Mod A - Special Senses
Unit 2 Chapters 4, 5 and 6.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The snellen chart should be how many feet from the patient's eye?
- A.
5
- B.
10
- C.
15
- D.
20
Correct Answer
D. 20Explanation
The snellen chart should be placed 20 feet from the patient's eye. This is because the snellen chart is a standardized eye chart used to measure visual acuity. It consists of letters or symbols that decrease in size as you move down the chart. By placing the chart 20 feet away, it allows for accurate measurement of the patient's visual acuity at a standardized distance.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Strabismus is also called?
- A.
Glaucoma
- B.
Squint
- C.
Exophthalmos
- D.
Nearsightedness
Correct Answer
B. SquintExplanation
Strabismus is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned and do not work together to focus on an object. This condition is commonly known as "squint." Glaucoma refers to a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, while exophthalmos is the medical term for bulging eyes. Nearsightedness, also known as myopia, is a refractive error that causes distant objects to appear blurry. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "Squint."Rate this question:
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- 3.
The malleus, incus and stapes are tiny bones located in the?
- A.
Outer ear
- B.
Middle ear
- C.
Inner ear
- D.
Cochlea
Correct Answer
B. Middle earExplanation
The malleus, incus, and stapes are tiny bones located in the middle ear. These bones are also known as the ossicles and are responsible for transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. They amplify and transmit the sound waves, allowing us to hear properly. The middle ear is the space between the eardrum and the inner ear, where these bones are found.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The medical term for nearsightedness is?
- A.
Myopia
- B.
Amblyopia
- C.
Nyctalopia
- D.
Retinoblastoma
Correct Answer
A. MyopiaExplanation
Myopia is the correct answer because it is the medical term for nearsightedness. Nearsightedness is a condition in which a person can see objects that are close to them clearly, but objects that are far away appear blurry. Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing light to focus in front of the retina instead of on it. This results in a blurred image for distant objects.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The colored membrane attached to the ciliary body is?
- A.
Cornea
- B.
Pupil
- C.
Iris
- D.
Sclera
Correct Answer
C. IrisExplanation
The colored membrane attached to the ciliary body is the iris. The iris is responsible for controlling the size of the pupil, which regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. It is composed of muscles and pigmented cells, giving it its characteristic color. The iris also plays a role in determining the eye color of an individual.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The medical term for earwax is?
- A.
Cochlea
- B.
Perilymph
- C.
Endolymph
- D.
Cerumen
Correct Answer
D. CerumenExplanation
The correct answer is "cerumen." Cerumen is the medical term for earwax. It is a waxy substance produced by the ceruminous glands in the ear canal. Its purpose is to protect the ear canal by trapping dust, debris, and bacteria, preventing them from reaching the eardrum.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A ringing sound in the ear is called?
- A.
Vertigo
- B.
Tinnitus
- C.
Presbycusis
- D.
Tympanitis
Correct Answer
B. TinnitusExplanation
Tinnitus is the correct answer because it refers to a ringing sound in the ear. It is a condition where a person perceives sounds like ringing, buzzing, or hissing in the absence of any external sound source. This can be caused by various factors such as exposure to loud noises, ear infections, or age-related hearing loss. Vertigo is a different condition characterized by a spinning sensation, presbycusis refers to age-related hearing loss, and tympanitis is the inflammation of the eardrum.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What is the anterior transparent portion of the eyeball?
- A.
Sclera
- B.
Cornea
- C.
Retina
- D.
Iris
Correct Answer
B. CorneaExplanation
The cornea is the anterior transparent portion of the eyeball. It is the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. It plays a crucial role in focusing light onto the retina, which allows us to see clearly. The cornea also helps to protect the eye from dirt, dust, and other foreign particles.Rate this question:
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- 9.
All of the following make up the external structure of the eye except:
- A.
Uvea
- B.
Orbit
- C.
Eyelids
- D.
Conjunctiva
Correct Answer
A. UveaExplanation
The uvea is a part of the internal structure of the eye, not the external structure. The external structure of the eye includes the orbit (eye socket), eyelids, and conjunctiva. The uvea, on the other hand, is a layer of tissue located between the sclera and the retina, and it consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The process of sharpening the focus of light on the retina is known as:
- A.
