1999 AP U.S. Govt. & Politics
If you are in AP U. S. Government, this is a practice test for the AP exam, so study study.
- 1.
Which of the following is an example of checks and balances, as established by the Constitution?
- A.
A requirement that states lower their legal drinking age to eighteen as a condition of receiving funds through federal highway grant programs
- B.
Media criticism of public officials during an election campaign period
- C.
The Supreme Court's ability to overturn a lower court decision
- D.
The requirement that presidential appointments to the Supreme Court be approved by the Senate
- E.
The election of the President by the electoral college rather than by direct election
Correct Answer
D. The requirement that presidential appointments to the Supreme Court be approved by the SenateExplanation
The requirement that presidential appointments to the Supreme Court be approved by the Senate is an example of checks and balances because it ensures that the President's power to appoint Supreme Court justices is balanced by the Senate's power to confirm or reject those appointments. This process prevents the President from having complete control over the composition of the Supreme Court and ensures that appointments are subject to scrutiny and approval by another branch of government.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A primary election in which voters are required to identify a party preference before the election and are not allowed to split their ticket is called
- A.
An open primary
- B.
A blanket primary
- C.
A closed primary
- D.
A runoff primary
- E.
A presidential preference primary
Correct Answer
C. A closed primaryExplanation
A closed primary is a primary election where voters are required to declare their party affiliation before the election and are only allowed to vote for candidates from their declared party. This means that voters cannot split their ticket and vote for candidates from different parties. In a closed primary, only registered members of a specific political party can participate and vote for their party's candidates. This system helps to maintain party unity and ensures that party members have a say in selecting their party's nominees.Rate this question:
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- 3.
When selecting a vice-presidential candidate, a presidential nominee is usually concerned primarily with choosing a running mate who
- A.
Has significant personal wealth
- B.
Adds balance and appeal to the national ticket
- C.
Comes from the same ideological wing of the party as the President
- D.
Can serve as the most important domestic policy adviser to the President
- E.
Can effectively preside over the Senate
Correct Answer
B. Adds balance and appeal to the national ticketExplanation
The correct answer is "adds balance and appeal to the national ticket." When selecting a vice-presidential candidate, a presidential nominee is typically concerned with choosing someone who can bring a sense of balance to the ticket. This means selecting someone who complements the presidential nominee's strengths and weaknesses, and who can appeal to a wider range of voters. By selecting a running mate who adds balance and appeal to the national ticket, the presidential nominee increases their chances of winning the election.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The primary function of political action committees (PAC's) is to
- A.
Serve as fund-raising organizations for challengers
- B.
Provide members of Congress with unbiased information regarding proposed legislation
- C.
Consult with the President regarding domestic policy
- D.
Encourage broader participation in politics among the electorate
- E.
Raise campaign funds to support favored candidates
Correct Answer
E. Raise campaign funds to support favored candidatesExplanation
Political action committees (PAC's) are primarily established to raise campaign funds to support favored candidates. PAC's collect donations from individuals, corporations, and other organizations and then use these funds to support the election campaigns of candidates who align with their interests. By raising and distributing campaign funds, PAC's aim to influence the outcome of elections and ensure that candidates sympathetic to their cause are elected to office. This financial support helps candidates with their campaign expenses such as advertising, organizing events, and mobilizing voters, ultimately increasing their chances of winning elections.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Registered voters directly elect which of the following? I. The President and Vice President II. Supreme Court justices III. Members of the Senate IV. Members of the House of Representatives
- A.
I only
- B.
IV only
- C.
I and II only
- D.
III and IV only
- E.
II, III, and IV only
Correct Answer
D. III and IV onlyExplanation
Registered voters directly elect members of the Senate and members of the House of Representatives. The President and Vice President are elected through the Electoral College, and Supreme Court justices are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Therefore, the correct answer is III and IV only.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The role of a conference committee in Congress is to
- A.
Hold hearings on proposed legislation
- B.
Oversee the actions of the executive branch of the government
- C.
Decide which bills should be considered by the full Senate
- D.
Conduct hearings that make information available to the public
- E.
Reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate
Correct Answer
E. Reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and SenateExplanation
The role of a conference committee in Congress is to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate. When the House and Senate pass different versions of a bill, a conference committee is formed to resolve the discrepancies and create a compromise version that both chambers can agree on. This committee consists of members from both chambers and they negotiate and make necessary changes to the bill until a consensus is reached. The reconciled bill is then sent back to both chambers for a final vote before it can be sent to the President for approval.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Supreme Court justices were given tenure subject to good behavior by the framers of the Constitution in order to ensure that
- A.
Justices are free from direct political pressures
- B.
Justices remain accountable to the public
- C.
Justices are encouraged to make politically popular decisions
- D.
Cooperation between the judicial and legislative branches is assured
- E.
