Chapter 18 And 19
- 1.
Colonial farmers shipped to Europe large Quantites of all of the following products except
- A.
Coffee
- B.
Wool
- C.
Sugar
- D.
Tobacco
Correct Answer
B. WoolExplanation
Colonial farmers in the Americas shipped large quantities of coffee, sugar, and tobacco to Europe as these were highly valuable and in demand. However, wool was not a major product of colonial farming as it required specialized sheep farming and was more commonly produced in regions with a colder climate. Therefore, wool was not shipped in large quantities to Europe by colonial farmers.Rate this question:
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- 2.
English Coffeehouses were
- A.
Important places to discuss politics and society
- B.
Patronized only by aristocrats because coffee was so expensive
- C.
Strictly regulated by the government
- D.
Slow to catch on in London but were highly popular in smaller towns
Correct Answer
A. Important places to discuss politics and societyExplanation
English Coffeehouses were important places to discuss politics and society. These establishments served as social hubs where individuals could gather to engage in intellectual discussions and exchange ideas on various topics, including politics and society. They provided a space for people from different backgrounds to come together and share their perspectives, contributing to the development of political and social discourse in England. The coffeehouses were not exclusive to aristocrats, as they attracted a diverse range of patrons who were interested in participating in these discussions.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The Slave trade had a lasting impact on Euorpe because it The Slave trade had a lasting impact on Euorpe because it
- A.
Encouraged many more Europeans to go to the colonies to find work
- B.
Put many European farmers out of business by undercutting their prices
- C.
Permanently altered consumption patterns for ordinary people
- D.
Introduced African products and goods into Europe for the first time
Correct Answer
C. Permanently altered consumption patterns for ordinary peopleExplanation
The slave trade had a lasting impact on Europe because it permanently altered consumption patterns for ordinary people. The influx of wealth from the slave trade allowed for the expansion of consumer goods and the development of new industries. This led to a shift in the types of products that were available and affordable to the general population, changing their consumption habits and preferences. The slave trade also contributed to the growth of the middle class, who had more disposable income to spend on these new goods. Overall, the slave trade had a profound and lasting effect on the consumption patterns of ordinary Europeans.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Children of Spanish men and Indian women were called
- A.
Mestizos
- B.
Caballeros
- C.
Quilombos
- D.
Oroonokos
Correct Answer
A. MestizosExplanation
The term "mestizos" refers to the children of Spanish men and Indian women. This term is commonly used to describe individuals of mixed Spanish and Indian heritage. The other options, "caballeros," "quilombos," and "oroonokos," do not accurately describe the children of Spanish men and Indian women.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The birth and growth of European consumer society succeeded despite
- A.
Attacks by writers and intellectuals who claimed that humans were becoming gluttonous animals
- B.
Efforts by monarchs to stop the flood of imports in order to protect local producers
- C.
Wildly fluctuating prices for new consumer products and exotic foods
- D.
The reluctance of producers in colonial lands to sell commodities at enforced low prices
Correct Answer
A. Attacks by writers and intellectuals who claimed that humans were becoming gluttonous animalsExplanation
The birth and growth of European consumer society succeeded despite attacks by writers and intellectuals who claimed that humans were becoming gluttonous animals. This suggests that despite the criticisms and concerns raised by these individuals, the desire for consumer goods and the development of a consumer society prevailed. The fact that these attacks did not hinder the growth of consumerism indicates that there were other factors at play, such as the increasing availability and affordability of goods, changing social norms, and the influence of advertising and marketing.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The dutch were unable to do much about the decline in their share of the baltic trade because
- A.
They did not have adequate technology to keep their Baltic ports from silting shut
- B.
Their domestic supplies of raw material, which the depended on to keep their prices low, were nearly exhausted by 1720
- C.
Peter the Grest threatened to invade sny of his neighbors who traded with any country but Russia
- D.
All of the major Baltic countries began to restrict imports of manufactured goods in order to protect their own industries
Correct Answer
D. All of the major Baltic countries began to restrict imports of manufactured goods in order to protect their own industriesExplanation
The correct answer is that all of the major Baltic countries began to restrict imports of manufactured goods in order to protect their own industries. This restricted the Dutch from participating in the Baltic trade as their manufactured goods were not allowed into these countries. This restriction hindered the Dutch from maintaining their share in the Baltic trade, leading to a decline in their trade activities in the region.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Peter the Great was determined to Westernize his country, and one of the most significant steps in that direction was
- A.
Appointing a chief minister who managed court affaris, made political appointments, and oversaw mercantile policy
- B.
