Jordan Biosciences II Final Part 2
Craig Jordan
Biosciences II
Spring 2011
- 1.
The "biological species concept" offers us a practical way to distinguish species of organisms and to assign individuals to one taxon or another. In order to catalog individuals as being members of one species or antoehr using this concept focuses on
- A.
Morphological differences distinguishing the species
- B.
Differences in the geographic distribution of the species
- C.
The ability of individuals to successfully breed with each other
Correct Answer
C. The ability of individuals to successfully breed with each otherExplanation
The correct answer is the ability of individuals to successfully breed with each other. The biological species concept defines a species as a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. This concept focuses on reproductive compatibility as the key factor in distinguishing species. If individuals can successfully mate and produce viable offspring, they are considered to be members of the same species. This criterion helps to determine the boundaries between different species and assign individuals to specific taxa.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The animals and plants found in modern India differ greatly from species in nearby southeast Asia. Your authros offer one example of that in chapter 24 involving frogs. A likely explanation is that
- A.
The species in the two areas have become separated by convergent evolution
- B.
The climates of the two regions are similar
- C.
India is in the process of separating from the rest of Asia
- D.
Life in India was wiped out by ancient large-scale volcanic eruptions
- E.
India was a separate continent until about 55 million years ago.
Correct Answer
E. India was a separate continent until about 55 million years ago.Explanation
The correct answer is that India was a separate continent until about 55 million years ago. This explains why the animals and plants found in modern India differ greatly from those in nearby southeast Asia. The separation of India as a separate continent allowed for the evolution of unique species in India, resulting in the differences observed today.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The theory that a meteor impact played a role in the mass extinction of dinosaurs is supported by all of the following EXCEPT which one?
- A.
Discovery of a crater dating to 65 million years ago
- B.
Shock crystal distributions
- C.
A layer of the rare earth element iridium in deposits dating to the time of that mass extinction
- D.
Caves near Lascaux in France have sketches, engravings and paintings depicting events around the time of the event
- E.
Results of computer modeling of volcanic and nuclear incidents
Correct Answer
D. Caves near Lascaux in France have sketches, engravings and paintings depicting events around the time of the eventExplanation
The theory that a meteor impact played a role in the mass extinction of dinosaurs is supported by the discovery of a crater dating to 65 million years ago, shock crystal distributions, a layer of the rare earth element iridium in deposits dating to the time of that mass extinction, and results of computer modeling of volcanic and nuclear incidents. However, the existence of caves near Lascaux in France with sketches, engravings, and paintings depicting events around the time of the event does not directly support the theory of a meteor impact.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is NOT true?
- A.
Fossils that date to 2.5 billion years old include prokaryotes, and eukaryotes including multicellular organisms
- B.
Limestone deposits called stromatolites, accumulated by cyanobacteria, are known as fossils and are still being formed today
- C.
Cells with a nucleus predate cells with mitochondria
- D.
The first photosynthetic organisms on earth must have been prokaryotes
- E.
The Burgess Shale is known for its fossil demonstration of the Cambrian Explosion
Correct Answer
A. Fossils that date to 2.5 billion years old include prokaryotes, and eukaryotes including multicellular organismsExplanation
Fossils that date to 2.5 billion years old include prokaryotes, and eukaryotes including multicellular organisms.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following is NOT true of cyanobacteria?
- A.
They are representatives of the Bacteria domain
- B.
There is genetic evidence supporting the theory that today's cyanobacteria are similar to the ancestors of chloroplasts
- C.
They are photosynthetic
- D.
Their metabolism results in the production of molecular oxygen from water
- E.
They are chemoautotrophs
Correct Answer
E. They are chemoautotrophsExplanation
Cyanobacteria are not chemoautotrophs. Chemoautotrophs are organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules, while cyanobacteria are photosynthetic, meaning they obtain energy from sunlight. They are representatives of the Bacteria domain and there is genetic evidence suggesting that they are similar to the ancestors of chloroplasts. Their metabolism results in the production of molecular oxygen from water, making them significant contributors to Earth's oxygen levels.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In New Guinea, Vogelkop bowerbirds erect bowers of sticks that are stacked about central tree. One of the two populations that is found at different locations on one of the islands constructs bowers that have a rounded shape. In front of the bowers, the birds pile brightly-colored objects. The other population of birds constructs bowers that appear as spires and these have no brightly-colored objects.
