Trivia Quiz On Part Of Human Body Chapter 25

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Trivia Quiz On Part Of Human Body Chapter 25 - Quiz

Water and stuff


Questions and Answers
  • 1. 

    Which hormone causes the kidneys to retain sodium and to secrete potassium?

    • A.

      ADH

    • B.

      Erythropoietin

    • C.

      Aldosterone

    • D.

      PTH

    Correct Answer
    C. Aldosterone
    Explanation
    Aldosterone is the hormone that causes the kidneys to retain sodium and secrete potassium. It is produced by the adrenal glands and plays a crucial role in regulating electrolyte balance in the body. Aldosterone promotes the reabsorption of sodium ions from the kidney tubules into the bloodstream, which helps to increase blood volume and maintain blood pressure. At the same time, it stimulates the excretion of potassium ions into the urine, helping to maintain the appropriate levels of this electrolyte in the body.

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  • 2. 

    More than 99% of this cation is stored in the bones and teeth.

    • A.

      Potassium

    • B.

      Hydrogen

    • C.

      Chloride

    • D.

      Calcium

    Correct Answer
    D. Calcium
    Explanation
    Calcium is the correct answer because it is known to be stored in bones and teeth. More than 99% of the cation, which refers to a positively charged ion, is stored in these structures. Potassium, hydrogen, and chloride do not have a significant storage presence in bones and teeth.

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  • 3. 

    This is the chief extracellular cation.

    • A.

      Chloride

    • B.

      Calcium

    • C.

      Sodium

    • D.

      Potassium

    Correct Answer
    C. Sodium
    Explanation
    Sodium is the chief extracellular cation because it is the most abundant positively charged ion found outside of cells in the body. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions. Sodium is also involved in the regulation of blood pressure and pH levels.

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  • 4. 

    This ion determines the resting membrane potential of nerve and muscle.

    • A.

      Sodium

    • B.

      Calcium

    • C.

      Hydrogen

    • D.

      Potassium

    Correct Answer
    D. Potassium
    Explanation
    Potassium is the ion that determines the resting membrane potential of nerve and muscle. This is because potassium ions play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining the electrical charge across the cell membrane. The resting membrane potential is the electrical charge difference between the inside and outside of a cell when it is at rest. Potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside, and they can freely move across the cell membrane through potassium channels. This movement of potassium ions helps to establish and maintain the negative charge inside the cell, which is essential for proper nerve and muscle function.

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  • 5. 

    Most diuretics increase urine production by blocking the effects of this cations.

    • A.

      Calcium

    • B.

      Bicarbonate

    • C.

      Chloride

    • D.

      Sodium

    Correct Answer
    D. Sodium
    Explanation
    Diuretics are medications that increase urine production. They work by blocking the effects of certain ions in the body. In this case, the correct answer is sodium. When the effects of sodium are blocked, it leads to increased urine production. Calcium, bicarbonate, and chloride are not directly involved in the mechanism of diuretics.

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  • 6. 

    Which hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb calcium and to excrete phosphate?

    • A.

      ADH

    • B.

      Aldosterone

    • C.

      Parathyroid hormone

    • D.

      Erythropoietin

    Correct Answer
    C. Parathyroid hormone
    Explanation
    Parathyroid hormone is responsible for stimulating the kidneys to reabsorb calcium and excrete phosphate. This hormone is released by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium levels. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of calcium, preventing its loss in urine, and also promotes the excretion of phosphate, helping to maintain calcium-phosphate balance in the body. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys, aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium balance, and erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production.

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  • 7. 

    Respiratory rate is most sensitive to the effects of this ion.

    • A.

      Na+

    • B.

      K+

    • C.

      H+

    • D.

      Cl-

    Correct Answer
    C. H+
    Explanation
    The respiratory rate is most sensitive to the effects of H+ ions. This is because changes in the concentration of H+ ions in the blood can affect the pH level, leading to respiratory compensation. When the blood becomes too acidic (low pH), the respiratory rate increases to eliminate excess CO2 and increase the elimination of H+ ions through exhalation. Conversely, when the blood becomes too alkaline (high pH), the respiratory rate decreases to retain CO2 and decrease the elimination of H+ ions. Therefore, H+ ions have a direct impact on the regulation of respiratory rate.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following anions buffers H+?