Presidents are encouraged to seek younger nominees for the Supreme Court
Correct Answer
A. Justices are free from direct political pressuresExplanation
The framers of the Constitution gave Supreme Court justices tenure subject to good behavior in order to ensure that justices are free from direct political pressures. This means that justices can make their decisions based on the law and the Constitution, rather than being influenced by political considerations or pressures from other branches of government. By providing job security, the framers aimed to create an independent judiciary that can interpret the law impartially and without fear of retaliation or political interference. This helps to safeguard the integrity and impartiality of the judicial branch.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The committee system is more important in the House than in the Senate because
- A.
The seniority system plays no role in the House and therefore committees must play a larger role
- B.
The Constitution mandates the type of committee structure in the House
- C.
Committee members are appointed by the President
- D.
The House is so large that more work can by accomplished in committees than on the floor
- E.
The majority party in the House prefers to give priority to the work of the committees
Correct Answer
D. The House is so large that more work can by accomplished in committees than on the floorExplanation
In the House, the committee system is more important because the House is so large that more work can be accomplished in committees than on the floor. With a large number of representatives, it is more efficient to delegate tasks and responsibilities to committees, allowing them to focus on specific issues and conduct in-depth discussions. This enables the House to handle a greater volume of work and make more informed decisions. Unlike the Senate, where the seniority system plays a role, the House relies on the committee system to ensure effective functioning and productivity.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The most important source of the Supreme Court's caseload is
- A.
Its original jurisdiction
- B.
Its appellate jurisdiction
- C.
Instruction from the solicitor general
- D.
The special master's certification of cases for review
- E.
Congress' certification of cases for review
Correct Answer
B. Its appellate jurisdictionExplanation
The correct answer is its appellate jurisdiction. The Supreme Court's appellate jurisdiction refers to its authority to review and hear appeals from lower courts. This is the primary source of the Court's caseload, as it allows them to review and potentially overturn decisions made by lower courts. The Court exercises its appellate jurisdiction when individuals or parties seek a review of a lower court's decision and file an appeal.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A President attempting to influence Congress to pass a legislative program might employ all of the following strategies EXCEPT
- A.
Using the media to draw attention to the legislative program
- B.
Assigning legislative liaisons in the Executive Office of the President to lobby legislators
- C.
Denying campaign reelection funds to legislators who oppose the President's policy stand
- D.
Exploiting a partisan majority for the President's party in both the House and Senate
- E.
Reminding legislators of high popularity fatings for the President in public opinion polls
Correct Answer
C. Denying campaign reelection funds to legislators who oppose the President's policy standExplanation
A President attempting to influence Congress to pass a legislative program may employ several strategies. These include using the media to draw attention to the legislative program, assigning legislative liaisons in the Executive Office of the President to lobby legislators, exploiting a partisan majority for the President's party in both the House and Senate, and reminding legislators of high popularity ratings for the President in public opinion polls. However, denying campaign reelection funds to legislators who oppose the President's policy stand is not a strategy that a President would typically employ to influence Congress.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Presidents have had the most success in changing the direction of decisions of the federal judiciary by
- A.
Threatening to ask Congress to impeach specific judges
- B.
Using the media to build consensus for the President's position
- C.
Requesting that Congress reduce the term of office that judges may serve
- D.
Using the appointment process to select judges with judicial philosophies similar to those of the President
- E.
Pressuring Congress to pass the appropriate legislation to override judicial opinions
Correct Answer
D. Using the appointment process to select judges with judicial philosophies similar to those of the PresidentExplanation
Presidents have had the most success in changing the direction of decisions of the federal judiciary by using the appointment process to select judges with judicial philosophies similar to those of the President. This allows the President to have a direct influence on the composition of the judiciary, ensuring that judges appointed share similar views and values. By appointing judges with similar philosophies, the President can shape the direction of the judiciary and increase the likelihood of decisions aligning with their own agenda and policy goals.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following did the most to expand civil rights in the 1950's?
- A.
State legislative decisions desegregating public accommodations
- B.
State court decisions outlawing poll taxes
- C.
The passage of voting-rights legislation by Congress
- D.
Executive orders mandating affirmative action
- E.
The Supreme Court decision declaring state mandated school segregation to be unconstitutional
Correct Answer
E. The Supreme Court decision declaring state mandated school segregation to be unconstitutionalExplanation
In the 1950s, the Supreme Court decision declaring state mandated school segregation to be unconstitutional had the most significant impact in expanding civil rights. This landmark ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 paved the way for desegregation in public schools and challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine. The decision not only dismantled legal segregation in education but also set a precedent for challenging racial segregation in other areas of society. This ruling was a major catalyst for the civil rights movement and played a crucial role in advancing equal rights for African Americans.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following is true about the right of free speech, as currently interpreted by the Supreme Court?