- A.
The bowers are used by the birds as refuges from predators
- B.
The bowers are used by the birds as protective areas for rearing young
- C.
The populations of bower birds appear to be reproductively isolated
- D.
If the birds diverge into two distinct species, we will be able to attribute it to kin selection
- E.
While the bird populations differ regarding the bower construction and ornamentation, the two populations, never the less, continue to interbreed because sexual attraction relies on olfactory cues and despite the divergence in bower characteristics via what we refer to as genetic drift, the two populations remain part of a single species
Correct Answer
C. The populations of bower birds appear to be reproductively isolatedExplanation
The explanation for the correct answer is that the two populations of bower birds construct different types of bowers and do not interbreed. This suggests that they are reproductively isolated, meaning that they are no longer able to produce viable offspring with each other. This could be due to differences in behavior, mating preferences, or physical characteristics that prevent successful reproduction between the two populations. Reproductive isolation is often a key factor in the formation of new species.Rate this question:
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- 7.
In the example of species formation involving flies that feed on fruit in Wisconsin, the two populations of flies are kept reproductively isolated because
- A.
They use different odors to advertise to mates
- B.
They have different courtship dances
- C.
They make different noises by rubbing body parts in different ways
- D.
They find different fruits acceptable as stages for courtship dances
- E.
The fruits that they use mature at different times of the year
Correct Answer
D. They find different fruits acceptable as stages for courtship dancesExplanation
The two populations of flies are kept reproductively isolated because they find different fruits acceptable as stages for courtship dances. This means that each population of flies has specific preferences for the type of fruit they use during courtship rituals. Since they have different preferences, they are unlikely to come into contact with each other and mate, thus remaining reproductively isolated. This preference for different fruits plays a crucial role in preventing gene flow between the two populations, leading to the formation of separate species.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The walking stick (Timena cristinae) seems to be adapting so that it can hide on either of two speices of plants. Within this species, there are two genetically-distinct morphs; a striped form that is found on the chamise plant and a non-striped form on blue lilac. Each form is more likely to blend into the foliage when on its preferred plant species and thereby avoid detection by potential predators. Mating tests have shown that each insect morph preferred to mate with one of its own color pattern. A likely long-term result is that
- A.
The species will increase its risk of going extinct because there are fewer potential mates since individuals only tend to mate with similarly appearing individuals and avoid mating with a large proportion of the population
- B.
The species will divide into two distinct species
- C.
The inbreeding will result in a higher-than-expected number of abnormal offspring
Correct Answer
B. The species will divide into two distinct speciesExplanation
The presence of two genetically-distinct morphs in the walking stick population, each with a preference for mating with individuals of the same color pattern, suggests that over time, the species will divide into two distinct species. This is because individuals with different color patterns are less likely to mate with each other, leading to reproductive isolation and the accumulation of genetic differences between the two groups. Eventually, these differences may become significant enough for the two groups to be considered separate species.Rate this question:
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- 9.
It is most likely that mitochondria appeared in eukaryotes prior to the evolution of chloroplasts. Support for this comes from the observation that
- A.
Whereas all eukaryotes have mitochondria (or remnants thereof), not all eukaryotes have chloroplasts
- B.
Chloroplasts have ribosomes that are more similar to prokaryotic ribosomes than they are to ribosomes found in the cytosol of the eukaryotic cell
- C.
The mitochondrial ribosomes vary extensively from one group of eukaryotes to another, but they are generally more similar to prokaryotic ribosomes than to their counterparts in the eukaryotic cytoplasm
Correct Answer
A. Whereas all eukaryotes have mitochondria (or remnants thereof), not all eukaryotes have chloroplastsExplanation
The fact that all eukaryotes have mitochondria (or remnants thereof), but not all eukaryotes have chloroplasts, suggests that mitochondria appeared in eukaryotes before the evolution of chloroplasts. This is supported by the observation that chloroplasts have ribosomes that are more similar to prokaryotic ribosomes than to ribosomes found in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Additionally, mitochondrial ribosomes vary extensively among different groups of eukaryotes, but they are generally more similar to prokaryotic ribosomes than to their counterparts in the eukaryotic cytoplasm.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The cellular organization of prokaryotes is fundamentally different from that of eukaryotes in that
- A.
Prokaryotes lack a cell membrane
- B.