    • A.

      Ca2+

    • B.

      HCO-3

    • C.

      Na+

    • D.

      K+

    Correct Answer
    B. HCO-3
    Explanation
    HCO-3, or bicarbonate, is an anion that can act as a buffer for H+. It can accept or donate H+ ions depending on the pH of the solution, helping to maintain a stable pH by preventing drastic changes in acidity or alkalinity. This ability to buffer H+ ions makes HCO-3 an important component of the bicarbonate buffer system in the body, which helps regulate the pH of blood and other bodily fluids.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following is true about interstitial fluid, plasma, lymph, and transcellular fluid?

    • A.

      Contain no electrolytes

    • B.

      Protein-free fluids

    • C.

      Classified as extracellular

    • D.

      PH less than 6 (highly acidic)

    Correct Answer
    C. Classified as extracellular
    Explanation
    The given answer states that interstitial fluid, plasma, lymph, and transcellular fluid are classified as extracellular. This means that these fluids are located outside the cells in the body. They are distinct from intracellular fluid, which is found inside the cells. This classification is important in understanding the distribution and functions of these fluids within the body.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following forms the greatest extracellular fluid compartment?

    • A.

      Lymph

    • B.

      Interstitial

    • C.

      Plasma

    • D.

      Transcellular

    Correct Answer
    B. Interstitial
    Explanation
    The interstitial fluid forms the greatest extracellular fluid compartment because it surrounds and fills the spaces between cells in tissues and organs. It provides a medium for the exchange of nutrients, waste products, and signaling molecules between cells and blood vessels. Lymph is a type of extracellular fluid that is collected from the interstitial fluid, while plasma is the liquid component of blood. Transcellular fluid refers to the fluid found within specific compartments, such as the cerebrospinal fluid or synovial fluid.

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  • 11. 

       Which fluid compartment is located between the cells and is also called tissue fluid?

    • A.

      lymph

    • B.

      Plasma

    • C.

      Interstitial

    • D.

      Transcellular

    Correct Answer
    C. Interstitial
    Explanation
    The fluid compartment located between the cells and also called tissue fluid is the interstitial fluid. This fluid fills the spaces between cells in tissues and is responsible for delivering nutrients and removing waste products. It also plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of electrolytes and other substances within the body's tissues.

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  • 12. 

      Which of the following is descriptive of normal saline?

    • A.

      Distilled water

    • B.

      0.9 % sodium chloride

    • C.

      Highly acidic

    • D.

      Contains albumin

    Correct Answer
    B. 0.9 % sodium chloride
    Explanation
    Normal saline is a solution that contains 0.9% sodium chloride. It is commonly used in medical settings as a sterile solution for various purposes, such as intravenous fluid replacement. It is not distilled water, highly acidic, or contains albumin.

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  • 13. 

      Which of the following is most likely to occur when output exceeds intake?

    • A.

      Diuresis

    • B.

      Polyuria

    • C.

      Hematuria

    • D.

      Dehydration

    Correct Answer
    D. Dehydration
    Explanation
    When output exceeds intake, it means that the body is losing more fluids than it is taking in. This can lead to dehydration, which is a condition characterized by a lack of sufficient water in the body. Dehydration can cause symptoms such as dry mouth, thirst, fatigue, dizziness, and decreased urine output. Therefore, dehydration is the most likely outcome when there is an imbalance between output and intake of fluids.

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  • 14. 

    Water and chloride usually follow the movement of this cation.

    • A.

      Bicarbonate

    • B.

      Sodium

    • C.

      Potassium

    • D.

      Albumin

    Correct Answer
    B. Sodium
    Explanation
    Water and chloride ions typically move in the same direction as sodium ions. Sodium is a positively charged cation that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance and osmotic pressure in the body. It is actively transported across cell membranes, creating an electrochemical gradient that drives the movement of water and chloride ions. This movement is essential for various physiological processes, such as nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and maintenance of blood pressure. Therefore, sodium is closely associated with the movement of water and chloride ions.