Vision
- B.
Contraction
- C.
Accommodation
- D.
Dilation
Correct Answer
C. AccommodationExplanation
Accommodation refers to the process of adjusting the shape of the lens in the eye to focus on objects at different distances. This adjustment allows the light to be properly focused on the retina, resulting in clear vision. When we look at objects that are close, the lens becomes thicker to increase its refractive power, and when we look at objects that are far away, the lens becomes thinner. This ability of the eye to adjust its focus is essential for clear and sharp vision at different distances.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What is the opening in the center of the iris?
- A.
Pupil
- B.
Retina
- C.
Sclera
- D.
Cornea
Correct Answer
A. PupilExplanation
The opening in the center of the iris is called the pupil. The iris is the colored part of the eye and the pupil is the black circular area in the center of the iris. The pupil controls the amount of light that enters the eye by dilating or constricting in response to different lighting conditions.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The medical term for dullness of vision is?
- A.
Amblyopia
- B.
Diplopia
- C.
Ametropia
- D.
Aphakia
Correct Answer
A. AmblyopiaExplanation
Amblyopia is the correct answer because it refers to a condition commonly known as "lazy eye" where there is a decrease in vision in one or both eyes. It is characterized by a dullness or reduced clarity of vision, often caused by the brain favoring one eye over the other. Amblyopia is not caused by any structural abnormalities in the eye, but rather by a lack of proper development of vision during childhood.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Drooping of the upper eyelids is called?
- A.
Blepharitis
- B.
Blepharoptosis
- C.
Chalazion
- D.
Conjunctivitis
Correct Answer
B. BlepharoptosisExplanation
Blepharoptosis refers to the drooping of the upper eyelids. This condition can be caused by various factors, such as age, muscle weakness, nerve damage, or trauma. It can affect one or both eyelids and may lead to vision obstruction or a tired appearance. Blepharoptosis is different from blepharitis, chalazion, and conjunctivitis, which are conditions that involve inflammation or infection of the eyelids or conjunctiva.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The medical term for farsightedness is:
- A.
Hyperopia
- B.
Diplopia
- C.
Myopia
- D.
Astigmatism
Correct Answer
A. HyperopiaExplanation
Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is a refractive error in which distant objects appear clearer than near objects. It occurs when the eyeball is shorter than normal or when the cornea is too flat, causing light rays to focus behind the retina instead of directly on it. This results in blurred vision when looking at close objects. Hyperopia can be corrected with prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses that help to focus the light properly onto the retina, allowing for clearer vision at all distances.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is a fungus condition of the ear?
- A.
Otomycosis
- B.
Otopyorrhea
- C.
Otosclerosis
- D.
Otolith
Correct Answer
A. OtomycosisExplanation
Otomycosis refers to a fungal infection of the ear. It occurs when fungi, such as Aspergillus or Candida, invade the ear canal or the external ear. This condition is characterized by symptoms such as itching, pain, discharge, and hearing loss. It is commonly seen in individuals with a history of moisture exposure, such as swimmers or those living in humid environments. Treatment involves antifungal medications, ear cleaning, and keeping the ear dry. Otopyorrhea, otosclerosis, and otolith are unrelated conditions and not specific to fungal infections of the ear.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Serum fluid of the inner ear is called:
- A.
Endolymph
- B.
Cerumen
- C.
Plasma
- D.
Perilymph
Correct Answer
D. PerilymphExplanation
Perilymph is the correct answer because it refers to the fluid found in the inner ear. It fills the space between the membranous labyrinth and the bony labyrinth. Perilymph is important for transmitting sound vibrations and maintaining the balance and stability of the inner ear. Endolymph, on the other hand, is the fluid that fills the membranous labyrinth itself. Cerumen refers to earwax, and plasma is the liquid component of blood.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What is the state of balance?
- A.
Epilation
- B.
Equivalence
- C.
Equatorial
- D.