Making up for the lack of a Russian middle class by encouraging noblewomen to become involved in science, education, and trade.
- C.
Undertaking extensive colonization efforts in africa to obtain the raw materials that provided so much of western Europe's wealth
- D.
Founding the new technical and scientific schools that were run by Western officials
Correct Answer
D. Founding the new technical and scientific schools that were run by Western officialsExplanation
Peter the Great's determination to Westernize his country led him to found new technical and scientific schools that were run by Western officials. This step was significant because it allowed for the introduction and dissemination of Western knowledge, ideas, and practices in Russia. By bringing in Western officials to run these schools, Peter aimed to modernize and improve education in his country, aligning it with the advancements made in Western Europe. This move played a crucial role in fostering scientific and technological development in Russia and promoting the exchange of ideas between Russia and the West.Rate this question:
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- 8.
After Voltaire's Letters Concerning the English Nation was published in the early 1730s, the french government ordered his arrest because the book
- A.
Suggested that the Voltaire had acted as a spy for England during the War of Polish Succession
- B.
Argued that the Anglican church--and Protestantism in general--was more clearly based on scientific priciples that was Catholicism
- C.
Praised the british government's tolerance and flexibility as a way of condemning the French government
- D.
Ridiculed Louis XV, his mistresses, and the entire French court
Correct Answer
C. Praised the british government's tolerance and flexibility as a way of condemning the French governmentExplanation
Voltaire's Letters Concerning the English Nation was published in the early 1730s and it praised the British government's tolerance and flexibility. This praise was actually a way of condemning the French government. As a result, the French government ordered Voltaire's arrest for expressing such views that criticized their own government.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the foloowing statements about the Atlantic slave trade in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is not true?
- A.
Before 1675, most african slaves were sent to brazil, but within a quarter of a century, half were being shipped to the caribbean
- B.
The plantation economy in North America absorbed a vast number of slaves, reaching its height in the second half of the eighteenth century
- C.
By the time the slave trade began to wind down, in the mid-nineteenth century, some five million Africans had been sold as slaves in the americas
- D.
Most slaves from africa's west coast were sold to european traders by other africans who had captured them through warfare or kidnapping
Correct Answer
C. By the time the slave trade began to wind down, in the mid-nineteenth century, some five million Africans had been sold as slaves in the americasExplanation
The statement that is not true is "by the time the slave trade began to wind down, in the mid-nineteenth century, some five million Africans had been sold as slaves in the Americas." The Atlantic slave trade actually began to decline in the early 19th century due to the efforts of abolitionists and changing economic conditions. By the time the slave trade officially ended in the 19th century, the number of Africans sold as slaves in the Americas was much higher than five million.Rate this question:
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- 10.
By the eighteenth century, many europeans began to try to provide a rationale for the institution of slavery based predominantly on
- A.
Religious grounds, as many asserted that african "heathens" deserved to be enslaved
- B.
Africans purported mental--and thus racial--inferiorty
- C.
Historical precedent, pointing to slavery as a "natural" practice that dated as far back as ancient Greece and the Roman empire
- D.
The claim that contact with European religion and culture, coupled with hard work, had an edifying or civilizing, effect on so-called primitive peoples.
Correct Answer
B. Africans purported mental--and thus racial--inferiortyExplanation
During the eighteenth century, Europeans began to justify the institution of slavery by asserting that Africans were mentally and racially inferior. This belief was used as a rationale for their enslavement, as Europeans viewed African "heathens" as deserving of such treatment. This explanation aligns with the idea that the correct answer is Africans' purported mental and racial inferiority.Rate this question:
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- 11.
After some 200 years of tolerance and even support, the English and Dutch gov't suddenly tried to stamp out piracy around 1700 because
- A.
It became increasingly hard to retain maritime personnel for the unpleasant work on slave ships when sailors had the option of a more lucrative life as pirates
- B.
Protestant govt in particular began to look upon their association with such "criminal elements" as antithetical to cherished christian values
- C.
The presence of an increasing number of women travelers gave rise to a concomitant public clamor demanding that they be protected from possible contact with pirates
- D.
English, dutch, and french bands of sailors began to form their own assoc. of pirates, especially in the Caribbean, where they preyed on everyones shipping regardless of national origin
Correct Answer
D. English, dutch, and french bands of sailors began to form their own assoc. of pirates, especially in the Caribbean, where they preyed on everyones shipping regardless of national originExplanation
The correct answer suggests that the English, Dutch, and French sailors formed their own association of pirates, particularly in the Caribbean, where they targeted ships from all nations. This would have posed a significant threat to maritime trade and security, leading the English and Dutch governments to take action against piracy.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Demographic historians speak of a "population explosion" beginning in the 17th century, which they attribute to all of the following factors except
- A.