- A.
It protects the right to express opinions even without the actual use of words
- B.
It protects the use of language deemed obscene by the courts
- C.
It allows citizens to disobey laws that they believe to be unjust
- D.
It is protected from infringement by the federal government but not from infringement by state governments
- E.
It cannot be limited in any manner
Correct Answer
A. It protects the right to express opinions even without the actual use of wordsExplanation
The right of free speech, as currently interpreted by the Supreme Court, protects the right to express opinions even without the actual use of words. This means that individuals have the freedom to express their thoughts and ideas through various forms of non-verbal communication, such as symbolic gestures, signs, or actions. The Supreme Court recognizes that freedom of speech extends beyond just spoken or written words, allowing individuals to express themselves in different ways.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The importance of Shays' Rebellion to the development of the United States Constitution was that it
- A.
Revealed the necessity of both adding the Bill of Rights to the Constitution and creating a new system of checks and balances
- B.
Demonstrated the intensity of anti-ratification sentiment within the thirteen states
- C.
Indicated that a strong, constitutionally designed national government was needed to protect property and maintain order
- D.
Convinced the delegates attending the Constitutional Convention to accept the Connecticut Plan
- E.
Reinforced the idea that slavery should be outlawed in the new Constitution
Correct Answer
C. Indicated that a strong, constitutionally designed national government was needed to protect property and maintain orderExplanation
Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts in 1786-1787 led by farmers who were protesting against high taxes and debt. The rebellion highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and the inability of the national government to maintain order and protect property. This led to the realization that a stronger, constitutionally designed national government was necessary to address these issues. Therefore, the rebellion indicated that a strong, constitutionally designed national government was needed to protect property and maintain order.Rate this question:
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- 15.
In a federal system of government, political power is primarily
- A.
Vested in local governments
- B.
Vested in the regional governments
- C.
Vested in the central government
- D.
Divided between the central government and regional governments
- E.
Divided between regional governments and local governments
Correct Answer
D. Divided between the central government and regional governmentsExplanation
In a federal system of government, political power is divided between the central government and regional governments. This means that both levels of government have their own separate powers and responsibilities. The central government has authority over matters that affect the entire country, such as national defense and foreign policy. Regional governments, on the other hand, have authority over matters that are specific to their particular region, such as education and healthcare. This division of power allows for a balance between a strong central government and local autonomy, ensuring that both national and regional interests are represented and addressed.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following generalizations about group voting tendencies is true?
- A.
Jewish voters tend to vote Republican
- B.
Protestant voters tend to be more liberal than Roman Catholics on economic issues
- C.
More women than men identify themselves as Republicans
- D.
Rural voters are more likely to support Democratic candidates than are urban voters
- E.
African American Democrats tend to support the more liberal candidates within their party
Correct Answer
E. African American Democrats tend to support the more liberal candidates within their partyExplanation
African American Democrats tend to support the more liberal candidates within their party. This generalization is based on the observation that African American Democrats, as a group, tend to align themselves with the more progressive and liberal wing of the Democratic party. This is supported by historical voting patterns and surveys that have shown that African American Democrats are more likely to support policies and candidates that promote social justice, civil rights, and economic equality. However, it is important to note that this is a generalization and individual voting preferences may vary.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following is a significant trend in the presidential nominating process over the past three decades?
- A.
Replacement of national party conventions by national primaries for each party
- B.
Increasing importance of presidential primaries rather than state conventions
- C.
A sharply declining role for politicial action committees (PAC's)
- D.
Decreasing cost of campaigns
- E.
Increasing control by political party leaders over outcomes
Correct Answer
B. Increasing importance of presidential primaries rather than state conventionsExplanation
In the past three decades, there has been a significant trend towards the increasing importance of presidential primaries rather than state conventions in the presidential nominating process. This means that the selection of presidential candidates has shifted from being primarily determined by state conventions to being more influenced by the outcomes of primaries. This trend reflects a greater emphasis on the voice of individual voters and a move towards a more democratic and inclusive process in selecting presidential nominees.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Congressional standing committees are best described as
- A.
Specially appointed investigative bodies
- B.
Joint committees of the two houses of Congress
- C.
Committees created for each session
- D.
Permanent subject-matter committees
- E.
Advisory staff agencies
Correct Answer
D. Permanent subject-matter committeesExplanation
Congressional standing committees are permanent subject-matter committees. These committees are established in each session of Congress and are responsible for conducting investigations, drafting legislation, and overseeing specific policy areas. Unlike temporary committees, standing committees are ongoing and have the authority to propose and review legislation on a continuous basis. They play a crucial role in the legislative process by examining bills, holding hearings, and making recommendations for action to the full Congress.Rate this question:
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- 19.
All of the followign powers are granted to the President by the Constitution EXCEPT
- A.