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  • 15. 

    Poor skin turgor is most indicative of

    • A.

      Cystitis.

    • B.

      Acidosis.

    • C.

      Edema.

    • D.

      Dehydration.

    Correct Answer
    D. Dehydration.
    Explanation
    Poor skin turgor refers to the loss of elasticity in the skin, which is commonly seen in dehydration. When the body lacks sufficient fluids, the skin loses its ability to bounce back when pinched or pulled. This is a reliable indicator of dehydration because the body prioritizes the distribution of available fluids to vital organs, leaving the skin dehydrated. Cystitis refers to inflammation of the bladder, acidosis is a condition characterized by excessive acidity in the blood, and edema refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues. While these conditions may have other associated symptoms, they do not directly cause poor skin turgor.

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  • 16. 

    Kaliuresis refers to the urinary loss of

    • A.

      Water.

    • B.

      Albumin.

    • C.

      Potassium.

    • D.

      Sodium.

    Correct Answer
    C. Potassium.
    Explanation
    Kaliuresis refers to the urinary loss of potassium.

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  • 17. 

    K+K    k   K+

    • A.

      Is a cation.

    • B.

      Is an acid

    • C.

      Neutralizes H+.

    • D.

      Is the chief extracellular cation.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is a cation.
    Explanation
    The given answer "is a cation" is correct because cations are positively charged ions that have lost electrons. In the given example, the presence of the letter "K" indicates the symbol for potassium, which is a cation. Therefore, the statement "K+K is a cation" is accurate.

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  • 18. 

      Bicarbonate (HCO3) is considered an anion because it

    • A.

      Contains hydrogen.

    • B.

      Contains carbon.

    • C.

      Contains oxygen

    • D.

      Carries a negative charge

    Correct Answer
    D. Carries a negative charge
    Explanation
    Bicarbonate (HCO–3) is considered an anion because it carries a negative charge. Anions are ions that have gained one or more electrons, resulting in a negative charge. In the case of bicarbonate, it has gained an electron, giving it a negative charge. The presence of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen in bicarbonate is not relevant to its classification as an anion.

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  • 19. 

      Which of the following can be defined as an H+ donor?

    • A.

      Ion

    • B.

      Tincture

    • C.

      Acid

    • D.

      Bicarbonate

    Correct Answer
    C. Acid
    Explanation
    An acid can be defined as an H+ donor because it is a substance that can release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. These hydrogen ions can then react with other substances, making the solution acidic. Acids typically have a sour taste and can corrode metals. Examples of common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following acts as a base?

    • A.

      H+

    • B.

      OH–

    • C.

      Calcium ion

    • D.

      Gastric juice

    Correct Answer
    B. OH–
    Explanation
    OH- acts as a base because it is a hydroxide ion, which has the ability to accept a proton (H+) and form water. Bases are substances that can accept protons or donate pairs of electrons. In this case, OH- can accept a proton to form water, making it a base. The other options, such as H+, calcium ion, and gastric juice, do not have the ability to accept protons or donate pairs of electrons, and therefore do not act as bases.

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  • 21. 

      Excess diuresis is most likely to cause

    • A.

      Edema.

    • B.

      Overhydration.

    • C.

      Blood volume depletion.

    • D.

      Acidosis.

    Correct Answer
    C. Blood volume depletion.
    Explanation
    Excess diuresis refers to the excessive production of urine, which can lead to a significant loss of fluid from the body. This excessive loss of fluid can result in a decrease in blood volume, leading to blood volume depletion. When the blood volume is reduced, the body's ability to maintain adequate circulation and perfusion to tissues is compromised, which can result in symptoms such as dizziness, low blood pressure, and decreased urine output. Therefore, blood volume depletion is the most likely consequence of excess diuresis.

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  • 22. 

      Which of the following is most likely to occur when output is less than intake?

    • A.

      Dehydration

    • B.

      Edema

    • C.

      Hypovolemia

    • D.

      Polyuria

    Correct Answer
    B. Edema
    Explanation
    When output is less than intake, it means that the body is not excreting enough fluids compared to the amount of fluids being consumed. This can lead to an imbalance in the body's fluid levels, causing fluid retention and swelling in the tissues, which is known as edema. Edema occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the interstitial spaces, leading to swelling and discomfort in the affected areas. Therefore, edema is the most likely occurrence when output is less than intake.