Equilibrium
Correct Answer
D. EquilibriumExplanation
Equilibrium refers to a state of balance where opposing forces or factors are equal and stable. In this context, the other options - epilation, equivalence, and equatorial - do not pertain to the concept of balance. Epilation refers to the removal of hair, equivalence refers to being equal or equivalent, and equatorial relates to the Earth's equator. Therefore, equilibrium is the correct answer as it specifically denotes a state of balance.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What instrument is used to examine the eardrum?
- A.
Otoscope
- B.
Myringoscope
- C.
Laproscope
- D.
Arthroscope
Correct Answer
B. MyringoscopeExplanation
A myringoscope is an instrument specifically designed to examine the eardrum. It consists of a light source and a magnifying lens, which allows healthcare professionals to visualize the eardrum and identify any abnormalities or infections. An otoscope is also commonly used for the same purpose, but a myringoscope is a more specialized instrument specifically used for examining the eardrum. A laproscope and arthroscope, on the other hand, are instruments used for examining the inside of the abdomen and joints, respectively, and are not relevant to examining the eardrum.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What means inflammation of the ear?
- A.
Labrynthitis
- B.
Otitis
- C.
Tympanitis
- D.
Tinnitus
Correct Answer
B. OtitisExplanation
Otitis refers to inflammation of the ear, which can be caused by various factors such as infection, allergies, or trauma. It can affect different parts of the ear, including the outer ear (otitis externa), middle ear (otitis media), or inner ear (otitis interna). Symptoms may include pain, redness, swelling, and sometimes discharge. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as antibiotics for bacterial infections or antihistamines for allergies. If left untreated, otitis can lead to complications such as hearing loss or chronic ear infections.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What is the narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum?
- A.
Eustachian tube
- B.
Semicircular canals
- C.
Scala vestibuli
- D.
Cochlear duct
Correct Answer
A. Eustachian tubeExplanation
The eustachian tube is a narrow tube that connects the middle ear to the throat. Its main function is to equalize the pressure on both sides of the eardrum. When there is a difference in pressure, such as during changes in altitude or when we swallow, the eustachian tube opens briefly to allow air to flow in or out of the middle ear, thus equalizing the pressure. This helps to prevent discomfort, pain, and potential damage to the eardrum. The other options, semicircular canals, scala vestibuli, and cochlear duct, are not involved in equalizing pressure and have different functions in the ear.Rate this question:
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- 21.
What are the 3 ossicles of the ear?
- A.
Mallica, staples, inguinal
- B.
Malleus, stapes, incus
- C.
Mallet, staple, anvil
- D.
Hammer, anvil and staples
Correct Answer
B. Malleus, stapes, incusExplanation
The correct answer is malleus, stapes, incus. These are the three ossicles of the ear. The malleus, also known as the hammer, is connected to the eardrum and transmits sound vibrations to the incus, or anvil. The incus then passes the vibrations to the stapes, or stirrup, which in turn sends them to the inner ear. These three tiny bones play a crucial role in amplifying and transmitting sound waves, allowing us to hear.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What is the external portion of the ear?
- A.
Otolith
- B.
Tympanic
- C.
Auricle
- D.
Pinnacle
Correct Answer
C. AuricleExplanation
The external portion of the ear is called the auricle. It is the visible part of the ear that is composed of cartilage and skin. The auricle helps to collect sound waves and direct them into the ear canal. It also plays a role in localizing the source of sounds. The otolith is a structure within the inner ear that is involved in sensing gravity and linear acceleration. Tympanic refers to the eardrum, while pinnacle means the highest point or peak of something.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What is the sense of smell?
- A.
Olfaction
- B.
Propriocepters
- C.
Tactile
- D.
Gustatory
Correct Answer
A. OlfactionExplanation
Olfaction refers to the sense of smell. It is the ability to detect and perceive odors in the environment through the nose. This sense is mediated by specialized sensory cells in the nasal cavity called olfactory receptors. These receptors detect and respond to different chemical molecules present in the air, allowing us to distinguish various smells. Olfaction plays a crucial role in our daily lives, influencing our perception of taste, triggering emotions, and even aiding in memory recall.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The organ of Corti contains the sensory receptors responsible for the sense of ?
- A.
Vision
- B.
Smell
- C.
Hearing
- D.
