Cell Structure And Specialised Cells
For all the biology students out there, this quiz was very carefully put together to help you come to grips with one of the more important aspects of the whole scientific subject – the cell, with particular focus on the cell structure and specialised cells. What do you know already, and what do you need to work on?
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following structures are not found in animal cells
- A.
Ribosomes
- B.
Large Vacuole
- C.
Mitochondria
- D.
Cell Wall
Correct Answer
B. Large VacuoleExplanation
While both animal and plant cells can contain vacuoles, the presence of a large central vacuole is characteristic of plant cells, not animal cells. Plant cells typically have a single large vacuole that plays a crucial role in maintaining turgor pressure, which helps support the plant's structure. In contrast, animal cells may have smaller, more numerous vacuoles used primarily for storage and transport but do not typically feature a large central vacuole. Therefore, specifying "large vacuole" as a structure not found in animal cells is accurate.Rate this question:
-
- 2.
The part of a cell with genetic information is
- A.
Cell Wall
- B.
Cell Membrane
- C.
Vacuole
- D.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
D. NucleusExplanation
The nucleus is the part of a cell that contains the genetic information. It is often referred to as the "control center" of the cell because it houses the cell's DNA, which carries the instructions for the cell's growth, development, and functioning. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane, which helps protect the DNA and regulate the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus. Within the nucleus, the DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes, which contain the genes that determine an organism's traits.Rate this question:
-
- 3.
The location inside a cell where proteins are made is
- A.
Nucleus
- B.
Cytoplasm
- C.
Ribosomes
- D.
Cell Membrane
Correct Answer
C. RibosomesExplanation
Ribosomes are the correct answer because they are responsible for protein synthesis in a cell. Ribosomes are small structures found in the cytoplasm of a cell and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. They read the genetic information from the nucleus and use it to assemble amino acids into proteins. Therefore, the location inside a cell where proteins are made is the ribosomes.Rate this question:
-
- 4.
The structure that is partially permeable is
- A.
Cell Wall
- B.
Cell Membrane
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Ribosome
Correct Answer
B. Cell MembraneExplanation
The correct answer is the cell membrane. The cell membrane is a selectively permeable structure that allows certain substances to pass through while restricting the passage of others. It controls the movement of molecules in and out of the cell, maintaining the cell's internal environment and regulating cellular processes. This partially permeable nature of the cell membrane is essential for cellular homeostasis and proper functioning.Rate this question:
-
- 5.
A cell in an insect's flight muscles will contain many
- A.
Mitochondria
- B.
Nuclei
- C.
Vacuoles
- D.
Membranes
Correct Answer
A. MitochondriaExplanation
Mitochondria are the correct answer because they are the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Flight muscles require a lot of energy to function, so it makes sense for them to have many mitochondria to meet their high energy demands. Nuclei, vacuoles, and membranes are also present in cells, but they do not play a direct role in energy production like mitochondria do.Rate this question:
-
- 6.
What substance moves in Osmosis?
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Water
- C.
Hydrogen Peroxide
- D.
Oxygen
Correct Answer
B. WaterExplanation
Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules (in this case, water) from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, across a semipermeable membrane. Glucose, hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen are not substances that typically move in osmosis. Therefore, the correct answer is water.Rate this question:
-
- 7.
Which one of the following applies only to the structure of plant cells
- A.
Ribosome, mitochondria, cytoplasm
- B.
Nucleus
- C.
Vacuole, mitochondria, nucleus
- D.
Mitochondria
- E.
Vacuole
Correct Answer
E. VacuoleExplanation
Ribosomes, mitochondria, and cytoplasm are found in both plant and animal cells. These are essential components for various cellular functions:
Ribosomes: Protein synthesis
Mitochondria: Energy production (cellular respiration)
Cytoplasm: Provides structure and supports other organelles within the cell.
Nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) and directing cellular activities. It's present in both plant and animal cells.
Vacuole is a large sac for storage and waste disposal. It's a prominent feature in plant cells, helping them maintain turgor pressure (cell rigidity) and storing various substances. Animal cells may have small vacuoles, but they are not as significant as in plant cells.Rate this question:
-
- 8.
