Biology: Are You Ready To Take The DNA Quiz?
This quiz is to help me study for an exam
- 1.
What is the genetic material for all living organisms?
- A.
RNA
- B.
MRNA
- C.
DNA
- D.
Proteins
Correct Answer
C. DNAExplanation
DNA is the genetic material for all living organisms. It carries the instructions needed for the development, functioning, and reproduction of organisms. DNA contains the genetic code that determines the traits and characteristics of an organism. It is composed of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA, and it is responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information from one generation to the next. DNA is found in the nucleus of cells and in some organelles, such as mitochondria, and it is essential for the survival and diversity of all living organisms.Rate this question:
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- 2.
DNA is a double helix molecule consisting of two "backbone" chains of what?
- A.
Ribosomes and sugar
- B.
Sugar and nucleotides
- C.
Sugar and phosphate
- D.
Phosphate and hydrogen bonds
Correct Answer
C. Sugar and phosphateExplanation
DNA is a double helix molecule consisting of two "backbone" chains. These chains are made up of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, and the phosphate groups are responsible for connecting the sugars together. This sugar-phosphate backbone provides stability and structure to the DNA molecule.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The chains that are linked by pairs in DNA is what?
- A.
Nucleotide bases
- B.
Hydrogen bases
- C.
Chemical bases
- D.
Acid bases
Correct Answer
A. Nucleotide basesExplanation
The chains that are linked by pairs in DNA are called nucleotide bases. These bases, namely adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, form the building blocks of DNA and are responsible for the genetic information encoded within the molecule. Each base pairs with a complementary base on the opposite strand, forming the characteristic double helix structure of DNA. Hydrogen bases, chemical bases, and acid bases are not accurate terms to describe the pairing of chains in DNA.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What are sequences of bases in DNA that contain the code for the contruction of protein molecules?
- A.
Geneome
- B.
Traits
- C.
Phenotype
- D.
Genes
Correct Answer
D. GenesExplanation
Genes are sequences of bases in DNA that contain the code for the construction of protein molecules. They are the fundamental units of heredity and play a crucial role in determining an organism's traits and characteristics. Genes are responsible for encoding the instructions that guide the synthesis of proteins, which are essential for various biological processes and functions within an organism. Therefore, genes are the correct answer to the question.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Only a small fraction of the DNA ub eukaryotes consists of protein-coding genes.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because in eukaryotes, only a small portion of their DNA is made up of protein-coding genes. The majority of the DNA in eukaryotes consists of non-coding regions, which play roles in gene regulation, chromatin structure, and other cellular processes. This non-coding DNA includes introns, repetitive sequences, and regulatory elements. Therefore, the statement accurately reflects the fact that protein-coding genes make up only a small fraction of the DNA in eukaryotes.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A person DNA is carried in?
- A.
Muscle cells
- B.
Hair
- C.
Saliva
- D.
Skin
- E.
All of the above contain a person's DNA
Correct Answer
E. All of the above contain a person's DNAExplanation
All of the mentioned options (muscle cells, hair, saliva, and skin) contain a person's DNA. DNA is present in the nucleus of every cell in the human body, including muscle cells, hair follicles, cells in the saliva, and cells in the skin. Therefore, all of these options carry a person's DNA.Rate this question:
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- 7.
- Which of the following are always the same in every DNA molecule?
- A.
The sugar
- B.
The base
- C.
The phosphate group
- D.
Only a and b are always the same
- E.
Only a and c are always the same
Correct Answer
E. Only a and c are always the sameExplanation
The sugar and the phosphate group are always the same in every DNA molecule. The sugar in DNA is always deoxyribose, and the phosphate group is always a phosphate molecule. However, the bases in DNA can vary, as there are four different bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Therefore, only options a and c are always the same in every DNA molecule.Rate this question:
- 8.
- The full set of an individual organism's DNA is called its:
- A.
Complement
- B.
Genome
- C.
Nucleotide
- D.
Chromosomes
- E.
Nucleosome
Correct Answer
B. GenomeExplanation
The full set of an individual organism's DNA is called its genome. The genome contains all of the genetic information necessary for the development and functioning of that organism. It includes all of the genes, as well as non-coding regions of DNA. The genome is unique to each individual and is responsible for determining their traits and characteristics.Rate this question:
- 9.
