CCNA 4 Final Exam The Best

By adding the command "ip dhcp excluded-address 10.10.4.1 10.10.4.5" to the configuration of the local router, the DHCP server will exclude the addresses ranging from 10.10.4.1 to 10.10.4.5 from being assigned to clients. This means that these addresses will not be available for lease by the DHCP server, ensuring that they are not assigned to any devices on the network.

WiMAX is the correct answer because it is an IEEE 802.16 broadband wireless technology that provides high-speed internet access comparable to DSL and cable. WiMAX networks can deliver fast and reliable internet connections over long distances, making it a suitable option for users to connect to their Internet Service Provider (ISP) at high speeds. Wi-Fi, satellite, and Metro Ethernet are not specifically designed for the same purpose as WiMAX and may not offer the same level of performance.

The demarcation point is the physical location where the responsibility for a WAN connection changes from the user to the service provider. It is the point where the user's network ends and the service provider's network begins. At this point, the service provider takes over the maintenance and management of the connection, ensuring its reliability and performance. The demarcation point is typically located at the customer premises and is marked by a demarcation device or demarcation point extension.

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The statement that is true about PAP in the authentication of a PPP session is that PAP uses a two-way handshake. This means that both the client and the server exchange their credentials in clear text during the authentication process. The client sends its username and password to the server, and the server compares it with the configured credentials to determine if the authentication is successful. The two-way handshake ensures that both parties are involved in the authentication process, providing a basic level of security for the PPP session.

The three guidelines that would help contribute to creating a strong password policy are deliberately misspelling words when creating passwords, creating passwords that are at least 8 characters in length, and using combinations of upper case, lower case, and special characters. These guidelines ensure that passwords are not easily guessable and provide a higher level of security.

The problem stated in the question is that routers R1 and R3 do not receive RIP routing updates. To remedy this problem, RIP authentication should be enabled on router R2. By enabling RIP authentication, R2 will require authentication from other routers before accepting their RIP routing updates. This will ensure that only authorized routers can send RIP updates to R2, resolving the issue of R1 and R3 not receiving RIP updates.

PPP with CHAP should be used to establish a link without sending authentication information in plain text between a Cisco and a non-Cisco router. PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is a Layer 2 protocol that provides a secure and reliable connection between two routers. CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol) is a secure authentication method that uses a three-way handshake process to authenticate the routers without sending plain text passwords over the link. This combination ensures that the authentication information is protected and not exposed to potential attackers.

HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control) is an encapsulation protocol that is only compatible with another Cisco router. HDLC is a proprietary protocol developed by Cisco and is commonly used for point-to-point connections between Cisco routers. It provides a reliable and efficient way to encapsulate data and control information for transmission over a serial interface. Unlike other protocols like PPP, SLIP, and Frame Relay, HDLC is specific to Cisco devices and cannot be used with non-Cisco routers.

The best way for the network administrator to determine how the change has affected performance and availability on the company intranet is to conduct a performance test and compare it with the baseline that was established previously. By conducting a performance test, the administrator can measure factors such as response time, throughput, and latency to assess the impact of the change. Comparing these test results with the previously established baseline will provide a clear indication of any improvements or degradation in performance and availability.

The correct answer is to boot the router to ROM monitor mode and configure the router to ignore the startup configuration when it initializes. This allows the network administrator to bypass the startup configuration, including the lost password, and gain access to the router. By ignoring the startup configuration, the router will boot up without loading any configuration files, allowing the administrator to reset the password and regain control of the device.

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A standard access control list (ACL) permits or denies access based on the source IP address. This means that it can either allow or block traffic based on the IP address of the device or network that is trying to access a particular resource. The ACL evaluates the source IP address of incoming packets and makes a decision on whether to permit or deny them based on the configured rules. The other variables mentioned, such as protocol type, source MAC address, destination IP address, and destination MAC address, may be used in other types of ACLs but are not specifically mentioned as being permitted or denied by a standard ACL.

The system administrator should configure dynamic NAT with overload. Dynamic NAT allows multiple internal IP addresses to be translated to a smaller pool of public IP addresses. Overload, also known as Port Address Translation (PAT), allows multiple internal hosts to share a single public IP address by using different ports. This allows all ten users to access the Internet simultaneously using the two assigned public IP addresses. DHCP and static NAT would not be sufficient as they do not allow for multiple users to share the same public IP addresses. Static NAT for all ten users would require ten public IP addresses, which is not feasible in this scenario.

Data confidentiality refers to the protection of sensitive information from unauthorized access. Encapsulation is a process of enclosing data within a container, such as a file or a packet, to prevent unauthorized access. Encryption is the process of converting data into a form that can only be accessed with a decryption key, ensuring that even if the data is intercepted, it remains unreadable. Both encapsulation and encryption play crucial roles in maintaining data confidentiality by safeguarding data from unauthorized access and ensuring its integrity.

The distance between a company and the service provider can affect the DSL transfer rates. The farther a company is from the service provider, the more likely it is to experience slower download speeds. This is because the signal strength can weaken over longer distances, leading to a decrease in download speeds. Therefore, it is likely that Company 2 reports lower download speeds compared to Company 1 due to its location being farther from the service provider.