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  • 23. 

      Hypoventilation is most likely to cause

    • A.

      Acidosis.

    • B.

      Edema.

    • C.

      Renal excretion of bicarbonate.

    • D.

      Hypokalemia.

    Correct Answer
    A. Acidosis.
    Explanation
    Hypoventilation refers to inadequate ventilation of the lungs, leading to a decrease in the removal of carbon dioxide from the body. This results in an increase in the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, causing respiratory acidosis. Acidosis is a condition characterized by an imbalance in the body's pH levels, making it more acidic. This can lead to various symptoms such as confusion, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Therefore, hypoventilation is most likely to cause acidosis.

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  • 24. 

     Which of the following is not a function of the lungs?

    • A.

      Oxygenation of blood

    • B.

      Excretion of carbon dioxide

    • C.

      Secretion of aldosterone and the regulation of Na+

    • D.

      Regulation of blood pH

    Correct Answer
    C. Secretion of aldosterone and the regulation of Na+
    Explanation
    The lungs are responsible for oxygenating the blood, excreting carbon dioxide, and regulating blood pH. However, the secretion of aldosterone and the regulation of Na+ are not functions of the lungs. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and is involved in the regulation of sodium and water balance in the body. The lungs do not play a direct role in this process.

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  • 25. 

     Hyperventilation is most likely to cause

    • A.

      A blood pH greater than 7.45.

    • B.

      Diuresis.

    • C.

      Edema.

    • D.

      Acidosis.

    Correct Answer
    A. A blood pH greater than 7.45.
    Explanation
    Hyperventilation is a condition where a person breathes rapidly, leading to excessive elimination of carbon dioxide from the body. This causes a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood, leading to respiratory alkalosis. Alkalosis is characterized by a blood pH greater than 7.45. Therefore, hyperventilation is most likely to cause a blood pH greater than 7.45.

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  • 26. 

     Metabolic acidosis such as diabetic ketoacidosis is most likely to cause

    • A.

      Hypoventilation.

    • B.

      Kussmaul respirations.

    • C.

      The renal excretion of bicarbonate.

    • D.

      The renal retention of H+.

    Correct Answer
    B. Kussmaul respirations.
    Explanation
    Metabolic acidosis, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, is characterized by an increase in the acidity of the blood. In response to this acidosis, the body tries to compensate by increasing the respiratory rate and depth, resulting in Kussmaul respirations. This type of breathing pattern helps to eliminate excess carbon dioxide and decrease the acidity in the blood. Hypoventilation, on the other hand, would worsen the acidosis by retaining carbon dioxide. The renal excretion of bicarbonate and the renal retention of H+ are not direct responses to metabolic acidosis.

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  • 27. 

     Most body water is located within which space?

    • A.

      Interstitial

    • B.

      Intravascular

    • C.

      Intracellular

    • D.

      Transcellular

    Correct Answer
    C. Intracellular
    Explanation
    The correct answer is intracellular. The majority of body water is found within the cells, making up the intracellular space. This includes water inside all the cells of the body, such as those in organs, tissues, and blood cells. The intracellular space is crucial for maintaining cell function and ensuring proper hydration and balance within the body.

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  • 28. 

      Which of the following is not true of extracellular fluid?

    • A.

      Most body water is extracellular.

    • B.

      Plasma is extracellular fluid.

    • C.

      Transcellular fluid is extracellular.

    • D.

      There is more interstitial fluid than intravascular fluid.

    Correct Answer
    A. Most body water is extracellular.
    Explanation
    The statement "Most body water is extracellular" is not true because the majority of body water is actually intracellular, meaning it is found within the cells. Extracellular fluid refers to the fluid found outside the cells, including plasma and interstitial fluid.

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  • 29. 

    Which ion determines pH?

    • A.

      Sodium

    • B.

      Hydrogen

    • C.

      Bicarbonate

    • D.

