Immunology Exam (Ch.5-7)
Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes, The Development of B Lymphocytes, The development of T Lymphocytes.
- 1.
What are the two types of T-cells?
- A.
A:B T cells and y:S T cells
- B.
A:B T cells and D:Z T cells
- C.
Y:S T cells and a:L T cells
- D.
None of the Above
Correct Answer
A. A:B T cells and y:S T cells -
- 2.
What are immature T cells called?
- A.
Thymocytes
- B.
Stromal cells
- C.
Lymphocytes
- D.
Plasma cells
- E.
Cytokines
Correct Answer
A. Thymocytes -
- 3.
The thymic stroma houses what kinds of cells?
- A.
Thymocytes
- B.
B cells
- C.
Plasma cells
- D.
Double-negative thymocytes
- E.
Double-positive thymocytes
Correct Answer
A. Thymocytes -
- 4.
How do lymphocytes enter and leave the thymus?
Correct Answer
Through the blood
Blood
through the blood
blood - 5.
What two parts create the thymus?
Correct Answer
The cortex and medulla
the cortex and medulla
the medulla and cortex
The medulla and cortex - 6.
What cells are responsible for the development of the cortex in the thymus?
- A.
Ectodermal cells
- B.
Endodermal cells
- C.
Mesodermal cells
- D.
Exodermal cells
- E.
Psuedodermal cells
Correct Answer
A. Ectodermal cells -
- 7.
In what syndrome does the thymus fail to develop?
- A.
DiGeroge's syndrome
- B.
Bare lymphocyte syndrome
- C.
Follicular center cell lymphoma
- D.
Hodgkin's Disease
- E.
Lupus
Correct Answer
A. DiGeroge's syndrome -
- 8.
The process of fat claiming areas of thymocytes after a year birth in the thymus causing it to degenerate is called?
Correct Answer
Involution of the thymus
involution of the thymus - 9.
The involution of the thymus affects T-cell count.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 10.
What complement is a characteristic of a stem cell?
- A.
CD34
- B.
CD7
- C.
CD4
- D.
CD8
- E.
CD24
Correct Answer
A. CD34 -
- 11.
When a stem cell expresses ____ and _____ it becomes a T cell.
- A.
CD2 and CD5
- B.
CD4 and CD8
- C.
CD34 and CD2
- D.
CD34 and CD5
- E.
CD12 and CD21
Correct Answer
A. CD2 and CD5 -
- 12.
A double-negative thymocyte does not express...
- A.
CD4 and CD8
- B.
CD34 and CD21
- C.
CD7 and CD11
- D.
CD14 and CD21
- E.
CD4 and CD9
Correct Answer
A. CD4 and CD8 -
- 13.
Thymocytes are considered to be double-negative cells. This is possible because...
- A.
Thymocytes are in the process of rearranging their genes
- B.
Thymocytes are unable to express the required complements to divide
- C.
Thymocytes lack CD4 and CD8
- D.
None of the above
- E.
A and C
Correct Answer
E. A and C -
- 14.
Cytokine ______ is critical in the development of T-cells.
Correct Answer
IL-7
il-7
7 - 15.
What cells secrete cytokine 7?
- A.
Stromal cells
- B.
Goblet cells
- C.
B lymphocytes
- D.
T lymphocytes
- E.
Follicular cells
Correct Answer
A. Stromal cells -
- 16.
What complement does IL-7 bind to?
- A.
CD34
- B.
CD21
- C.
CD4
- D.
CD5
- E.
CD8
Correct Answer
A. CD34 -
- 17.
The cell receptor on a thymocyte is called...
Correct Answer
Notch 1
notch 1 - 18.
Notch 1 interacts with transmembrane ligands on thymic epithelial cells which initiates a proteolytic cleavage. The process that follows the proteolytic cleavage which involves an intracellular domain of Notch 1 affects the thymocyte in what particular way?
- A.
Notch 1 sends signals that controls the pathway of T-cell differentiation and keeps it away from the B-cell
- B.
Notch 1 does not allow the binding of MHC I molecules to the thymocyte
- C.
CD8 is allowed to bind to the thymocyte receptor
- D.
CD4 is not allowed to bind to the thymocyte
- E.