Commissioning officers in the armed forces
- B.
Addressing the Congress on the state of the union
- C.
Receiving ambassadors
- D.
Granting pardons for federal offenses
- E.
Forming new cabinet-level departments
Correct Answer
E. Forming new cabinet-level departmentsExplanation
The President is granted the power to commission officers in the armed forces, address the Congress on the state of the union, receive ambassadors, and grant pardons for federal offenses by the Constitution. However, forming new cabinet-level departments is not explicitly mentioned as a power granted to the President by the Constitution.Rate this question:
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- 20.
In which of the following did Congress move to regain powers previously lost to the executive branch?
- A.
Budget and Impoundment Control Act
- B.
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act
- C.
Presidential Disability Act
- D.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
- E.
Persian Gulf War Resolution
Correct Answer
A. Budget and Impoundment Control ActExplanation
The Budget and Impoundment Control Act was passed by Congress in order to regain powers that had been previously lost to the executive branch. This act aimed to restore Congress's authority over the budget process and limit the President's ability to impound funds without congressional approval. It established a process for creating and passing a budget, as well as mechanisms for enforcing budgetary discipline. By passing this act, Congress sought to reassert its role in fiscal matters and regain control over the power of the purse.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following actions can Gongress take if the Supreme Court finds a federal law unconstitutional?
- A.
Appeal the Court's decision to the District of Columbia's Court of Appeals
- B.
Formally request the President to veto the Court's decision
- C.
Remove certain members of teh Court and replace them with new members
- D.
Try to amend the Constitution
- E.
Reenact the same law
Correct Answer
D. Try to amend the ConstitutionExplanation
If the Supreme Court finds a federal law unconstitutional, Congress can try to amend the Constitution. This means that they can propose changes to the Constitution in order to modify or overturn the Court's decision. Amending the Constitution requires a lengthy and complex process, involving approval by two-thirds of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, as well as ratification by three-fourths of the states. By amending the Constitution, Congress can effectively address the issue raised by the Court's ruling and ensure that the law in question is constitutionally valid.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following statements about Congress is true?
- A.
Members of Congress only occasionally are interested in and pay attention to constituents
- B.
The legislative process is frequently lengthy, decentralized, and characterized by compromise and bargaining
- C.
Lobbyists and political action committees successfully induce most members of Congress to trade their votes for campaign contributions
- D.
The growth in the size of Congress as organization is the principal cause of growth in the federal budget deficit
- E.
Debate in both houses is structured by elaborate rules enacted by leaders of the majority party
Correct Answer
B. The legislative process is frequently lengthy, decentralized, and characterized by compromise and bargainingExplanation
The legislative process in Congress is often lengthy because it involves multiple stages such as committee hearings, floor debates, and voting. It is also decentralized as power is distributed among different committees and individual members. Compromise and bargaining are common in Congress as members from different parties and interests must negotiate and find common ground to pass legislation. This statement accurately describes the nature of the legislative process in Congress.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following is articulated in the War Powers Resolution?
- A.
The President may declare war
- B.
The President must finance any war efforts from a special contingency fund
- C.
The President must bring troops home from hostilities within 60 to 90 days unless Congress extends the time
- D.
The president may not nationalize state militias without congressional consent
- E.
The President may not send troops into hostilities without a declaration of war from Congress or a resolution from the United Nations
Correct Answer
C. The President must bring troops home from hostilities within 60 to 90 days unless Congress extends the timeExplanation
The War Powers Resolution articulates that the President must bring troops home from hostilities within 60 to 90 days unless Congress extends the time. This means that the President cannot keep troops engaged in hostilities for an extended period without approval from Congress. This provision was put in place to ensure that the President does not unilaterally commit the country to prolonged military engagements without the consent of the legislative branch. It serves as a check on the President's power to use military force and emphasizes the importance of congressional oversight in matters of war.Rate this question:
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- 24.
In the 1992 election, the membership of Congress was altered significantly by an increase in the number of
- A.
Conservative Democrates
- B.
Liberal Republicans
- C.
Third-party representatives
- D.
Political independents
- E.
Minorities and women
Correct Answer
E. Minorities and womenExplanation
In the 1992 election, the membership of Congress was altered significantly by an increase in the number of minorities and women. This means that more individuals from minority groups and women were elected to serve in Congress during that election. This shift in representation suggests a diversification of Congress and a move towards more inclusive and representative governance.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Discrimination in public accommodations was made illegal in the United States as a direct result of the
- A.
Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
- B.
Supreme Court decision in Sweatt v. Painter
- C.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
- D.
Montgomery bus boycott
- E.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Correct Answer
C. Civil Rights Act of 1964Explanation
The correct answer is the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This landmark legislation was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. It prohibited discrimination in public accommodations, such as hotels, restaurants, and theaters, based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The act was a major victory for the Civil Rights Movement and helped to dismantle Jim Crow laws and practices that had enforced racial segregation and discrimination in the United States. It was a significant step towards achieving equality and civil rights for all Americans.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to the states because of the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution's
- A.