Taste
Correct Answer
C. HearingExplanation
The organ of Corti is a structure located in the cochlea of the inner ear and is responsible for the sense of hearing. It contains sensory receptors called hair cells that convert sound vibrations into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain for interpretation. Therefore, the correct answer is hearing.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The conjunctiva is a thin membrane that covers the lens.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The conjunctiva is a thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye, known as the sclera, and the inner surface of the eyelids. It does not cover the lens, which is a transparent structure located behind the iris and pupil. Therefore, the given statement that the conjunctiva covers the lens is false.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Each inner ear contains three semicircular canals.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because each inner ear does indeed contain three semicircular canals. These canals are part of the vestibular system and are responsible for detecting rotational movements of the head. They play a crucial role in maintaining balance and coordinating eye movements with head movements.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The ciliary muscle changes the shape of the lens.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The ciliary muscle is responsible for changing the shape of the lens. When the ciliary muscle contracts, it causes the lens to become more rounded, allowing for near vision. On the other hand, when the ciliary muscle relaxes, it causes the lens to flatten, enabling distance vision. This process, known as accommodation, allows the eye to focus on objects at different distances. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The fovea is the part of the retina that contains only the rods.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The fovea is actually the part of the retina that contains only cones, not rods. Cones are responsible for color vision and visual acuity, while rods are responsible for vision in low light conditions. Therefore, the statement that the fovea contains only rods is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Vitreous humor is a gelatinous mass that helps stabilize the shape of the eye.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The vitreous humor is indeed a gelatinous mass that is present in the eye. It fills the space between the lens and the retina and helps to maintain the shape of the eyeball. This gel-like substance also plays a role in transmitting light to the retina and providing some support to the structures within the eye. Therefore, the statement that vitreous humor helps stabilize the shape of the eye is true.Rate this question:
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- 30.
_______________ pertains to the sense of hearing.
Correct Answer
AcousticExplanation
The term "acoustic" is used to describe anything related to sound or the sense of hearing. It encompasses the study, production, and transmission of sound waves. In this context, "acoustic" is the correct answer because it directly relates to the sense of hearing.Rate this question:
- 31.
________________ pertaining to the ear.
Correct Answer
AuralExplanation
The word "aural" is used to describe something that is related to the ear. It is derived from the Latin word "auris," which means ear. Therefore, "aural" is the correct answer because it directly relates to the topic of the ear.Rate this question:
- 32.
______________ means double vision.
Correct Answer
DiplopiaExplanation
Diplopia refers to the medical condition of double vision. It occurs when a person sees two images of a single object. This condition can be caused by various factors, including eye muscle weakness, nerve damage, or certain underlying health conditions. Diplopia can affect one or both eyes and may be temporary or persistent. Treatment options for diplopia depend on the underlying cause and may include corrective lenses, eye exercises, medication, or surgery.Rate this question:
- 33.
_____________ means the sense of taste.
Correct Answer
GustationExplanation
Gustation refers to the sense of taste. It is the ability to perceive and distinguish different flavors and tastes through the taste buds on the tongue. This sensory experience allows us to enjoy and identify various types of food and beverages.Rate this question:
- 34.
_________________ pertaining to tears.
Correct Answer
Lacrimal - 35.
__________________ means pain in the ear; earache.
Correct Answer
OtodyniaExplanation
Otodynia refers to pain in the ear or earache. The term "otodynia" is derived from the Greek words "oto" meaning ear and "dynia" meaning pain. Therefore, otodynia is a medical term used to describe the discomfort or pain experienced in the ear.Rate this question:
- 36.
______________ pertaining to the eardrum.
Correct Answer
TympanicExplanation
The word "tympanic" is an adjective that relates to the eardrum. It is commonly used to describe anything that is associated with or pertains to the eardrum.Rate this question:
- 37.
_______________ pertaining to within the eye.
Correct Answer
IntraocularExplanation
The term "intraocular" refers to something that is located or occurring within the eye. It is derived from the Latin words "intra" meaning "within" and "oculus" meaning "eye". Therefore, "intraocular" is the correct answer as it accurately describes something that is related to or happening inside the eye.Rate this question:
- 38.