A rise in the birthrate
- B.
The disappearance of plague after 1720
- C.
Improved agricultural techniques
- D.
Better weather conditions
Correct Answer
A. A rise in the birthrateExplanation
The correct answer is "a rise in the birthrate." The question is asking for the factor that is not attributed to the population explosion in the 17th century. The other options, such as the disappearance of plague, improved agricultural techniques, and better weather conditions, are all factors that could contribute to a population increase. However, a rise in the birthrate is not mentioned as one of the factors contributing to the population explosion.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Historians emphasize that what came to be called Britains "ag revolution" in the 1700s cannot be attributed to
- A.
The selective breeding of animals
- B.
The planting of fodder crops, such as clover and turnips, instead of field rotation
- C.
The invention of new machinery
- D.
An increase in the amount of land under cultivation
Correct Answer
C. The invention of new machineryExplanation
The correct answer is the invention of new machinery. Historians emphasize that Britain's "ag revolution" in the 1700s cannot be attributed to the invention of new machinery. This is because the agricultural revolution in Britain was primarily driven by the adoption of new farming practices such as selective breeding of animals, planting of fodder crops, and an increase in the amount of land under cultivation. While new machinery did play a role in later stages of the agricultural revolution, it was not the main factor in the initial transformation of British agriculture.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Historians describe the english peasantry as "virtually disappearing" in the 18th century as a reslut of
- A.
Immigration to the new world
- B.
A massive shift in the english economy to industrial production and manufacturing which lured young men away from the sountryside
- C.
Cheap agricultural imports from the english colonies, with which individual english peasants could not compete
- D.
The enclosure movement
Correct Answer
D. The enclosure movementExplanation
The correct answer is the enclosure movement. Historians describe the English peasantry as "virtually disappearing" in the 18th century due to the enclosure movement. This movement involved the consolidation and privatization of common lands, which were previously used by peasants for farming and grazing. Enclosure forced many peasants off the land, as they could no longer access or afford the enclosed land. This led to the displacement of rural communities and the migration of peasants to urban areas in search of work.Rate this question:
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- 15.
In the peace of Utrect (1713-1714) philip, duke of Anjou, was finally recognized as the new king of Spain by Europe's great powers but was forced to
- A.
Repress revolts in andalusia and aragon which had all opposed him as the french interloper
- B.
Cancel his plans to marry the habsburg revival in the western Med
- C.
Provide massive reparations payments paid in new world silver to the french and habsburg monarchies
- D.
Renounce any furture claim to the french throne and cede spain's territories in italy and the netherlands
Correct Answer
D. Renounce any furture claim to the french throne and cede spain's territories in italy and the netherlandsExplanation
In the peace of Utrect, Philip, Duke of Anjou, was recognized as the new king of Spain, but he had to renounce any future claim to the French throne and give up Spain's territories in Italy and the Netherlands. This was likely done to ensure peace and stability in Europe by preventing any potential conflicts or claims to power in the future. Additionally, it could have been a way for the other European powers to assert their dominance and limit the influence of the French monarchy.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Following the deaths of william and mary and their successor, anne (mary's sister) the english turned to which dynastic house for their next ruler, King George I
- A.
The austrian hasburgs
- B.
The german house of hanover
- C.
The french of bourbons
- D.
The dutch house of orange
Correct Answer
B. The german house of hanoverExplanation
Following the deaths of William and Mary and their successor, Anne, the English turned to the German House of Hanover for their next ruler, King George I. This choice was made because Anne's closest Protestant relatives were from the House of Hanover, and they were seen as a stable and Protestant option to secure the succession. The Austrian Habsburgs, the French Bourbons, and the Dutch House of Orange were not chosen because they either had Catholic affiliations or were not as closely related to Anne.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Russian tsar peter the great's imposition of a table of ranks in 1722
- A.
Divided the russian nobility up into compulsory military, admin, and judicial service categories
- B.
Created a complex hierachry of the russian courtiers in his court as a means of regulating their frequently bloody competition for high office
- C.
Upset the fledgling entrepreneurial class in Russi, encouraging a damaging drain of talent to the west
- D.