Preamble
- B.
Necessary and proper clause
- C.
Supremacy clause
- D.
Tenth Amendment
- E.
Fourteenth Amendment
Correct Answer
E. Fourteenth AmendmentExplanation
The Fourteenth Amendment states that no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The Supreme Court has interpreted this amendment to incorporate most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights and apply them to the states. This means that states must also respect and protect the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Bill of Rights, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the right to a fair trial.Rate this question:
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- 27.
In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court established which of the following principles?
- A.
States cannot interfere with or tax the legitimate activities of the federal government
- B.
The judicial branch cannot intervene in political disputes between the President and Congress
- C.
The federal Bill of Rights places no limitations of the states
- D.
The federal governments has the power to regulate commerce
- E.
It is within the judiciary's authority to interpret the constitution
Correct Answer
A. States cannot interfere with or tax the legitimate activities of the federal governmentExplanation
In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court established the principle that states cannot interfere with or tax the legitimate activities of the federal government. This case involved a dispute over whether the state of Maryland had the authority to impose a tax on the Second Bank of the United States, which was a federal institution. The Supreme Court ruled that the state's actions were unconstitutional because they interfered with the functioning of a federal entity. This decision affirmed the supremacy of the federal government over the states in matters of taxation and regulation.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Political socialization is the process by which
- A.
The use of private property is regulated by the government
- B.
Governments communicate with each other
- C.
Public attitudes toward government are measured and reported
- D.
Political values are passed to the next generation
- E.
Children are trained for successful occupations
Correct Answer
D. Political values are passed to the next generationExplanation
Political socialization is the process by which political values are passed to the next generation. It involves the transmission of political beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors from one generation to another, usually within families and through educational institutions. This process helps individuals develop their political identity and understanding of the political system, shaping their future political participation and decision-making. Through socialization, individuals learn about their rights, responsibilities, and the values and ideologies that underpin the political system, enabling them to become informed and active citizens.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following is the most important influence on the choice made by voters in presidential elections?
- A.
Partisan identification
- B.
Party platform adopted at the national convention
- C.
Vie-presidential running mate
- D.
Endorsement by political incumbents
- E.
Appeal of the candidates' spouses
Correct Answer
A. Partisan identificationExplanation
Partisan identification refers to an individual's affiliation or loyalty to a particular political party. This is considered the most important influence on the choice made by voters in presidential elections because it reflects their long-term beliefs, values, and ideologies. People tend to vote for the candidate from their preferred party, as they align with their policy positions and overall agenda. Partisan identification also influences voters' perception of the candidates, shaping their opinions and voting behavior. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in determining the outcome of presidential elections.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The advantages of incumbency in congressional elections include which of the following?I. Incumbents receive more campaign contributions than do challengers.II. Incumbents are able to provide important services for individual voters.III. The government provides campaign funds for incumbents.IV. Teh President usually endorses incumbents for reelection.V. Most American voters believe Congress does a good job.
- A.
I and II only
- B.
III and IV only
- C.
I, IV, and V only
- D.
II, III, and V only
- E.
III, IV, and V only
Correct Answer
A. I and II onlyExplanation
Incumbents in congressional elections have the advantage of receiving more campaign contributions than challengers, which is stated in option I. This allows them to have more financial resources to run their campaigns effectively. Additionally, incumbents are able to provide important services for individual voters, which is mentioned in option II. This can include helping constituents with issues, providing assistance with government programs, or addressing their concerns. However, options III, IV, and V are not correct because the government does not provide campaign funds for incumbents, the endorsement of the President is not a guarantee, and not all American voters believe Congress does a good job.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following statements about rules of procedure in the House and Senate is correct?
- A.
Debate by a determined minority in either chamber cannot be halted
- B.
The rules in each chamber are determined by the majority whip
- C.
The rules are specifies in Article I of the Constitution
- D.
The rules can be changed by the President during a national emergency
- E.
The House operates more by formal rules, while the Senate operates more on informal understandings
Correct Answer
E. The House operates more by formal rules, while the Senate operates more on informal understandingsExplanation
The answer is correct because it accurately describes the difference in operating procedures between the House and Senate. The House of Representatives has more formal rules in place, such as strict time limits on debates and a centralized leadership structure. On the other hand, the Senate operates with more informal understandings, allowing for extended debates and giving individual senators more power to shape legislation. This difference in rules and procedures is a key distinction between the two chambers of Congress.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the following procedures results in the removal of the President from office?
- A.
The House and Senate vote for impeachment, and the Supreme Court reaches a guilty verdict
- B.