The cause of the problem is that IPv4 is incompatible with RIPng. RIPng is a routing protocol designed specifically for IPv6 and cannot be used to configure IPv4 routes. Therefore, when the administrator tries to enter IPv4 routes into RIPng, they receive an error message. RIPng only supports IPv6 addresses and routes, so IPv4 addresses cannot be used with this protocol.

The correct answer states that the router matches the incoming packet to the statement created by access-list 101 permit ip any 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 command. This means that the router checks if the packet's source IP address matches the specified range (172.16.1.0 to 172.16.1.255) and if it does, it allows the packet into the router without further checking the remaining statements in ACL 101. This suggests that the FTP request packet, which is destined for an FTP server at IP address 172.16.1.5, will be allowed to pass through the router.

Configuring routing protocol authentication is the most effective method in protecting the routing information that is propagated between routers on the network. By implementing authentication, routers can verify the identity of neighboring routers before exchanging routing information, ensuring that only trusted routers can participate in the routing process. This prevents unauthorized routers from injecting false or malicious routing information into the network, enhancing the overall security and integrity of the routing infrastructure.

Based on the output shown, the most likely cause of the malfunctioning serial interface is PPP negotiation failure. This can be inferred from the "Serial0/0 is down, line protocol is down" message, which indicates that there is an issue with the line protocol. PPP negotiation failure occurs when the devices on both ends of the link cannot agree on the authentication or configuration parameters during the PPP handshake process.

The command "permit tcp 192.168.4.0 0.0.3.255 any eq telnet" in an access control list allows all traffic from the 192.168.4.0/22 network to pass through the router on TCP port 23 (Telnet). This means that any device within the 192.168.4.0/22 network will be able to establish Telnet connections with devices on the other side of the router. Traffic from any other network or on any other port will be denied.

Based on the given information, the problem is most likely to be found at the application layer of the OSI model. The administrator is able to ping the local mail server IP address successfully, which indicates that the network and data link layers are functioning properly. Additionally, the administrator is able to resolve the mail server name to an IP address using the nslookup command, suggesting that the network layer is also working correctly. Since the issue is specifically related to receiving emails, it is likely that there is a problem with the application layer responsible for handling email communication.

The routers are unable to establish a PPP session because the usernames are misconfigured. PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) requires authentication between the two routers, and this is typically done using usernames and passwords. If the usernames are not correctly configured on both routers, they will not be able to authenticate each other and establish a PPP session.

A characteristic feature of a worm is that it exploits a known vulnerability. This means that a worm takes advantage of a weakness or flaw in a system or software to spread and infect other devices. By exploiting these vulnerabilities, worms can quickly and easily propagate themselves through networks, causing widespread damage and disruption. Unlike viruses, worms do not need to attach themselves to executable programs or masquerade as legitimate programs. Additionally, worms do not necessarily lie dormant until triggered by an event, time, or date.

The problem is that the pool of addresses for the 192Network pool is configured incorrectly. This means that the DHCP server does not have a valid range of IP addresses to assign to clients. As a result, when the host connected to Fa0/0 requests an IP address, the DHCP server is unable to provide one and generates the error message "DHCPD: there is no address pool for 192.168.3.17".

The PVC is failing because the IETF parameter is missing from the frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.3 203 command. This parameter is necessary for the non-Cisco router at Branch B to understand the encapsulation type being used. Without it, the non-Cisco router is unable to establish the PVC with R2 and R3.

Running Cisco SDM one-step lockdown on the router of a customer will result in the router being tested for potential security problems and any necessary changes being made. This process ensures that the router is secure and protected against potential threats. It helps in identifying any vulnerabilities and implementing the necessary security measures to mitigate them.

A wildcard mask is used in network routing to determine which bits of an IP address should be checked for a match. When a "0" is encountered in a wildcard mask, it means that the corresponding bit in the IP address must be checked. This is because a "0" in the wildcard mask indicates that the bit in the IP address must match exactly, while a "1" indicates that the bit can be either 0 or 1. Therefore, when a "0" is encountered in the wildcard mask, the IP address bit must be checked to determine if it matches the desired criteria.

A CSU/DSU terminates a digital local loop, meaning it connects the customer's network to the service provider's network over a digital line. A modem terminates an analog local loop, meaning it connects the customer's network to the service provider's network over an analog line. A router is commonly considered a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) device, which means it is responsible for generating and receiving data signals in a network.

The correct answer is to reverse the order of the TCP protocol statements in the ACL. By reversing the order, the ACL will first match the specific TCP traffic for telnet and permit it, and then match the any traffic and deny it. This will allow telnet traffic between the two networks while still restricting other traffic.

The show controllers command is used to display detailed information about the hardware components of a device. By using this command, one can determine the type of serial cable being used for a particular interface. This information is crucial for troubleshooting connectivity issues, as different serial cable types may require different configurations or troubleshooting steps.

The address field in the header of a frame that will travel from the DC router to the Orlando router is DLCI 321. This is because DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier) is used in Frame Relay networks to identify the virtual circuit between two routers. In this case, DLCI 321 is the identifier for the virtual circuit between the DC router and the Orlando router.