Upset the leaders of the russian orthodox church, as it placed the tsar above the patriarch in both secular and religious matters
Correct Answer
A. Divided the russian nobility up into compulsory military, admin, and judicial service categoriesExplanation
The imposition of a table of ranks by Russian Tsar Peter the Great in 1722 divided the Russian nobility into different compulsory service categories, including military, administrative, and judicial. This system was implemented to regulate the competition for high office among courtiers and create a complex hierarchy within the Russian court. However, this move also had negative consequences. It upset the emerging entrepreneurial class in Russia, leading to a drain of talent to the West. Additionally, it caused tension with the leaders of the Russian Orthodox Church as it placed the Tsar above the Patriarch in both secular and religious matters.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Despite peter the greats quest to make russia "great" all of the following measures were taken except
- A.
The founding of laboratories, technical, school, and a russian Academy of sciences
- B.
The emancipation of the russian peasantry from a state of virtual slavery with the prohibition of the serf system
- C.
The translation into russian of many western european classics and the introduction of arabic numerals
- D.
The publication of the first public newspaper
Correct Answer
B. The emancipation of the russian peasantry from a state of virtual slavery with the prohibition of the serf systemExplanation
Peter the Great implemented various measures to modernize and strengthen Russia, including the founding of laboratories, technical schools, and the Russian Academy of Sciences, the translation of western European classics and the introduction of Arabic numerals, and the publication of the first public newspaper. However, the emancipation of the Russian peasantry from a state of virtual slavery with the prohibition of the serf system was not one of the measures taken by Peter the Great.Rate this question:
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- 19.
By 1740 the european state with the highest proportion of men at arms-1 of every 28 people was
- A.
Great britain
- B.
Russia
- C.
France
- D.
Prussia
Correct Answer
D. PrussiaExplanation
Prussia had the highest proportion of men at arms among the European states by 1740, with 1 out of every 28 people being soldiers. This indicates that Prussia had a strong military presence and a significant portion of its population was involved in military service.Rate this question:
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- 20.
In the eighteenth century enlightenment writers adopted a new historical doctrine to explain human "prpgress" :the belief that
- A.
God approved not only of faith and good works but also of material-that is to say, scientific and technological-success
- B.
Humankind was moving forward to ever higher levels of development on wheels born human , particularly european, endeavor
- C.
Maintaining heightened levels of human activity, leading to more commerce, more trade, more money in circulation, urbanization, higher fertility rates, was a sign of superiority
- D.
One should not measure human actions by what they were intended to produce (good faith) but rather only by what they did produce
Correct Answer
B. Humankind was moving forward to ever higher levels of development on wheels born human , particularly european, endeavorExplanation
During the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century, writers believed that human progress was driven by the approval of God, not only in terms of faith and good works but also in scientific and technological advancements. They believed that human society was continuously advancing towards higher levels of development, largely due to the efforts of Europeans. This progress was measured by heightened levels of human activity, such as increased commerce, trade, money circulation, urbanization, and higher fertility rates. The focus was on the outcome of human actions rather than their intentions, emphasizing that progress should be judged based on what it actually achieved.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Writers of the Enlightenment called themselves
- A.
Penses
- B.
Phiosopes
- C.
Bibliophiles
- D.
Incroyables
Correct Answer
B. PhiosopesExplanation
During the Enlightenment, intellectuals and scholars referred to themselves as "phiosopes." This term originated from the Greek word "philosophos," which means "lover of wisdom." The writers of this period were deeply interested in the pursuit of knowledge, reason, and rational thinking. They believed in questioning traditional beliefs and advocating for scientific and intellectual progress. Therefore, "phiosopes" accurately describes the self-identification of these Enlightenment writers.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The Encyclopedia contributed to enlightenment goasl of social reform by
- A.
Promtiing the spread of knowledge that would be used to make informed decisions about social problems
- B.
Funding from its sales the charitable schools established jointly by Diderot and Voltaire
- C.
Providing systematic plans for socail refrom the could be used by anyone who was abe to read
- D.
Proving that a state-run system of education intellectual projects like the Encyclopedia
Correct Answer
A. Promtiing the spread of knowledge that would be used to make informed decisions about social problemsExplanation
The Encyclopedia contributed to enlightenment goals of social reform by promoting the spread of knowledge that would be used to make informed decisions about social problems. This means that the Encyclopedia provided information and resources that enabled individuals to understand and address social issues effectively. By disseminating knowledge, the Encyclopedia empowered people to take action and advocate for social change.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The eighteenth century belief that god created the universe to follow set, logical priciples and did not intervene in its functioning once he had set it in motion is known as
- A.
Pietism
- B.
Jansenism
- C.
Ateism
- D.