The House votes for impeachment, and the Senate conducts a trial and reaches a guilty verdict
- C.
The House and Senate both vote for a bill of impeachment
- D.
Only the House votes for a bill of impeachment
- E.
A criminal court finds the President guilty of "high crimes and misdemeanors"
Correct Answer
B. The House votes for impeachment, and the Senate conducts a trial and reaches a guilty verdictExplanation
The correct answer is "The House votes for impeachment, and the Senate conducts a trial and reaches a guilty verdict." This procedure is outlined in the United States Constitution under Article I, Section 2 and Article I, Section 3. The House of Representatives has the power to impeach the President by voting for articles of impeachment, which is essentially an accusation of misconduct. If the House votes in favor of impeachment, the case then moves to the Senate, where a trial is conducted. The Senate acts as the jury, and if they reach a two-thirds majority vote for a guilty verdict, the President is removed from office.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Interest groups and political parties both promote United States democracy by
- A.
Expressing detailed, ideologically distinct programs
- B.
Centralizing public authority
- C.
Linking citizens to the political process
- D.
Increasing domination of the political process by elites
- E.
Lobbying members of congress
Correct Answer
C. Linking citizens to the political processExplanation
Interest groups and political parties play a crucial role in linking citizens to the political process. They provide platforms for individuals to engage in political activities, express their concerns, and advocate for their interests. Both interest groups and political parties organize and mobilize citizens, encouraging them to participate in elections, campaigns, and other political activities. By doing so, they help citizens become more informed and involved in the democratic process, ensuring that their voices are heard and their interests are represented.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the selection of the caseload for the United States Supreme Court?
- A.
The United States Constitution spells out all of the categories of cases that the Supreme Court must hear
- B.
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court has the authority to select the cases that the Court will hear
- C.
The Solicitor General in the Department of Justice determines the Supreme court's agenda
- D.
The Supreme Court is free to choose the cases it hears with only a few limitations
- E.
The Attorney General screens cases for consideration by the Court
Correct Answer
D. The Supreme Court is free to choose the cases it hears with only a few limitationsExplanation
The Supreme Court has the freedom to choose the cases it hears, but this freedom is subject to a few limitations. The Court can exercise its discretion in selecting cases that it believes are significant or have the potential to establish important legal precedents. However, the Court is limited by factors such as the requirement that cases must present a genuine legal controversy, the need for standing or legal interest in the case by the parties involved, and the availability of resources to handle the caseload. Ultimately, the Court has the power to decide which cases it will hear, but it must adhere to these limitations.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The boundaries of United States congressional districts are usually determined by
- A.
The Federal Election Commission (FEC)
- B.
The state legislatures
- C.
The House Rules Committee
- D.
A conference committee of the House and Senate
- E.
The director of the United States Census Bureau
Correct Answer
B. The state legislaturesExplanation
The correct answer is the state legislatures. The boundaries of United States congressional districts are typically determined by the state legislatures. This means that each state has the authority to draw and adjust the boundaries of its own congressional districts. This process, known as redistricting, usually occurs every ten years following the completion of the United States Census. State legislatures have the power to manipulate district boundaries in a way that can favor certain political parties or incumbents, leading to potential gerrymandering concerns.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Public monies are used to help finance which of the following campaigns?I. PresidentialII. CongressionalIII. Gubernatorial
- A.
I only
- B.
II only
- C.
I and II only
- D.
II and III only
- E.
I, II, and III
Correct Answer
A. I onlyExplanation
Public monies are used to help finance Presidential campaigns. This means that funds from the government are allocated to support the financial needs of candidates running for the position of President. However, public monies are not used to finance Congressional or Gubernatorial campaigns, which is why options II and III are incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is I only.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Diversity of public policy throughout the United States is primarily a consequence of
- A.
Federalism
- B.
Separation of powers
- C.
Innovation within bureaucratic agencies
- D.
Decentralization in the Senate
- E.
Lack of party discipline in the House
Correct Answer
A. FederalismExplanation
The correct answer is federalism. The diversity of public policy throughout the United States can be attributed to federalism, which is the division of power between the federal government and state governments. This system allows states to have their own policies and laws, resulting in a wide range of approaches and regulations across different states. Federalism promotes local autonomy and allows states to address their unique needs and preferences, leading to a diverse range of public policies throughout the country.Rate this question:
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- 38.
All of the following have contributed to an increase in presidential power in the post-1945 era EXCEPT
- A.
Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War period
- B.
An increase in public expectations for services from the federal government
- C.
Economic and domestic problems such as inflation, unemployment, and civil rights issues
- D.
Increasing United States involvement in international affairs
- E.