Only prokaryotes have cell walls
- C.
Only eukaryotes can engage in sexual reproduction
- D.
Only eukaryotes have mitochondria
- E.
Only eukaryotes have ribosomes
Correct Answer
D. Only eukaryotes have mitochondriaExplanation
Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are responsible for energy production through cellular respiration. Prokaryotes, on the other hand, lack mitochondria. They generate energy through other means, such as glycolysis. Therefore, the statement that "Only eukaryotes have mitochondria" is correct because prokaryotes do not possess this organelle.Rate this question:
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- 11.
There is evidence that one or perhaps two individuals of one species of finch originally colonized the Galapagos Islands, and more specifically San Cristobal Island on the eastern end of the archipelago. Since that time, the descendants of that species have proliferated into a number of species, The ancestor of the original colonizer(s)
- A.
There is less diversity in the mitochondrial DNA of finches on San Cristobal than among their finch ancestors
- B.
There is more diversity in the mitochondrial DNA of finches on San Cristobal than among their finch ancestors remaining in the Americas
- C.
There is the same level of diversity in the mitochondrial DNA of finches on San Cristobal as is found among their finch ancestors remaining in the Americas
Correct Answer
A. There is less diversity in the mitochondrial DNA of finches on San Cristobal than among their finch ancestorsExplanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that the statement suggests that the finches on San Cristobal Island have a lower level of mitochondrial DNA diversity compared to their finch ancestors in the Americas. This implies that over time, the finches on San Cristobal have experienced genetic bottlenecks or a reduction in genetic variation. This reduction in diversity could be due to factors such as isolation, limited gene flow, or founder effects.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The genetics of prokaryotes is fundamentally different from that of eukaryotes in that
- A.
Genetic recombination only occurs in eukaryotes
- B.
While all eukaryotes have DNA as their genetic material, some prokaryotes use DNA and others use RNA
- C.
Only prokaryotes have plasmids
- D.
Genetic recombination as a result of transformation is more likely in prokaryotes than eukaryotes
- E.
Meiosis results in greater measures of genetic recombination in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes
Correct Answer
D. Genetic recombination as a result of transformation is more likely in prokaryotes than eukaryotesExplanation
Genetic recombination refers to the process of combining genetic material from two different sources, resulting in the formation of new combinations of genes. The given answer states that genetic recombination as a result of transformation is more likely in prokaryotes than eukaryotes. Transformation is a process in which prokaryotic cells take up foreign DNA from their surroundings and incorporate it into their own genome. This ability to incorporate foreign DNA increases the likelihood of genetic recombination in prokaryotes. In contrast, eukaryotes have more complex mechanisms of genetic recombination, such as sexual reproduction and meiosis. Therefore, the statement suggests that prokaryotes have a higher likelihood of genetic recombination through transformation compared to eukaryotes.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Red deer are known from France, England, New Zealand and the Isle of Jersey, in the English Channel. Which of the following is NOT correct?
- A.
They colonized the Isle ata time when there was no water in what is now the English Channel
- B.
Deer on the Isle have evolveda diminished stature, compared with their ancestors and contemporaneous populations in England and on the mainland
- C.
Deer on the Isle are geographically isolateed from those in England and illustrate how allopatric speciation might occur
- D.
They are found in New Zealand because the island was once part of a larger land mass which included what is now Europe
Correct Answer
D. They are found in New Zealand because the island was once part of a larger land mass which included what is now EuropeExplanation
The statement "They are found in New Zealand because the island was once part of a larger land mass which included what is now Europe" is not correct. Red deer are found in New Zealand due to human introduction, not because of a land connection with Europe. This answer choice provides a false explanation for the presence of red deer in New Zealand.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following is NOT true of stromatolites?
- A.
They are representatives of the Archaea
- B.
They can be found in 2.5 billion years ago sedimentary rocks
- C.
They are formed of cyanobacteria
- D.
Their metabolism results in the production of molecular oxygen from water
- E.
They are photoautotrophs
Correct Answer
A. They are representatives of the ArchaeaExplanation
Stromatolites are not representatives of the Archaea. They are actually formed of cyanobacteria, which are a type of bacteria. Stromatolites are layered structures that are formed by the trapping, binding, and cementation of sediment by microbial communities, primarily cyanobacteria. They are known for their ability to carry out photosynthesis and are considered to be one of the earliest evidence of life on Earth.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Judging from the fossil record and other evidence, first true eukaryotic cells:
- A.
