Human Physiology Review
Human Physiology
- 1.
Which of the following is false regarding gas exchange in Alveoli
- A.
Only 2 thin cells seperate the alveolar air form the blood
- B.
An enormous surface area and rich blood supply allow for maximum exchange
- C.
Gas exchange takes place by simple diffusion
- D.
Gas exchange takes place by active transport
Correct Answer
D. Gas exchange takes place by active transport -
- 2.
Surface tension forms because
- A.
Oxygen is more dense than carbon dioxide, and the exchange at the alveoli leads to decreased pressure in the alveoli, and therefore surface tension.
- B.
Oxygen molecules form a film on the inside of the alveolar sacs, and their repulsion to each other cause surface tension
- C.
Carbon dioxide molecules form a film on the outside of the alveolar sacs, and their attraction to each other cause surface tension.
- D.
Water molecules form a film on the outside of the alveolar sacs, and their attraction to each other cause surface tension
Correct Answer
D. Water molecules form a film on the outside of the alveolar sacs, and their attraction to each other cause surface tension -
- 3.
The jelly-like fluid that is secreted by the alveolar cells to counteract the surface tension in the alveoli is called the
- A.
Macrophage
- B.
Bicarbonate Ion
- C.
Surfactant
- D.
Chlorine
Correct Answer
C. Surfactant -
- 4.
The Pons
- A.
Has an apnuestic center that promotes inspiration
- B.
Controls the Medulla
- C.
A and B
Correct Answer
C. A and B -
- 5.
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the Medulla
- A.
It controls the hypothalamus
- B.
It is controlled by the Pons
- C.
It has inspiratory neurons that drive inspiration by stimulating the spinal motor neurons that innervate respiratory muscles
- D.
It has expiratory neurons that inhibit the inspiratory neurons, allowing for expiration to occur.
Correct Answer
A. It controls the hypothalamus -
- 6.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume is
- A.
The total volume of air your lungs can hold
- B.
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing
- C.
The amount of air able to be exhaled after a normal exhalation
- D.
The amount of air able to be inhaled after a normal inhalation
Correct Answer
D. The amount of air able to be inhaled after a normal inhalation -
- 7.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the body
- A.
Veins have more oxygen than arteries
- B.
Oxygen is bound to copper molecule in the Hemoglobin
- C.
The binding or release of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide by Hemoglobin is due to the partial pressures (concentrations) of those gases
- D.
The partial pressure of oxygen is high in the tissues
Correct Answer
C. The binding or release of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide by Hemoglobin is due to the partial pressures (concentrations) of those gases -
- 8.
Hemoglobin binds to ____ total oxygen molecules. and oxygen binds directly to an ____ molecule
- A.
4, iron
- B.
8, iron
- C.
4, carbon
- D.
8, carbon
Correct Answer
B. 8, iron -
- 9.
The Bohr Effect states
- A.
As Ph increases, the affinity of Hemoglobin for oxygen decreases (Curve to Left)
- B.
As Ph decreases, the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen increases (Curve to Left)
- C.
As pH decreases, the affinity of Hemoglobin for oxygen dereases (Curve to Right)
- D.
As pH increases, the affinity of Hemoglobin for oxygen increases (Curve to Right)
Correct Answer
C. As pH decreases, the affinity of Hemoglobin for oxygen dereases (Curve to Right) -
- 10.
Which is true regarding the Chloride shift
- A.
Occurs in the lungs, where hemoglobin picks up CO2
- B.
HCO3- diffuses from the RBC into the blood, and chlorine replaces it
- C.
H+ ions bumps Oxygen off to Hemoglobin
- D.
B and C
Correct Answer
D. B and C -
- 11.
Which of the following is FALSE regarding Respiratory Acidosis
- A.
Is caused by Hypoventilation
- B.
Is caused by Hyperventilation
- C.
Not enough CO2 is breathed out
- D.
Blood CO2 levels rise, and the amount of H+ ions in the blood increases
Correct Answer
B. Is caused by Hyperventilation -
- 12.
Which of the following affect the ease of ventilation (how easily one is able to bring air into and expel air out of the lungs, and how much and how long the air is held in the lungs.)
- A.
Compliance
- B.
Elasticity
- C.
Surface tension
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above -
- 13.
The functional unit of the kidney is the
- A.
Renal pyramid
- B.