      Potassium

    Correct Answer
    B. Hydrogen
    Explanation
    The ion that determines pH is hydrogen. pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. The more hydrogen ions present, the lower the pH, indicating acidity. Conversely, the fewer hydrogen ions, the higher the pH, indicating alkalinity. Sodium, bicarbonate, and potassium ions do not directly determine pH.

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  • 30. 

      Hyperkalemia refers to an increase in the blood levels of which ion?

    • A.

      Hydrogen

    • B.

      Bicarbonate

    • C.

      Calcium

    • D.

      Potassium

    Correct Answer
    D. Potassium
    Explanation
    Hyperkalemia refers to an increase in the blood levels of potassium. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including maintaining the balance of fluids and electrolytes, transmitting nerve impulses, and regulating muscle contractions. When the blood levels of potassium become elevated, it can disrupt the normal functioning of the heart and other organs, leading to potentially serious complications. Therefore, identifying and managing hyperkalemia is important to prevent any adverse effects on the body.

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  • 31. 

      Retention of this ion causes water retention and edema formation.

    • A.

      Potassium

    • B.

      Hydrogen

    • C.

      Sodium

    • D.

      Bicarbonate

    Correct Answer
    C. Sodium
    Explanation
    Sodium is the correct answer because retention of this ion causes water retention and edema formation. Sodium is an essential electrolyte in the body and plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance. When there is an excessive accumulation of sodium, it can lead to increased water retention, causing swelling and edema in tissues. This is why sodium restriction is often recommended for individuals with conditions such as hypertension or heart failure, where excessive sodium intake can worsen fluid retention.

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  • 32. 

     Which of the following is characteristic of acidosis?

    • A.

      PH of 7.55

    • B.

      A decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ion in the blood

    • C.

      Urinary excretion of bicarbonate

    • D.

      PH less than 7.35

    Correct Answer
    D. PH less than 7.35
    Explanation
    Acidosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal decrease in the pH level of the blood, making it more acidic. A pH less than 7.35 indicates acidosis, as it falls below the normal range of pH in the blood which is between 7.35 and 7.45. This decrease in pH is caused by an increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood, leading to an acidic environment. The other options, such as a pH of 7.55, a decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood, and urinary excretion of bicarbonate, do not align with the characteristics of acidosis.

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  • 33. 

      Which Which of the following is most likely to develop in a patient who hypoventilates because of a chronic respiratory disease, such as emphysema?

    • A.

      Kussmaul respirations

    • B.

      A decrease in the plasma concentration of hydrogen ion

    • C.

      An increase in plasma pH

    • D.

      Acidosis

    Correct Answer
    D. Acidosis
    Explanation
    Hypoventilation leads to an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the body, causing respiratory acidosis. In chronic respiratory diseases like emphysema, the lungs are less efficient in removing carbon dioxide, resulting in an imbalance in the pH levels of the blood. This acidic environment leads to acidosis, which is characterized by a decrease in blood pH. Kussmaul respirations, on the other hand, are deep and rapid breaths that occur in response to metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis. Therefore, the most likely development in a patient who hypoventilates due to a chronic respiratory disease is acidosis.

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  • 34. 

     Which of the following is most likely to develop in an anxious hyperventilating patient?

    • A.

      Respiratory acidosis

    • B.

      Alkalosis

    • C.

      A decrease in plasma pH

    • D.

      Ketoacidosis

    Correct Answer
    B. Alkalosis
    Explanation
    Anxious hyperventilation is characterized by rapid and deep breathing, which can lead to excessive elimination of carbon dioxide from the body. This results in a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood, leading to respiratory alkalosis. Alkalosis is a condition in which the pH of the blood becomes more alkaline than normal.

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  • 35. 

      Which    Which condition is caused by vomiting stomach contents?

    • A.

      Hyperkalemia

    • B.

      Hypernatremia and blood volume expansion

    • C.

      Hypocalcemic tetany

    • D.

      Alkalosis

    Correct Answer
    D. Alkalosis
    Explanation
    Alkalosis is a condition caused by vomiting stomach contents. Vomiting leads to the loss of stomach acid, which can increase the pH level in the body, resulting in alkalosis. This condition is characterized by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, muscle twitching, and tingling sensations. It can also lead to electrolyte imbalances and can be potentially dangerous if left untreated.