Existed over 1 b.y.a.
- B.
Contained mitochondria
- C.
Were anaerobic
- D.
Would be classified today as algae
Correct Answer
A. Existed over 1 b.y.a.Explanation
Based on the information provided, the correct answer is that the first true eukaryotic cells existed over 1 billion years ago. This conclusion can be drawn from the phrase "Judging from the fossil record and other evidence," which suggests that scientists have examined various sources of evidence to determine the timeline of the first eukaryotic cells. The fact that these cells are said to have existed over 1 billion years ago indicates that they are believed to have originated in the distant past.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following is NOT true of the transition of the surface of the earth from a largely reducing to largely oxidizing environment?
- A.
Photosynthetic protists were primarily responsible for the transition
- B.
Once the concentrations of oxygen increased sufficiently in the atmosphere, aquatic environments then became perfused with increasing levels of dissolved oxygen
- C.
Evidence of when the environment was oxidizing can be found in iron oxide deposits in rocks
- D.
The transition to an oxidizing environment would have been lethal to many prokaryotes
- E.
The evidence that the world's atmosphere approximately 2.7 billion years ago was becoming an oxidizing atmosphere comes from the appearance of cyanobacteria in the fossil record 2.7 billion years ago
Correct Answer
A. Photosynthetic protists were primarily responsible for the transitionExplanation
B is correct alsoRate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following is true:
- A.
Since DNA codes for enzymes, and enzymes are essential for cells to function, DNA must have been the first information-bearing molecule used by early life forms
- B.
That RNA can act as a catalyst may help explain how relatively complex organic molecules could form on prebiotic earht in the absence of enzymes
- C.
Since RNA is the information-bearing molecule that is translated into the amino acid sequnces of enzymes, RNA must have predated the appearance of molecules having enzymatic activity on prebiotic earth
- D.
Since proteinaceous enzyme are necessary to synthesize RNA and DNA, proteinaceous enzymes must have been present on prebiotic earth prior to the appearance of an information-bearing molecule
Correct Answer
B. That RNA can act as a catalyst may help explain how relatively complex organic molecules could form on prebiotic earht in the absence of enzymesExplanation
The answer suggests that RNA can act as a catalyst, which means it can facilitate chemical reactions without the need for enzymes. This is significant because it implies that complex organic molecules could have formed on prebiotic earth even in the absence of enzymes. This explanation provides a possible mechanism for the formation of these molecules before enzymes were present.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Most of the following is evidence that supports the theory that modern eukaryotes evolved from symbiotic relationships involving prokaryotes. Which is NOT support for that theory:
- A.
Eukaryotes have subcellular organelles with genetic make-ups resembling that of prokaryotes
- B.
Some prokaryotes have RNA as their genetic material as do mitochondria and plastids
- C.
Some subcellular organelles can divide by simple fission as do prokaryotes
- D.
Some subcellular organelles are about the same size as prokaryotes
Correct Answer
B. Some prokaryotes have RNA as their genetic material as do mitochondria and plastidsExplanation
The presence of RNA as the genetic material in both prokaryotes and subcellular organelles like mitochondria and plastids supports the theory that modern eukaryotes evolved from symbiotic relationships involving prokaryotes. This is because it suggests a common ancestry and genetic transfer between these organisms. The other options, such as the resemblance of genetic make-ups, the ability to divide by fission, and similar sizes of subcellular organelles to prokaryotes, also provide evidence for the theory of symbiotic evolution.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following is true?
- A.
Evidence that the Archaea are more closely related to the Eukarya than to the Bacteria includes the observation that of the two only Archara and Eukarya have histones associated with their genetic material
- B.
The Archaea include methanogens that are capable of living in environments rich in methane and metabolizing the gas as a carbon source. This is in marked contrast to photosynthetic plants, for example, that "fix" their carbon from CO2 in the air.
- C.
Archaea(bacteria) and (eu)bacteria differ because members of the Archaea customarily lack cell walls, and bacteria generally have cell walls
- D.
The Archaea include extreme thermophiles that thrive in very hot enivornments using the heat in order to fix carbon and produce organic molecules
- E.