If there is no difference between the concentration of interanl and external cell solutions, which way will water move?
- A.
It does not move
- B.
It leaves the cell
- C.
It enters the cell
- D.
It moves equally both ways
Correct Answer
D. It moves equally both waysExplanation
When the concentration of internal and external cell solutions is the same, there is no concentration gradient to drive the movement of water. As a result, water molecules will move randomly in both directions, causing an equal movement of water into and out of the cell. This is known as dynamic equilibrium, where the net movement of water is zero. Therefore, the correct answer is "It moves equally both ways."Rate this question:
-
- 9.
In which part of a cell does aerobic resipration occur?
- A.
Chloroplasts
- B.
Ribosomes
- C.
Mitochondria
- D.
Cytoplasm
Correct Answer
C. MitochondriaExplanation
Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria of a cell. Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they are responsible for producing most of the cell's energy in the form of ATP through aerobic respiration. This process involves the breakdown of glucose and other molecules in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. The mitochondria have specialized structures and enzymes that facilitate this energy production process, making them the site of aerobic respiration in cells.Rate this question:
-
- 10.
A cell membrane is:
- A.
Permeable
- B.
Transient
- C.
Partially permeable
- D.
Impermeable
Correct Answer
C. Partially permeableExplanation
A cell membrane is partially permeable because it allows certain substances to pass through while restricting the movement of others. It is selectively permeable, meaning it has specific channels and transporters that control the movement of molecules and ions in and out of the cell. This allows the cell to maintain a stable internal environment by regulating the passage of essential substances like water and nutrients, while preventing the entry of harmful substances or the loss of important cellular components.Rate this question:
-
- 11.
What happens in plant cells if they are placed in a very dilute solution?
- A.
The cells expand (become turgid)
- B.
The cells contract (become flaccid)
- C.
The cells do not change
- D.
The cells burst
Correct Answer
A. The cells expand (become turgid)Explanation
When plant cells are placed in a very dilute solution, water enters the cells by osmosis. This causes the cells to swell and expand, becoming turgid. The cell walls prevent the cells from bursting, allowing them to maintain their shape. This expansion of the cells helps to provide support to the plant, making it more rigid and upright.Rate this question:
-
- 12.
A ribosome is
- A.
Part of a cell which controls its activity
- B.
A route for substances to pass through a cell
- C.
Where protein synthesis occurs
- D.
A liquid gel in which chemical reactions take place
Correct Answer
C. Where protein synthesis occursExplanation
A ribosome is where protein synthesis occurs. Ribosomes are small organelles found in cells that are responsible for translating the genetic information from DNA into proteins. They do this by linking amino acids together in a specific order to form a polypeptide chain, which then folds into a functional protein. Ribosomes can be found in both the cytoplasm of the cell and on the endoplasmic reticulum. They are composed of RNA and proteins and are essential for the proper functioning of cells.Rate this question:
-
- 13.
What is the component of cellulose?
- A.
Sugar
- B.
Fats
- C.
Protein
- D.
Water
Correct Answer
A. SugarExplanation
Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate made up of glucose molecules linked together. These glucose molecules are the sugar component of cellulose. Cellulose is a major structural component of plant cell walls and provides rigidity and support to plants. It cannot be digested by humans and is considered a dietary fiber.Rate this question:
-
- 14.
More water enters a cell by osmosis if which of the following occurs to the external solution?
- A.
Remove water
- B.
Add more solute
- C.
Increase the temperature
- D.
Change the pH
Correct Answer
C. Increase the temperatureExplanation
When the temperature of the external solution increases, the kinetic energy of the water molecules also increases. This increased kinetic energy leads to more collisions between the water molecules and the cell membrane, causing more water molecules to enter the cell by osmosis. Therefore, increasing the temperature of the external solution results in more water entering the cell.Rate this question:
-
Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
-
Current Version
-
Apr 15, 2024Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Jun 28, 2009Quiz Created by
Ianrobertson