Notch 1 sends signals that allow the thymocyte to differentiate into a B-cell
Correct Answer
A. Notch 1 sends signals that controls the pathway of T-cell differentiation and keeps it away from the B-cell -
- 19.
A double negative thymocyte precursor creates:
- A.
A:B and y:D T cells
- B.
A:B and y:G T cells
- C.
L:a and Z:y T cells
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. A:B and y:D T cells -
- 20.
Rearrangement of double-negative thymocytes begins with...
- A.
Rearrangement at the y, D, and B loci at the same time
- B.
Rearrangement at the y, D, and B loci at a different time
- C.
Rearrangement at the a, B, and y loci at the same time
- D.
Rearrangement at the D, S, and y loci at the same time
- E.
Rearrangement at the a, B, and D loci at the same time
Correct Answer
A. Rearrangement at the y, D, and B loci at the same time -
- 21.
Which two loci compete with the B locus on a double-negative thymocyte during rearrangement?
- A.
Y and D
- B.
B and a
- C.
Y and a
- D.
D and a
- E.
S and z
Correct Answer
A. Y and D -
- 22.
What percentage of thymocytes survive positive selection?
Correct Answer
2 %
2%
2 percent
two percent
2percent - 23.
Which TCR does not undergo positive and negative selection?
- A.
Y:D TCR
- B.
A:B TCR
- C.
D:a TCR
- D.
Y:B TCR
- E.
L:T TCR
Correct Answer
A. Y:D TCR -
- 24.
What is the B-chain of the thymocyte test for when translocated to the ER after double-negative rearrangement?
- A.
The capacity to bind to pTa
- B.
The capacity to bind to y:D chain
- C.
The capacity to bind to self-antigens
- D.
The capacity to bind to CD3
- E.
The capacity to bind to CD34
Correct Answer
A. The capacity to bind to pTa -
- 25.
PTa is an invariant polypeptide that acts as a _________ __________.
Correct Answer
surrogate a-chain
surrogate a chain - 26.
TCR genes can make nonproductive or productive rearrangements.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 27.
Y:D TCR undergo positive and negative selection.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
THey undergo a single rearrangement which allows them to enter circulation because they do not affect the body if they bind to self-antigens or not.Rate this question:
-
- 28.
When the B-chain of a thymocyte combines with pTa, what kind of receptor is created?
- A.
Pre-T-cell receptor
- B.
Post-T-cell receptor
- C.
Meta-T-cell receptor
- D.
Plasma T-cell receptor
- E.
Globular T-cell receptor
Correct Answer
A. Pre-T-cell receptor -
- 29.
Thymocytes that pass a test in which the B-chain is tested for the potential to bind to a-chains are called...
- A.
Pre-T-cells
- B.
Plasma cells
- C.
Follicular cells
- D.
Lymphatic cells
- E.
Post-T-cells
Correct Answer
A. Pre-T-cells -
- 30.
Why is the a:B chain lineage favored over the y:D chain lineage in a thymocyte?
- A.
The a:B chain lineage only requires one productive gene rearrangement.
- B.
The y:D chain lineage only requires one productive gene rearrangement.
- C.
The a:B chain lineage requires two productive gene rearrangements
- D.
The a:B chain lineage is stronger and capable of producing better immunity.
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. The a:B chain lineage only requires one productive gene rearrangement. -
- 31.
How many attempts can thymocytes undergo to rearrange a B-chain gene?
- A.
4
- B.
1
- C.
8
- D.
10
- E.
0
Correct Answer
A. 4 -
- 32.
What is the percentage of making a productive rearrangement of a B-chain in a thymocyte?
- A.
80%
- B.
100%
- C.
35%
- D.
50%
- E.
75%
Correct Answer
A. 80% -
- 33.
When a rearrangement is successful in the B-chain gene, what two genes are suppressed?
- A.
RAG 1 and RAG 2
- B.
RAG 3 and RAG 9
- C.
PTa
- D.
Both a and b
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. RAG 1 and RAG 2 -
- 34.
Why are RAG 1 and RAG 2 suppressed when a successful B-chain of a thymocyte is created?
- A.
So that only one productive B-chain is expressed
- B.
To allow y:D chains to be created
- C.
In order to stop rearrangement in the a-chain
- D.
To signal apoptosis
- E.
RAG 1 and RAG 2 do not get suppressed
Correct Answer
A. So that only one productive B-chain is expressed -
- 35.