Legislation granting the President the power to impound funds appropriated by Congress
Correct Answer
E. Legislation granting the President the power to impound funds appropriated by CongressExplanation
The correct answer is legislation granting the President the power to impound funds appropriated by Congress. This is because the impoundment of funds refers to the President's ability to refuse to spend money that has been allocated by Congress for specific purposes. While this power was granted to the President in the past, it has been significantly curtailed since the 1970s. Therefore, it does not contribute to an increase in presidential power in the post-1945 era. On the other hand, tensions with the Soviet Union, increased public expectations, economic and domestic problems, and increasing international involvement have all contributed to an increase in presidential power.Rate this question:
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- 39.
One of the formal tools used by Congress for oversight of the bureaucracy is
- A.
The line-item veto
- B.
Authorization of spending
- C.
Impoundment bills
- D.
Private bills
- E.
Senatorial courtesy
Correct Answer
B. Authorization of spendingExplanation
The correct answer is authorization of spending. Congress has the power to oversee the bureaucracy by authorizing the spending of funds. This means that they have the authority to approve or reject the budget proposals put forth by the executive branch. By controlling the purse strings, Congress can ensure that the bureaucracy is using funds in a responsible and efficient manner. This oversight mechanism allows Congress to hold the bureaucracy accountable for its actions and ensure that taxpayer money is being used effectively.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Decisions reached by the Supreme Court under the leadership of Chief Justice Earl Warren (1953 - 1969) did all of the following EXCEPT
- A.
Rule against malapportionment in state legislatures
- B.
Void state statutes that permitted school segregation
- C.
Invalidate state abortion status
- D.
Expand the rights of criminal defendants
- E.
Increase protection for First Amendment freedoms
Correct Answer
C. Invalidate state abortion statusExplanation
During Chief Justice Earl Warren's tenure, the Supreme Court made several significant decisions that expanded civil rights and liberties. They ruled against malapportionment in state legislatures, voided state statutes permitting school segregation, increased protection for First Amendment freedoms, and expanded the rights of criminal defendants. However, they did not invalidate state abortion status. This means that the Supreme Court did not make a decision to declare state laws on abortion as unconstitutional during Chief Justice Earl Warren's leadership.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The "Miranda warning" represents and attempt to protect criminal suspects against
- A.
Unfair police interrogation
- B.
Biased jury selection
- C.
Imprisonment without trial
- D.
Illegal wiretapping
- E.
Unjustified police surveillance
Correct Answer
A. Unfair police interrogationExplanation
The "Miranda warning" is a legal requirement that ensures criminal suspects are informed of their rights before being interrogated by the police. It is aimed at protecting them against unfair police interrogation tactics, such as coercion or intimidation, which could lead to self-incrimination. The warning reminds suspects of their right to remain silent and have an attorney present during questioning. By providing this warning, the justice system seeks to safeguard suspects' rights and prevent any potential violations during the interrogation process.Rate this question:
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- 42.
The reserved powers of thestate governments can best be described as those powers
- A.
Not specifically granted to the national government or denied to the states
- B.
Implied in the Fifth Amendment
- C.
Listed specifically in the Tenth Amendment
- D.
Exercised by both national and state governments
- E.
Granted to states as part of the implied powers doctrine
Correct Answer
A. Not specifically granted to the national government or denied to the statesExplanation
The reserved powers of the state governments refer to powers that are not specifically granted to the national government or denied to the states. These powers are reserved for the individual states, allowing them to govern themselves in areas that are not explicitly outlined in the Constitution. This concept is established in the Tenth Amendment, which states that any powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved for the states or the people.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Critical elections in the United States typically have occurred
- A.
As a result of a temporary shift in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties
- B.
Whenever a third party has secured more than fifteen percent of the presidential vote
- C.
Each time a Republican has been elected President
- D.
When voter turnout has declined significantly from the previous election
- E.
When groups of voters have changed their traditional patterns of party loyalties
Correct Answer
E. When groups of voters have changed their traditional patterns of party loyaltiesExplanation
Critical elections in the United States typically occur when groups of voters change their traditional patterns of party loyalties. This means that there is a significant shift in the support of certain voter groups towards different political parties. These shifts can be caused by various factors such as changing demographics, social issues, or economic conditions. When these shifts occur, it often leads to a realignment of the political landscape and can have a significant impact on the outcome of elections.Rate this question:
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- 44.
When 18 to 21 year olds received the right to vote in 1971, in the 1972 national elections they did which of the following?
- A.
Voted overwhelmingly for Republican candidates
- B.
Voted overwhelmingly for Democratic candidates
- C.
Voted overwhelmingly for radical candidates
- D.
Tuned out a at a lower rate than the rest of the electorate
- E.
Turned out at the same rate as the rest of the electorate
Correct Answer
D. Tuned out a at a lower rate than the rest of the electorateExplanation
When 18 to 21 year olds received the right to vote in 1971, they tuned out at a lower rate than the rest of the electorate. This means that a smaller percentage of 18 to 21 year olds chose not to vote compared to the rest of the voting population.Rate this question:
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- 45.