When R1 performs NAT overload, it replaces the source IP address and port number of the packet with its own IP address and a randomly assigned port number. In this case, the packet from Host A to the Web Server would have its source IP address and port number changed to 172.30.20.1 and 3333 respectively. Therefore, when the return packet from the Web Server is received at R1, its destination IP address and port number would be 172.30.20.1:3333.

The access control list should be applied on interface Fa0/1 in the outbound direction. This means that the ACL will be applied to traffic leaving the Fa0/1 interface, preventing traffic from the 172.16.1.0/24 network from reaching the 172.16.2.0/24 network. However, it will still allow Internet access for all networks.

The most likely cause of the problem is that there are incorrect access control list entries. Access control lists (ACLs) are used to control network traffic and can be configured to allow or deny specific types of traffic. If the ACLs are not properly configured to allow SSH traffic, it can result in the SSH connections between the remote user and the server failing.

The correct answer is that the 192.168.0.0/24 network is the inside network. This can be concluded from the exhibited output of the debug ip nat command.

IPv6 includes built-in security options, such as IPsec, which provides authentication and encryption for network traffic. This enhances the security of IPv6 compared to IPv4. Additionally, when IPv6 is enabled on a router, it can automatically configure link-local IPv6 addresses on all interfaces. This allows devices to communicate on the local network without the need for manual configuration or the use of DHCP.

The likely problem is that the translated address pool is not correctly sized. This means that there are not enough available addresses in the pool to accommodate all ten hosts in the remote office. As a result, some hosts may be unable to connect to resources in the foreign network when all the addresses in the pool are already in use.

The command "frame-relay map" should be used when globally significant rather than locally significant DLCIs are being used. This command is used to map a globally significant DLCI to a specific network layer address. By using this command, the local router can associate the DLCI with a specific network layer address, allowing it to correctly route the data packets over the Frame Relay network. This is necessary when globally significant DLCIs are being used because these DLCIs are unique across the entire Frame Relay network, whereas locally significant DLCIs are only unique within a specific router.

The most likely problem with the RIPng configuration is that the RIPng process is not enabled on interfaces. This means that the routers are not exchanging routing information for the LAN network because the RIPng process is not active on the interfaces connected to that network.

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is a data link layer protocol commonly used for establishing a direct connection between two network nodes. LCP (Link Control Protocol) is a component of PPP that is responsible for establishing, configuring, and terminating the link. Two LCP options that can be configured for PPP are CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), which provides authentication between two peers, and stacker, which is a compression algorithm used to reduce the size of data packets.

Based on the output of the show interface commands, a fault is indicated at the data link layer of the OSI model. This can be inferred because the show interface commands provide information about the status and statistics of the data link layer protocols, such as Ethernet. Therefore, any issues or faults related to the data link layer would be reflected in this output.

The given answer states that if the network administrator issues the commands shown when an ACL called Managers already exists on the router, the commands will overwrite the existing Managers ACL. This means that the new commands entered will replace the previous configuration of the Managers ACL, effectively erasing the previous rules and applying only the new commands.

The problem could be that the vtys are not configured correctly. VTYs (Virtual Terminal Lines) are used to allow remote access to the router using protocols such as Telnet or SSH. If the vtys are not configured correctly, it would prevent the network administrator from accessing the router remotely, which could be the reason why the SDM (Security Device Manager) is not functioning correctly.

An intrusion prevention system (IPS) is responsible for monitoring suspicious processes on a host and identifying potential infections caused by Trojan horse applications. It works by analyzing network traffic and comparing it against a database of known attack signatures or abnormal behavior patterns. If any suspicious activity is detected, the IPS can take immediate action to block or prevent the attack, ensuring the security of the host and network.

The likely cause of the issue is a Layer 2 problem with the router connection. This means that there is an issue with the data link layer of the OSI model, which handles the physical connection and data transfer between devices. It could be a problem with the crossover cable itself or with the Ethernet interfaces of the routers. This would result in a failure to establish a proper connection between Router1 and Router2, causing the inability to connect resources between them.

When NAT (Network Address Translation) is in use on a Cisco router, the addresses that can be translated are determined by the ARP cache. The ARP cache is a table that maps IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network. It is used to resolve IP addresses to their corresponding MAC addresses, allowing devices to communicate with each other. In the context of NAT, the router looks at the ARP cache to determine which IP addresses can be translated, typically mapping them to a single public IP address.

It will be difficult to isolate the problem if two teams are implementing changes independently. When there is an issue with response time on an application server, it is important for both the network and software teams to work together to investigate the source of the problem. If they work independently, it will be difficult to identify and isolate the specific cause of the issue. By collaborating and coordinating their efforts, the teams can more effectively troubleshoot and address the problem.

Access lists are used to filter network traffic based on certain criteria. The statement "There is an implicit deny at the end of all access lists" is true because if a packet does not match any of the conditions specified in the access list, it will be denied by default. The statement "The term 'inbound' refers to traffic that enters the network from the router interface where the ACL is applied" is also true because inbound traffic is traffic that is coming into the network from an external source through the router interface where the access list is implemented.