_______________ means the middle layer in the wall of the eye.
Correct Answer
ChoroidExplanation
The choroid is the middle layer in the wall of the eye. It is located between the retina and the sclera, providing nourishment and oxygen to the retina. The choroid contains blood vessels that supply nutrients to the eye and help regulate its temperature. Additionally, the choroid contains a dark pigment called melanin, which helps absorb excess light and prevent glare within the eye. Overall, the choroid plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of the eye.Rate this question:
- 39.
What are the 4 areas of taste buds?
- A.
Tart, sour, salty, sweet
- B.
Bitter, tart, salty, sweet
- C.
Bitter, sour, salty, sweet
- D.
Bitter, sour, saline, syrupy
Correct Answer
C. Bitter, sour, salty, sweetExplanation
The four areas of taste buds are bitter, sour, salty, and sweet. These taste buds are responsible for detecting different flavors in food and beverages. Bitter taste buds are usually found at the back of the tongue and can detect bitter flavors such as coffee or dark chocolate. Sour taste buds are located on the sides of the tongue and are responsible for detecting acidic flavors like lemon or vinegar. Salty taste buds are located on the front sides of the tongue and can detect salty flavors like salt or soy sauce. Sweet taste buds are located at the tip of the tongue and can detect sweet flavors like sugar or honey.Rate this question:
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- 40.
A dry tongue can taste.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
A dry tongue cannot taste properly. Taste buds on the tongue require moisture to function effectively. When the tongue is dry, the ability to taste is diminished, and flavors may not be perceived accurately. Therefore, the statement that a dry tongue can taste is false.Rate this question:
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- 41.
How many extraocular muscles connect to the sclera?
- A.
3
- B.
4
- C.
5
- D.
6
Correct Answer
D. 6Explanation
There are six extraocular muscles that connect to the sclera. These muscles are responsible for the movement of the eye and include the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, and inferior oblique muscles. Each muscle has a specific function in controlling the movement of the eye in different directions.Rate this question:
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- 42.
The medial rectus muscle moves the eye towards the nose.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The medial rectus muscle is responsible for moving the eye towards the nose. This muscle contracts to pull the eye inward, allowing for convergence and focusing on objects that are close to the face. Therefore, the statement "The medial rectus muscle moves the eye towards the nose" is true.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Lateral rectus moves the eye away from the nose.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because the lateral rectus muscle is responsible for moving the eye away from the nose. This muscle is located on the outer side of each eye and functions to abduct or move the eye outward. When the lateral rectus contracts, it pulls the eye towards the outer side, allowing for horizontal movement and preventing the eyes from crossing or moving inward towards the nose.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Superior rectus muscle moves the eye down.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The superior rectus muscle is responsible for moving the eye upward, not downward. It originates from the common tendinous ring and inserts on the superior surface of the eyeball. When it contracts, it pulls the eye upward, allowing for vertical movement. Therefore, the statement that the superior rectus muscle moves the eye down is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Inferior rectus moves the eye up.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement "Inferior rectus moves the eye up" is incorrect. The inferior rectus muscle is responsible for moving the eye downwards, not upwards.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Superior oblique rotates the eye so that the top of the eye moves toward the nose.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The superior oblique muscle is responsible for rotating the eye in such a way that the top of the eye moves towards the nose. This movement is known as intorsion. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Inferior oblique rotates the eye so that the bottom of the eye moves towards the nose.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because the inferior oblique muscle actually rotates the eye so that the top of the eye moves towards the nose, not the bottom.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Cones are sensitive to color and function best in well lighted areas.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Cones are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that are responsible for color vision. They are most sensitive to different wavelengths of light, allowing us to perceive different colors. Therefore, it is true that cones are sensitive to color. Additionally, cones require sufficient light to function properly, as they are responsible for detecting and processing visual information in well-lit areas.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Cones are very sensitive to light and function best in the dark or dim light vision. They help us see at night.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Cones are actually responsible for our color vision and function best in bright light conditions. They are less sensitive to light and are not as effective in low light or night vision. It is the rods in our eyes that are more sensitive to light and allow us to see in the dark. Therefore, the statement that cones help us see at night is incorrect.Rate this question:
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