Deism
Correct Answer
D. DeismExplanation
Deism is the correct answer because it refers to the belief that God created the universe to follow set, logical principles and then did not intervene in its functioning. This belief was prominent in the eighteenth century and emphasized reason and natural laws over religious doctrine. Deists believed that God was like a watchmaker who created the universe and then let it run on its own without interference. This belief was a reaction against traditional religious views and sought to reconcile faith with reason.Rate this question:
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- 24.
In 1762, Jean-Jacques Rousseau published Emile, which offered his theoried on
- A.
Democracy
- B.
Catholic church
- C.
Education
- D.
The military
Correct Answer
C. EducationExplanation
Jean-Jacques Rousseau published Emile in 1762, which focused on the topic of education. The book presented his theories and ideas regarding the best methods of educating individuals. Rousseau believed in the importance of nurturing a person's natural abilities and allowing them to develop freely. He emphasized the significance of hands-on learning, individualized education, and the importance of a child's natural curiosity. Rousseau's work had a significant impact on educational philosophy and contributed to the development of modern educational theories and practices.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The Enlightenment spread outward from three cities where discussion and debate of new ideas flourished among the growing middle classes; these cities were
- A.
Amsterdam, paris, and london
- B.
Paris, london, and berlin
- C.
London, edinburgh, and amsterdam
- D.
Berlin, amsterdam, and paris
Correct Answer
A. Amsterdam, paris, and londonExplanation
During the Enlightenment, new ideas and philosophies were discussed and debated among the middle classes in various cities. The correct answer is Amsterdam, Paris, and London. These cities were known for their intellectual and cultural vibrancy during that time. They served as hubs for the exchange of ideas, fostering a climate of intellectual curiosity and challenging traditional beliefs. The Enlightenment ideals of reason, individualism, and progress spread outward from these cities, influencing thinkers and societies across Europe and beyond.Rate this question:
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- 26.
How did the Enlightenment in France differ from that in Germany?
- A.
The german govt wholeheartedly supported its intellectuals, including Lessing and Kant, while France's philosophes faced censorship or arrest.
- B.
Germanys intellectuals like Immanual Kant were far more interested in the practical application of the new ideology than were their French counterparts
- C.
French philosophers were far more aggressive in their condemnation of church and state than were german scholars
- D.
French phiosophes intended their workfor the masses but because the Prussian state limited education only to the well-to-do, ordinary people could not participate in the Enlightenment
Correct Answer
C. French philosophers were far more aggressive in their condemnation of church and state than were german scholarsExplanation
The answer is suggesting that the Enlightenment in France differed from that in Germany because French philosophers were more aggressive in their condemnation of church and state compared to German scholars. This implies that the French Enlightenment had a stronger focus on challenging and criticizing the existing power structures, while the German Enlightenment may have been more cautious or less confrontational in this regard.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The underlying message of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Emile was that
- A.
Clerical supervision in schools stunted individual development and independent thinking, which were necessary preparation for joining society
- B.
The university system was hopelessly flawed because students studiued Latin and Greek instead of logic
- C.
Qualified workers and members of the bourgeoisie should be admitted to universities in order to increase national wealth
- D.
Marriages arrnged by parents were happier than those unions arranged by the participants because the young people had fewer illusions in arranged matches
Correct Answer
A. Clerical supervision in schools stunted individual development and independent thinking, which were necessary preparation for joining societyExplanation
The correct answer suggests that Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Emile conveys the message that clerical supervision in schools hampers individual growth and independent thinking, which are crucial for preparing individuals to become part of society.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Although the Diplomatic Revolution in 1756 resulted in major changes in European alliances, the two major rivalries remained unchanged; these were
- A.
France versus britian and austria versus russia
- B.
France versus austria and britian versus prussia
- C.
France versus russia and austria versus prussia
- D.
France versus britian and austria versus prussia
Correct Answer
D. France versus britian and austria versus prussiaExplanation
The correct answer is "france versus britian and austria versus prussia." The Diplomatic Revolution in 1756 did result in significant changes in European alliances, but the two major rivalries between France and Britain, and Austria and Prussia, remained unchanged. France and Britain had a long history of conflicts and competition for colonial territories, while Austria and Prussia were rivals in Central Europe, vying for power and influence in the region.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which event dramatically changed the outcome of the Seven Years war?
- A.
George 2 died in 1760,leaving Hanover vunerable to attack by prussia, and this brought Great Britain into the war
- B.
The turks unexpectedly entered the war on the side of prussia, hoping to regain territory lost to their joint enemy, austria
- C.
Empress elizabeth of russia died and her successor immediately reversed her anti-Prussian policy, allowing fredrick the great to escape a crushoing defeat
- D.