In human, genes make up ____ of the DNA?
- A.
About 75%
- B.
100%
- C.
Less than 5%
- D.
About 50%
Correct Answer
C. Less than 5%Explanation
In humans, genes make up less than 5% of the DNA. This means that the majority of our DNA does not code for genes and is often referred to as non-coding DNA. Non-coding DNA has various functions such as regulating gene expression, controlling chromosome structure, and playing a role in the evolution of species. The small percentage of DNA that does code for genes contains the instructions for making proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of our bodies.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Genotype is to phenotype as:
- A.
Cookie is to oven
- B.
Cookie is to recipe
- C.
Recipe is to cookie
- D.
Oven is to cookie
Correct Answer
C. Recipe is to cookieExplanation
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the physical characteristics that result from that genetic makeup. Similarly, a recipe is the set of instructions that determine how a cookie is made, while the cookie itself is the end product. Therefore, the relationship between genotype and phenotype can be compared to the relationship between a recipe and a cookie.Rate this question:
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- 11.
To start the transciption process a large molecule ___, recognizes a _____.
- A.
DNA polymerase; messenger RNA
- B.
RNA polymerase; promoter site
- C.
RNA polymerase: messenger RNA
- D.
DNA polymerase; promoter site
Correct Answer
B. RNA polymerase; promoter siteExplanation
RNA polymerase is responsible for initiating the transcription process by recognizing a promoter site on the DNA molecule. The promoter site is a specific sequence of nucleotides that signals the start of a gene. Once RNA polymerase binds to the promoter site, it begins to unwind the DNA double helix and synthesize a complementary RNA strand using the DNA template. Therefore, the correct answer is RNA polymerase; promoter site.Rate this question:
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- 12.
During transcriptionm at the point at which the DNA strand being copied has adenine a(n) ____ is added to the ____.
- A.
Uracil; mRNA
- B.
Thymine; tRNA
- C.
Uracil; tRNA
- D.
Adenine; mRNA
Correct Answer
A. Uracil; mRNAExplanation
During transcription, the DNA strand being copied is used as a template to synthesize a complementary mRNA molecule. In RNA, uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) as a complementary base to adenine (A). Therefore, when the DNA strand has adenine, uracil is added to the mRNA molecule being synthesized.Rate this question:
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- 13.
There are diffferent ____ molecules for each of the 20 different amino acids that are used in building proteins?
- A.
DNA
- B.
Ribosomal subunit
- C.
MRNA
- D.
TRNA
Correct Answer
D. TRNAExplanation
tRNA molecules are responsible for carrying the specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule is specific to a particular amino acid, hence there are different tRNA molecules for each of the 20 different amino acids used in building proteins. DNA contains the genetic information for protein synthesis, mRNA carries the instructions from DNA to the ribosome, and ribosomal subunits are components of the ribosome itself.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Deletions and Substitutions are two types of point mutation. Which type is more likely to cause mistranslations of proteins?
- A.
Substitution because they shift the reading frame and cause downstream amino acids to be changed.
- B.
Deletions, because they shift the reading frame and downstream amino acids to be changed.
- C.
Deletions because one protein is deleted.
- D.
None of the above is correct
Correct Answer
B. Deletions, because they shift the reading frame and downstream amino acids to be changed.Explanation
Deletions are more likely to cause mistranslations of proteins because they shift the reading frame and result in a change in downstream amino acids. This can disrupt the proper sequence of amino acids in the protein, leading to functional changes or loss of function. Substitutions, on the other hand, involve the replacement of one nucleotide with another, which may or may not lead to a change in the amino acid sequence depending on the specific substitution. Therefore, deletions have a higher potential to cause mistranslations.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following statements about the metabolism of ethanol (which is oresent in alcoholic beverages) is incorrect?
- A.
Individuals who produce non-functioning aldehyde dehydrogenase exhibit "flash-flushing".
- B.
The process requires two enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase and isopropyl dehydrogenase
- C.
Aspirin interferes with the action of alcohol dehydrogenase
- D.
