanation
Aerobic chemoorganotrophs obtain energy by oxidizing organic compounds and use oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. This means that they break down organic molecules, such as sugars or fats, in the presence of oxygen to release energy. These organisms are able to utilize a wide range of organic compounds as a fuel source, allowing for a tremendous variety of organisms to be classified as aerobic chemoorganotrophs.Rate this question:
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Feb 18, 2010Quiz Created by
Ekanye
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