The great lisbon earthquake of 1755 was so devasting to the french and spanish economies that they were unable to fully pursue the war
Correct Answer
C. Empress elizabeth of russia died and her successor immediately reversed her anti-Prussian policy, allowing fredrick the great to escape a crushoing defeatExplanation
The death of Empress Elizabeth of Russia and the reversal of her anti-Prussian policy by her successor had a significant impact on the outcome of the Seven Years War. This decision allowed Frederick the Great to avoid a crushing defeat and potentially turn the tide of the war in favor of Prussia. Without this change in policy, Prussia may have suffered a major setback and the outcome of the war could have been very different.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Although most intellectuals of the enlightenment publicaly embraced the doctorine of religios toleration, in practice, many of then were still intolerant of
- A.
Atheists
- B.
Jews
- C.
Muslims
- D.
Calvinists
Correct Answer
B. JewsExplanation
During the Enlightenment period, intellectuals advocated for religious tolerance, promoting the idea that individuals should have the freedom to practice their own religion. However, despite this public support for religious tolerance, many intellectuals still held intolerant views towards certain religious groups. In this case, the correct answer suggests that some intellectuals were still intolerant of Jews, despite their public endorsement of religious tolerance. This contradiction highlights the complexity and inconsistency of attitudes towards religious diversity during the Enlightenment.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The only enlightened ruler who ended the personal aspect of serfdon was
- A.
Catherine the great of russia
- B.
Joseph 2 of austria
- C.
Fredrick the great of prussia
- D.
George 3 of england
Correct Answer
D. George 3 of englandExplanation
George III of England is the correct answer because he was the only ruler among the options given who ended the personal aspect of serfdom. Serfdom was a system where peasants were bound to the land and were considered the property of the landowner. George III played a significant role in the abolition of serfdom in England through various legal reforms and acts. He implemented policies that granted more rights and freedom to the peasants, eventually leading to the end of serfdom in England.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The term food riot is somewhat misleading when applied to late eighteenth-century conflicts becuase
- A.
The word riot implies random destructiveness, but participants were trying to enfore a fair price for grain or ensure supplies of it to feed their families
- B.
Food was only one of many commodities that were the focus of such unrest.
- C.
Official reports used this term to disguise the fact that these were really attempts tp institute a more democratic political system based on universal suffrage
- D.
These disturbances were far more important than they really were.
Correct Answer
A. The word riot implies random destructiveness, but participants were trying to enfore a fair price for grain or ensure supplies of it to feed their familiesExplanation
The term "food riot" is somewhat misleading when applied to late eighteenth-century conflicts because it implies random destructiveness, whereas the participants were actually trying to enforce a fair price for grain or ensure supplies of it to feed their families. The term "riot" fails to capture the underlying motivations and goals of the participants, as they were not engaging in mindless violence but rather seeking to address their economic and survival needs.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The seven years war had a significant impact on american-british relations because
- A.
The colonists resented the british govt decision to begin treating the naqtive americans as full citizens
- B.
The americans had sided with the french during the war and they resisted returning to allegiance to britain in the 1760s
- C.
It dramatically expanded the borders of british america and american colonists became angry when the british encouraged them to leave the ast coast to become settlers in the wilderness of the ohio river valley
- D.
It removed the threat of french invasion fromt he north, which made the colonists less dependent on british naval might and thus more willing to act on their grievances
Correct Answer
D. It removed the threat of french invasion fromt he north, which made the colonists less dependent on british naval might and thus more willing to act on their grievancesExplanation
The correct answer is that the removal of the threat of French invasion from the north made the colonists less dependent on British naval might and more willing to act on their grievances. This is because the colonists, having been protected by the British from French invasion, felt more secure and confident in their ability to challenge British authority. They no longer needed the British for protection and were therefore more willing to assert their own interests and push back against British policies.Rate this question:
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- 34.
In responce to a massive uprising of the long oppressed serfs of russia, empress cathrine the great
- A.
Increased the nobles power over them
- B.
Promulgated laws easing the legal restriction that had prevented serfs from leaving family plots,earning independent livelihoods, and marrying without their feudal lords permission
- C.
Declare war on prussia as a way of diverting attention away from social problems at home
- D.
Repealed the tax increase of the mid-centru and shifted some of the tax burden to the heretofore tax-exempt nobility
Correct Answer
A. Increased the nobles power over themExplanation
The correct answer is "increased the nobles power over them." This is because the statement mentions that in response to the uprising of the serfs, Empress Catherine the Great took actions that gave more power to the nobles over the serfs. This suggests that she implemented policies that further oppressed the serfs and strengthened the control of the nobility over them.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Enlightenment ideas typically spread in the eighteenth century by way of books and newpapers, perosnal correspondence, learned societies, private clubs like Masonic lodges and
- A.