All of these are correct
Correct Answer
B. The process requires two enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase and isopropyl dehydrogenaseExplanation
The statement "The process requires two enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase and isopropyl dehydrogenase" is incorrect. The metabolism of ethanol actually requires two enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Isopropyl dehydrogenase is not involved in the metabolism of ethanol.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR):
- A.
Makes it possible to create huge numbers of copies of tiny pieces of DNA
- B.
Utilizes RNA messenger RNA molecules from small pieces of DNA
- C.
Can create messenger RNA molecules from small pieces of DNA
- D.
Enables researchers to determine the sequence of a complementary strand of DNA when they have only single-stranded DNA
Correct Answer
A. Makes it possible to create huge numbers of copies of tiny pieces of DNAExplanation
PCR is a laboratory technique that allows for the amplification of specific DNA sequences. It is achieved by repeatedly heating and cooling the DNA sample, which causes the DNA strands to separate and then replicate. This process can create millions or even billions of copies of the target DNA sequence, even if only a small amount of DNA is initially present. Therefore, the correct answer is that PCR makes it possible to create huge numbers of copies of tiny pieces of DNA.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following is not a difficulty that medicine has encountered in iits attempts to cure human diseases through gene therapy?
- A.
The transfer organism - usually a virus - may get into unintended cells and cause disease
- B.
For many diseases, a malfunctioning gene has not been identified
- C.
For many diseases, a malfunctioning gene has not been identified
- D.
All of the above difficulties encountered in attempts to cure human diseases through gene therapy.
Correct Answer
D. All of the above difficulties encountered in attempts to cure human diseases through gene therapy.Explanation
Gene therapy is a promising approach to cure human diseases, but it faces several difficulties. One of these difficulties is the risk that the transfer organism, usually a virus, may enter unintended cells and cause disease instead of treating it. Another difficulty is that for many diseases, the specific malfunctioning gene responsible has not been identified yet, making it challenging to target and correct the genetic defect. Therefore, the correct answer states that all of the mentioned difficulties are encountered in attempts to cure human diseases through gene therapy.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Golden rice:
- A.
Could help prevent blindness in the 250,000 children who lose their sight each year because of vitamin A deficiency.
- B.
Is one of the most recent developments in organic farming
- C.
Grows without a husk, thereby reducing the processing required before it can be consumed
- D.
Supplies more vitamin A in one serving than individual needs in a full week
Correct Answer
A. Could help prevent blindness in the 250,000 children who lose their sight each year because of vitamin A deficiency.Explanation
Golden rice could help prevent blindness in children with vitamin A deficiency.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following statements about Bt crytals is correct?
- A.
The gene coding for the production of Bt crystals has been genetically engineered into the genome of dairy cows
- B.
They are produced by most weedy species of plants
- C.
They are produced by soil-dwelling bacteria of the species Bacillus thuringiensis.
- D.
They are produced by the polymerase chain reaction
Correct Answer
C. They are produced by soil-dwelling bacteria of the species Bacillus thuringiensis.Explanation
Bt crystals are produced by soil-dwelling bacteria of the species Bacillus thuringiensis.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Highky repetitive sequences of DNA
- A.
Are used in biotechnology when creating a clone
- B.
Are produced when a mutation occurs in a non-sex cell
- C.
Are produced when a mutation occurs in a sperm-producing or egg-producing cell
- D.
Can be used to produce a DNA fingerprint
Correct Answer
D. Can be used to produce a DNA fingerprintExplanation
Highly repetitive sequences of DNA can be used to produce a DNA fingerprint. DNA fingerprinting is a technique that analyzes specific regions of an individual's DNA to create a unique pattern, which can be used for identification purposes. Highly repetitive sequences of DNA, such as short tandem repeats (STRs), are used in DNA fingerprinting because they are highly variable among individuals. By comparing the patterns of these repetitive sequences in different samples, it is possible to determine whether they come from the same individual or not. This makes DNA fingerprinting a valuable tool in forensic science, paternity testing, and other applications where accurate identification is required.Rate this question:
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Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
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Current Version
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Oct 11, 2012Quiz Created by
Alishacashwell93
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