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  • 36. 

       Which condition stimulates Kussmaul respirations?

    • A.

      Respiratory acidosis

    • B.

      Respiratory alkalosis

    • C.

      Ketoacidosis

    • D.

      Hypocalcemic tetany

    Correct Answer
    C. Ketoacidosis
    Explanation
    Kussmaul respirations are deep, rapid, and labored breathing patterns that are seen in an attempt to blow off excess carbon dioxide in the body. This is a compensatory mechanism to correct for the metabolic acidosis that occurs in conditions such as ketoacidosis. In ketoacidosis, there is an accumulation of ketones in the blood due to the breakdown of fatty acids for energy. This leads to an increase in the production of carbon dioxide, causing respiratory acidosis. Therefore, ketoacidosis stimulates Kussmaul respirations as the body tries to eliminate the excess carbon dioxide and restore acid-base balance.

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  • 37. 

      Which of the following is a buffer pair?

    • A.

      PTH, aldosterone

    • B.

      ADH, ANF

    • C.

      HCO–3, H2CO3

    • D.

      Sodium, potassium

    Correct Answer
    C. HCO–3, H2CO3
    Explanation
    HCO–3, H2CO3 is a buffer pair because it consists of a weak acid (H2CO3) and its conjugate base (HCO–3). In a solution, the weak acid can donate protons (H+) to increase acidity, while the conjugate base can accept protons to decrease acidity. This allows the solution to resist changes in pH when an acid or base is added. PTH and aldosterone are hormones, not buffer pairs. ADH and ANF are also hormones, not buffer pairs. Sodium and potassium are ions, not buffer pairs.

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  • 38. 

      What dWhat does urinary specific gravity measure?

    • A.

      Plasma H+ concentration

    • B.

      Hydration status of the body

    • C.

      Plasma potassium

    • D.

      The buffering capacity of the blood

    Correct Answer
    B. Hydration status of the body
    Explanation
    Urinary specific gravity measures the concentration of solutes in the urine, which indicates the hydration status of the body. A higher specific gravity suggests dehydration, while a lower specific gravity suggests overhydration. This measurement is commonly used in medical settings to assess a person's fluid balance and overall hydration level.

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  • 39. 

      A patient is admitted with severe emphysema and a PO2 of 85. He also has a blood pH of 7.25 and a serum bicarbonate of 40. Which of the following is the accurate description?

    • A.

      Metabolic acidosis and respiratory compensation

    • B.

      Metabolic alkalosis with a respiratory compensation

    • C.

      Respiratory alkalosis with a renal compensation

    • D.

      Respiratory acidosis with a renal compensation

    Correct Answer
    D. Respiratory acidosis with a renal compensation
    Explanation
    The patient is admitted with severe emphysema, which is a chronic lung disease that leads to respiratory acidosis, indicated by a low blood pH. The high serum bicarbonate level suggests a renal compensation, where the kidneys increase bicarbonate reabsorption to help balance the acidity in the blood. Therefore, the accurate description is respiratory acidosis with a renal compensation.

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  • 40. 

    Which group is incorrect?

    • A.

      Cations: sodium, potassium, calcium

    • B.

      Acid-base imbalances: acidosis and alkalosis

    • C.

      Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers, lungs, kidneys

    • D.

      Transcellular fluids: aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma

    Correct Answer
    D. Transcellular fluids: aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma
    Explanation
    The group "transcellular fluids: aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma" is incorrect because plasma is not considered a transcellular fluid. Transcellular fluids are the fluids that are contained within specific body cavities or spaces, such as the aqueous humor in the eye or the cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system. Plasma, on the other hand, is the liquid component of blood and is not confined to a specific space within the body.

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  • 41. 

    Which group is incorrect?

    • A.

      Anions: bicarbonate, chloride, phosphate

    • B.

      Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers, lungs, kidneys

    • C.

      Transcellular fluids: aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid

    • D.

      Hormones: aldosterone, ADH, ANP, urea

    Correct Answer
    D. Hormones: aldosterone, ADH, ANP, urea

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