Religious dissenters
- B.
Salons
- C.
Royal courts
- D.
Universities
Correct Answer
B. SalonsExplanation
In the eighteenth century, Enlightenment ideas spread through various means such as books, newspapers, personal correspondence, learned societies, private clubs like Masonic lodges, religious dissenters, and salons. Salons were gatherings held in the homes of wealthy women where intellectuals, artists, and philosophers would come together to discuss and exchange ideas. These salons provided a platform for the dissemination of Enlightenment ideals and played a significant role in spreading intellectual and cultural movements of the time.Rate this question:
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- 36.
In his philosophical dictionary, Voltaire offered
- A.
A systematic analysis of the various philosophical schools from antiquity to the eighteenth-century Enlightenment
- B.
A critique of the royal absolutist government
- C.
A compilation of words and phrases commomly used to describe God, man and the universe for which he proposed alternative definitions
- D.
An attack on most of the claims of organized christianity
Correct Answer
D. An attack on most of the claims of organized christianityExplanation
Voltaire's philosophical dictionary was primarily focused on criticizing and refuting the claims made by organized Christianity. He questioned and challenged many of the beliefs and doctrines of the Christian faith, aiming to expose what he perceived as inconsistencies, contradictions, and irrationality within the religion. Through his writings, Voltaire aimed to undermine the authority and influence of organized Christianity, advocating for reason, tolerance, and freedom of thought instead.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Adam Smith contended that individual self-interest, including greed,
- A.
Contributed untimately to the general welfare or society at large
- B.
Had to be kept in check by the string arm of a powerful, centralized govt
- C.
Served as the source of all earthly woes that only true christians piety, as defined by the church, could alleviate
- D.
Could be transformed into compassion and concern for the general welfare throught the exercise of human reason
Correct Answer
A. Contributed untimately to the general welfare or society at largeExplanation
Adam Smith believed that individual self-interest, including greed, ultimately contributed to the general welfare or society at large. He argued that when individuals pursue their own self-interest, it leads to competition and innovation, which in turn benefits society as a whole. However, Smith also recognized the need for a powerful and centralized government to keep this self-interest in check and prevent any negative consequences. Therefore, he believed that a balance between self-interest and government regulation was necessary for the overall well-being of society.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Oxford-education John Wesley was the founder of the reform movements known as
- A.
Methodism
- B.
Pietism
- C.
Congregationalism
- D.
Chartism
Correct Answer
A. MethodismExplanation
John Wesley is known as the founder of the reform movement called Methodism. Methodism is a branch of Protestant Christianity that emphasizes personal piety, social justice, and the importance of small group meetings for spiritual growth. Wesley, along with his brother Charles, preached a message of salvation through faith in Jesus Christ and promoted a disciplined and methodical approach to Christian living. Methodism grew rapidly in the 18th century and continues to have a significant influence on Christianity today.Rate this question:
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- 39.
In an effort to combat increasing rates of poverty, vagrancy, and crime, the french govt in 1767 created new workhouses called
- A.
Hopitaux de charite
- B.
Domiciles de pauvrete
- C.
Depots de mendicite
- D.
Maisons de travail
Correct Answer
C. Depots de mendiciteExplanation
The correct answer is "depots de mendicite". In 1767, the French government created new workhouses called "depots de mendicite" as part of their efforts to address the rising rates of poverty, vagrancy, and crime. These workhouses were specifically designed to provide shelter and work opportunities for the poor and homeless individuals, aiming to reduce poverty and eliminate the need for begging or mendicancy.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Although the industrial revolution took hold in england first, textile manufacturing experienced a boom throughout Europe in the Eighteenth century by means of
- A.
The putting out system
- B.
Introduction of the spinning jenny and water frame
- C.
The increasing wealth and demand for fashionabkle clothing of the rising middle classes
- D.
Skyrocketing population growth
Correct Answer
A. The putting out systemExplanation
The putting out system refers to a method of manufacturing in which raw materials were given to rural workers who would then complete the production process in their homes. This system allowed for increased production and efficiency, as it utilized the skills and labor of a larger workforce. It also helped meet the growing demand for textiles, particularly fashionable clothing, driven by the rising middle class. While the introduction of the spinning jenny and water frame also contributed to the boom in textile manufacturing, the putting out system played a crucial role in expanding production throughout Europe during the Eighteenth century.Rate this question:
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- 41.