What are the T-cell receptor a-chain genes?
- A.
V and J
- B.
V, D, and J
- C.
V and D
- D.
D and J
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. V and J -
- 36.
When does a T-cell a-chain rearrange?
- A.
After their partner receptor chain has been expressed
- B.
Before their partner receptor chain has been expressed
- C.
During the same time as their partner receptor
- D.
Before their partner receptor has been expressed
- E.
After two successful B-chains are expressed
Correct Answer
A. After their partner receptor chain has been expressed -
- 37.
Repeated attempts at a-chain gene rearrangement are not possible.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 38.
What happens to the D locus situated within the a locus once an a-chain gene is rearranged?
- A.
It becomes deleted
- B.
It becomes duplicated
- C.
It translocates to another chain
- D.
It is removed by RAG 1
- E.
It incorporates itself within the a-chain
Correct Answer
A. It becomes deleted -
- 39.
T cells with an initial nonproductive a-gene rearrangement are highly likely to be rescued by a subsequent rearrangement.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 40.
What is the a-chain in a TCR tested for?
- A.
The capacity to bind to the B-chain
- B.
The capacity to bind to self-antigens
- C.
The capacity to bind to a MHC class II molecule
- D.
The capacity to bind to a MHC class I molecule
- E.
A and C
Correct Answer
A. The capacity to bind to the B-chain -
- 41.
What reduces the probability that a T cell committed to the aB lineage will end up expressing a yD receptor?
- A.
The deletion of the delta locus
- B.
The duplication of the a locus
- C.
The substitution of the y locus
- D.
The translocation of the B locus
- E.
The deletion of the B locus
Correct Answer
A. The deletion of the delta locus -
- 42.
How many checkpoints must a pre-T cell undergo before it is given a signal to survive and proceed to positive selection?
- A.
2
- B.
5
- C.
9
- D.
0
- E.
3
Correct Answer
A. 2 -
- 43.
Which enzyme that is involved in somatic recombination is expressed throughout the T-cell development?
- A.
Tdt
- B.
PTa
- C.
RAG 1
- D.
RAG 2
- E.
Both C and D
Correct Answer
A. Tdt -
- 44.
Tdt is an enzyme. What is it responsible for?
- A.
Insertion of the N-nucleotides
- B.
Deletion of P-nucleotides
- C.
Suppression of RAG 1
- D.
Suppression of RAG 2
- E.
Deletion of N-nucleotides
Correct Answer
A. Insertion of the N-nucleotides -
- 45.
Co-receptors CD4 and CD8, the signaling complex CD3, the tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 and the tyrosine kinase Lck are factors needed by the pre-T cell to_____.
- A.
Send signals
- B.
Activate rearrangement
- C.
Develop a successful B-chain
- D.
To pass positive selection
- E.
To induce apoptosis
Correct Answer
A. Send signals -
- 46.
How does positive and negative selection help in selecting thymocytes?
- A.
Positive selection selects cells that are capable of binding to antigens and negative selection removes cells that bind too strongly to self-antigens.
- B.
Positive selection selects cells that do not bind strongly to antigens and negative selection removes cells that do not bind to self-antigens
- C.
Positive selection selects cells that bind to self-antigens and negative selection removes cells that do not bind to antigens
- D.
Positive selection requires the cell to expend energy while negative selection gains energy
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Positive selection selects cells that are capable of binding to antigens and negative selection removes cells that bind too strongly to self-antigens. -
- 47.
Which complement is an adhesion molecule on T-cells?
- A.
CD2
- B.
CD34
- C.
CD21
- D.
CD4
- E.
CD8
Correct Answer
A. CD2 -
- 48.
T-cells interact with which complement on other cells in order to generate signals?
- A.
CD58
- B.
CD7
- C.
CD9
- D.
CD1
- E.
CD88
Correct Answer
A. CD58 -
- 49.
Which transcription factors are expressed in early T-cell progenitors?
- A.
Ikaros
- B.
GATA-3
- C.
RAG1
- D.
RAG2
- E.
Both a and b
Correct Answer
E. Both a and b -
- 50.
Which transcription factor is expressed in late development of a T-cell?
- A.
Th-POK
- B.
RAG2
- C.
GATA-3
- D.
Ikaros
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Th-POK -
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