Members of the ARchaea customarily do not use double-stranded DNA as the genetic material but instead use the simpler RNA
Correct Answer
A. Evidence that the Archaea are more closely related to the Eukarya than to the Bacteria includes the observation that of the two only Archara and Eukarya have histones associated with their genetic materialExplanation
The presence of histones associated with genetic material is a characteristic shared by Archaea and Eukarya, but not by Bacteria. This suggests a closer evolutionary relationship between Archaea and Eukarya, as they both have a more complex genetic organization compared to Bacteria. This observation supports the idea that Archaea and Eukarya share a common ancestor and have a more recent common evolutionary history compared to Bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 20.
When earth was a young planet, the lack of an ozone layer:
- A.
Meant that life in terrestial environment would be impossible
- B.
Would suggest that the atmosphere was a richly oxidizing one
- C.
Meant that no life could exist
Correct Answer
A. Meant that life in terrestial environment would be impossibleExplanation
The lack of an ozone layer in the early Earth would have made life in the terrestrial environment impossible. The ozone layer plays a crucial role in protecting life on Earth by absorbing most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Without this protective layer, the intense UV radiation would have reached the surface, causing severe damage to living organisms and preventing the development of complex life forms. Therefore, the absence of an ozone layer would have made it impossible for life to exist on land.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The first photosynthetic organisms on earth must have been
- A.
Prokaryotes
- B.
Eukaryotes
- C.
Viruses
- D.
Archaea
- E.
Green algae
Correct Answer
A. ProkaryotesExplanation
The first photosynthetic organisms on earth must have been prokaryotes because they are the simplest and most ancient form of life. Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, making them more primitive compared to eukaryotes. Photosynthesis is a fundamental process that converts sunlight into energy, and prokaryotes, such as cyanobacteria, are known to have developed this ability early in Earth's history. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that prokaryotes were the first organisms to carry out photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Most populations of potentially interbreeding individuals are relatively small, unlike the infinitely-large populations of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Without consideration of any of the other assumptions upon which the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is premised, consider, for the moment, only population size. As a statistical consequence of small size, the frequency of inbreeding is relatively high in small populations and the smaller the popluation, the more the inbreeding. (Inbreeding to a population geneticist refers to the breeding of the individuals that are genetically similar; it need not have anything to do with genetic relatedness and degree of consanguinity.) Which of the following is likely result of the heightened inbreeding in a small population, compared with a Hardy-Weinberg population?
- A.
The frequncies of the three genotypes would remain constant
- B.
The frequency of the heterozygotes would increase
- C.
The frequency of the dominant allele would increase
- D.
The frequency of the alleles would change
- E.
The frequency of homozygous genotypes would increase
Correct Answer
E. The frequency of homozygous genotypes would increaseExplanation
In small populations with heightened inbreeding, the frequency of homozygous genotypes would increase. This is because inbreeding increases the likelihood of mating between individuals that are genetically similar, leading to an increase in homozygosity. In the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, where populations are assumed to be infinitely large, the frequency of genotypes remains constant over generations. However, in small populations with inbreeding, the frequency of homozygous genotypes would increase due to the limited genetic diversity and increased mating between genetically similar individuals.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In class we talked about the breed of dogs known as Mexican Hairless. Inheritance of hair can by simply modeled as: hh=normal hair; h- = hairless; -- = stillborn. In a population of exclusively Mexican Hairless dogs where the inital frequencies of the two alleles are equal and artificial selection is not a factor, one would expect that over time
- A.
The hairless allele would be entirely lost from the population because of the deleterious quality that when it appears in the homozygous condition, individuals do not survive.
- B.
The frequenccy of the two alleles would remain rougly equal
- C.
The frequency of the "-" would diminish but not be entirely lost
- D.
The "-" allele would mutate such that those individuals homozygous for the allele would not be stillborn
Correct Answer
C. The frequency of the "-" would diminish but not be entirely lostExplanation
The correct answer suggests that in a population of exclusively Mexican Hairless dogs, the frequency of the hairless allele ("-") would diminish over time but not be entirely lost. This is because individuals with the homozygous condition for the hairless allele do not survive, leading to a decrease in the frequency of this allele in the population. However, since the initial frequencies of the two alleles are equal and artificial selection is not a factor, it is expected that the hairless allele would still persist in the population, albeit at a lower frequency.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Consider an exam composed of the previous 30 questions, what score, based on a possible 100 point maximum, would a student get if (s)he guessed at random? That is, if for each of the 30 questions a student selected from the available choices at random, what score would that student achieve? (Pick the answer the is closest to the numerical result you calculate.)