In the war of the Austrian Succession, empress maria theresa managed to hold on to her throne most of her territory by
- A.
Agreeing to fredrick 2's demand the Poland-Lithuania be divided between Austria, Russia, and Prussia
- B.
Forming an allience with france against prussia and her ally Great Britian
- C.
Arranging for the assassination of the opposing claimant, Francis 1, who had declared the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 invalid, thereby resinding the right of women to inherit the crown
- D.
Conceding Silesia to Prussia, thereby disrupting the Franco-Prussian alliance
Correct Answer
D. Conceding Silesia to Prussia, thereby disrupting the Franco-Prussian allianceExplanation
In the war of the Austrian Succession, Empress Maria Theresa managed to hold on to her throne and most of her territory by conceding Silesia to Prussia. This decision disrupted the Franco-Prussian alliance, as France was an ally of Austria and Prussia. By giving up Silesia, Maria Theresa hoped to appease Prussia and prevent further territorial losses. This move allowed her to maintain her power and territory, despite the challenges she faced during the war.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Prussia had vastly increased the size and effciency of its army, vaulting itself to grear power status by the mid-eighteenth century, with the
- A.
Founding of military training schools for commissioned officers
- B.
Adoption of the year-round "citizen-soldier" system
- C.
Instition of the "canton system"
- D.
Transformation of private militias of local lords into a mass army
Correct Answer
C. Instition of the "canton system"Explanation
The correct answer is the institution of the "canton system". The canton system was a military reform implemented by Prussia in the 18th century. It involved the division of the country into cantons, with each canton responsible for providing and maintaining a certain number of soldiers. This system allowed for a more efficient and organized recruitment and training process, ensuring a larger and more effective army for Prussia. By implementing the canton system, Prussia was able to transform its military into a powerful force, contributing greatly to its rise as a great power.Rate this question:
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- 43.
In the treaty of paris of 1763, France officially acknologed her defeat overseas, ceding virtually all of its territories to Great Britian except,
- A.
Some west indian islands
- B.
Canada
- C.
A swath of territory in North Africa, including modern-day Algeria
- D.
Eastern Louisiana
Correct Answer
A. Some west indian islandsExplanation
In the Treaty of Paris of 1763, France acknowledged its defeat overseas and ceded most of its territories to Great Britain. However, it did not cede some west Indian islands to Great Britain. This means that France retained control over these specific islands despite losing most of its other territories.Rate this question:
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- 44.
To make tax increases more palatable, the "enlightenment absolutists" of Europe actively undertook to modernize govt through
- A.
Increase equitabiltity of taxes
- B.
Administrative and legal reforms
- C.
Reforming their political systems so as increase accessibility to more citizens
- D.
Expanding access to education and religion tolerance
Correct Answer
B. Administrative and legal reformsExplanation
The correct answer is administrative and legal reforms. The "enlightenment absolutists" of Europe aimed to modernize the government and make tax increases more acceptable. They achieved this by implementing administrative and legal reforms, which likely included streamlining bureaucratic processes, improving efficiency, and ensuring fair and transparent taxation systems. These reforms would have helped to enhance the overall functioning of the government and gain the trust and support of the citizens.Rate this question:
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- 45.
In the wake of extensive legal reforms, the justice system of which absolutist monarchy became "the envy of Europe"?
- A.
France
- B.
Russia
- C.
Austria
- D.
Prussia
Correct Answer
D. PrussiaExplanation
Prussia became "the envy of Europe" in terms of its justice system after implementing extensive legal reforms. These reforms helped to modernize and improve the efficiency and fairness of the Prussian justice system, making it a model for other countries to follow.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Althought popular unrest and peasents uprisings marred much of the final quarter of the eighteenth century throughout Europe, the largest single rebellion by far was the
- A.
Pugachev rebellion in russia
- B.
Flour war in france
- C.
Silesian weavers revolt in prussia
- D.
November revolution in Poland-Lithuania
Correct Answer
A. Pugachev rebellion in russiaExplanation
The Pugachev rebellion in Russia was the largest single rebellion during the final quarter of the eighteenth century throughout Europe. This uprising was led by Yemelyan Pugachev, a Cossack who claimed to be the rightful tsar and rallied peasants, Cossacks, and other discontented groups against the Russian government. The rebellion lasted from 1773 to 1775 and posed a significant threat to the stability of the Russian Empire. It was eventually suppressed by the government forces, but it had a lasting impact on Russian society and government policies.Rate this question:
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