The largest amount of political coverage in newspapers during presidential campaigns is devoted to
- A.
Day-to-day campaign activities
- B.
The platforms of the major parties
- C.
Candidates' policy stands on domestic issues
- D.
Candidates' stands on foreign policy issues
- E.
Candidates' experience and qualifications
Correct Answer
A. Day-to-day campaign activitiesExplanation
During presidential campaigns, the largest amount of political coverage in newspapers is devoted to day-to-day campaign activities. This is because the media tends to focus on the latest developments and events surrounding the campaign, such as rallies, speeches, debates, and scandals. These activities are considered newsworthy and attract the attention of readers, making them the primary subject of coverage. While other topics like party platforms, policy stands, experience, and qualifications are also important, they may not receive as much coverage as day-to-day campaign activities.Rate this question:
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- 46.
A state has 11 electoral votes. In a presidential election, the Democratic candidate receives 48 percent of that state's popular vote, the Republican candidate receives 40 percent of the vote, and an independent candidate receives 12 percent of the vote.If the state is similar to most other states, how will the electoral votes most likely be allocated?
- A.
The Democratic candidate will receive 5 electoral votes, the Republican will receive 4, and the independent will receive 2
- B.
The Democratic candidate will receive 6 electoral votes and the Republican will receive 5
- C.
The Democratic candidate will receive all 11 electoral votes
- D.
The votes will not be allocated until there has been a runoff election between the Democratic and Republican candidates
- E.
The House of Representatives will determine the allocation of the electoral votes
Correct Answer
C. The Democratic candidate will receive all 11 electoral votesExplanation
In most states, the candidate who wins the popular vote receives all of the state's electoral votes. Since the Democratic candidate received 48 percent of the popular vote, which is the highest percentage among the candidates, they will receive all 11 electoral votes.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about political parties in the United States?
- A.
Parties increasingly identify themselves with coherent ideologies to attract large blocs of voters
- B.
The percentage of voters identifying themselves as either Democrats or Republicans has been declining since the 1970's
- C.
National party organizations are generally the strongest party organizations
- D.
It is increasingly difficult for third parties to gain more than two percent of the popular vote
- E.
Most candidates prefer to run as independents rather than Democrats or Republicans
Correct Answer
B. The percentage of voters identifying themselves as either Democrats or Republicans has been declining since the 1970'sExplanation
The answer states that the percentage of voters identifying themselves as either Democrats or Republicans has been declining since the 1970's. This suggests that there is a trend of decreasing party affiliation among voters in the United States.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The congressional power that has been contested most frequently in the federal courts is the power to
- A.
Establish post offices
- B.
Coin money
- C.
Levy taxes
- D.
Regulate commerce with foreign nations
- E.
Regulate interstate commerce
Correct Answer
E. Regulate interstate commerceExplanation
The power to regulate interstate commerce has been contested most frequently in the federal courts because it is a broad and ambiguous power granted to Congress in the Constitution. This power allows Congress to regulate trade and economic activities between states, which can have significant implications for businesses and individuals. As a result, there have been numerous legal challenges and debates over the scope and limits of this power, leading to frequent court cases and interpretations.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Which of the following is an accurate statement about committees in Congress?
- A.
The work of a committee ends when it submits a bill to the full House or Senate for consideration
- B.
An individual representative or senator can serve on only one committee and one subcommittee
- C.
Membership on key committees such as House Rules and Senate Finance is limited to fixed terms
- D.
Standing committees oversee the bureaucracy's implementation of legislation
- E.
Committee recommendations tend to have little influence on floor voting
Correct Answer
D. Standing committees oversee the bureaucracy's implementation of legislationExplanation
Standing committees oversee the bureaucracy's implementation of legislation. This means that these committees are responsible for monitoring and ensuring that the laws passed by Congress are effectively implemented by the executive branch. They play a crucial role in overseeing the implementation of policies and holding the executive branch accountable. This statement accurately describes the role and function of standing committees in Congress.Rate this question:
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- 50.
The request of recent Presidents for the line-item veto is a challenge to which of the following principles?
- A.
Separation of powers
- B.
Senatorial courtesy
- C.
Eminent domain
- D.
Executive privilege
- E.
Congressional oversight
Correct Answer
A. Separation of powersExplanation
The request of recent Presidents for the line-item veto challenges the principle of separation of powers. This principle is a fundamental aspect of the U.S. Constitution, which divides the powers of the government into three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial. The line-item veto would allow the President to selectively veto specific provisions of a bill, which could potentially infringe on the legislative branch's power to create laws. Therefore, the request for the line-item veto challenges the principle of separation of powers by potentially giving the executive branch too much control over the legislative process.Rate this question:
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