- A.
15
- B.
20
- C.
25
- D.
30
- E.
35
Correct Answer
C. 25Explanation
If a student guesses at random for each of the 30 questions, there is a 1/4 chance of getting the correct answer for each question (assuming there are 4 choices for each question). Therefore, on average, the student would get 1/4 of the questions correct. Since there are 30 questions in total, the student would get an average of 30 * 1/4 = 7.5 questions correct. To convert this to a score out of 100, we can calculate (7.5/30) * 100 = 25. Therefore, the student would achieve a score of 25.Rate this question:
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- 25.
This figure indicates that there is a relationship between the geographic distance separating two populations and the degree to which the two populations are reproductively isolated. (Each dot on the figure represents a comparison between two populations; all data refer to various populations of one species of salamander. Which of the following statements DOES NOT sound reasonable?
- A.
The data may indicate that the farther apart two populations are, the more they have diverged from each other in an evolutionary sense.
- B.
The data may indicate that the farther apart two populations are, the less the amount of gene flow between them
- C.
Differences in the levels of inbreeding and genetic drift are most likely the cause in the differences in reproductive isolation
- D.
Environmental conditions may be significantly different in widely-separated populations and natural selection may be operating in such a manner as to cause them to be more dissimilar than two populations that are not separated to the same degree
Correct Answer
C. Differences in the levels of inbreeding and genetic drift are most likely the cause in the differences in reproductive isolationExplanation
The correct answer is "Differences in the levels of inbreeding and genetic drift are most likely the cause in the differences in reproductive isolation." This statement does not sound reasonable because inbreeding and genetic drift are factors that can lead to decreased genetic diversity within a population, but they are not directly related to reproductive isolation between populations. Reproductive isolation is typically caused by factors such as geographic barriers or differences in mating behaviors and preferences.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Male Pied flycatchers closely resemble male Collared flycatchers when the distributions of the two species do not overlap. Males in these circumstances, are blue-grey with white aplotches. But when the two species appear together, the male Pied flycatchers have a brown coloration making them quite distincy from the Collared males which have the blue-grey coloration. The female Pied flycatchers in the latter situations are not brownb ut rather have the steely-grey coloration. The data in the figure are from maipulations where Pied flycatcher females are offered males of the two species; in the first situation she is offered males that normally are sympatric and in the second situation she is offered males that are naturally allopatric.
- A.
In time, where the two species are sympatric, one can reasonably expect that they will hybridize and become a single species
- B.
Based on the data, females are apparently more selective in whom they mate with than are the males
- C.
Female Pied flycatchers apparently have a difficult time distinguishing between males of the 2 species when confronted with both
Correct Answer
C. Female Pied flycatchers apparently have a difficult time distinguishing between males of the 2 species when confronted with bothExplanation
Based on the data provided, the answer suggests that female Pied flycatchers have a difficult time distinguishing between males of the two species when they are together. This is supported by the statement that male Pied flycatchers have a brown coloration when they appear with Collared males, making them distinct from the blue-grey Collared males. Therefore, the females may struggle to differentiate between the two species when they are in close proximity, leading to potential hybridization and the formation of a single species.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Mules develop from the interspecific breeding of a female horse and a male donkey. All male hybrids and most female hybrids are sterile. Horses have 32 pairs of chromosomes; donkey have 31 pairs. Which of the following is NOT true?
- A.
A gamete from a horse will have 32 strands of DNA
- B.
During meiosis in the case of a donkey, at the stage when crossing over occurs, there is 128 chromatids
- C.
Following a fertilization that will result in a mule, the X chromosome in the mule zygote derives from one of the parents and the mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the other
Correct Answer
B. During meiosis in the case of a donkey, at the stage when crossing over occurs, there is 128 chromatidsExplanation
C is also correctRate this question:
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- 28.
Based on the two figures below, the number of nucleotide substitutions distinguish humans and gibbons is about
- A.
14
- B.
24
- C.
34
- D.
44
- E.
54
Correct Answer
A. 14Explanation
Based on the two figures provided, it can be observed that there are 14 nucleotide substitutions that distinguish humans and gibbons.Rate this question:
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