Renal artery
- C.
Nephron
- D.
Glomerulus
Correct Answer
C. Nephron -
- 14.
What determines the concentration of urine, in other words, what does the concentration of the filtrate match
- A.
Interstitial osmotic concentration of liver tissue
- B.
THe amount of salt in the blood of the glomerulus
- C.
THe amount of salt in the brain
- D.
Interstitial osmotic concentration of kidney tissues
Correct Answer
D. Interstitial osmotic concentration of kidney tissues -
- 15.
In what order does the filtrate (urine) travel through the nephron tubules
- A.
Collecting duct, Distal Tubule, Loop of henle, Proximal tubule
- B.
Proximal tubule, Loop of henle, Distle tubule, Collecting duct
- C.
Distal tubule, COllecting duct, Loop of henle, Proximal tubule
- D.
Proximal tubule, distal tubule, collecting duct, loop of henle
Correct Answer
B. Proximal tubule, Loop of henle, Distle tubule, Collecting duct -
- 16.
The ______ arteriole supples the glomerulus and the _____ arteriole drains the glomerulus
- A.
Afferent, efferent
- B.
Efferent, afferent
Correct Answer
A. Afferent, efferent -
- 17.
Which of the following is true regarding the adjustment of urine as it travels through the nephron
- A.
Water and salts are only re-absorbed into the blood stream, not secreted into the filtrate
- B.
Water and salts are only secreted into the filtrate, not re-absorbed into the blood stream
- C.
The concentration and contents of the urine is exactly the same and never changes in every part of the nephron tubules
- D.
None of the above are true
Correct Answer
D. None of the above are true -
- 18.
The majority of the water and salts that initially enter the nephron tubules is reabsorbed in the ________________, which prevents us from dehydrating
- A.
Proximal tubule
- B.
Loop of Henle
- C.
Distal tubule
- D.
Collecting duct
Correct Answer
A. Proximal tubule -
- 19.
The ascending Loop of Henle is one of the only membranes in our body that is impermeable to
- A.
Salt
- B.
Water
Correct Answer
B. Water -
- 20.
The Juxtaglomerular apparatus
- A.
Is the site of K+ secretion
- B.
Is the specialized region where the afferent arteriole comes in contact with the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle
- C.
Releases Angiotensin 1
- D.
Is the name of the cells that make up the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle that is in contact with the afferent arteriole
Correct Answer
B. Is the specialized region where the afferent arteriole comes in contact with the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle -
- 21.
ADH
- A.
Stimulates water reabsorbtion from urine
- B.
Stimulates the insertion of aquaporins in the loop of henle
- C.
Is released in response to overhydration
- D.
Is released by the thyroid
Correct Answer
A. Stimulates water reabsorbtion from urine -
- 22.
Aldosterone
- A.
Acts on the distal tubule and collecting duct
- B.
Helps regulate Na+/K+ balance
- C.
Is secreted by the adrenal gland
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above -
- 23.
Which of the following is false regarding the Renin-ANgiostensin Aldosterone system
- A.
Stimulated by reduced blood flow, reduced blood pressure and low Na+ levels
- B.
Renin is released by the hypothalamus
- C.
The activation results in the eventual release of aldosterone from the adrenal gland
- D.
Teh net result is an increase in blood volume, blood pressure and blood flow
Correct Answer
B. Renin is released by the hypothalamus -
- 24.
The glomerular filtration rate is driven by
- A.
The size of the pores in fenestrated capillaries
- B.
The length of the individual nephron where filtration takes place
- C.
The size of the molecules in the blood that is being filtered
- D.
Blood pressure in the glomerulus
Correct Answer
D. Blood pressure in the glomerulus -
- 25.
______ breaks down proteins, _______ breaks down lipids and _______ breaks down carbs
- A.
Protease, Lipases, Amylases
- B.
Amylases, Lipases, Proteases
- C.
Lipase, Amylase, Proteases
Correct Answer
A. Protease, Lipases, Amylases -
- 26.
The layer of digestive tract from inner-most to outer-most is.
- A.
Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa
- B.
Muscularis, submucosa, mucosa, serosa
- C.
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
Correct Answer
C. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa -
- 27.
The mucosa is
- A.
Is a thick, highly vascular layer of connective tissue
- B.
Is highly folded with many villi and microvilli
- C.
Is responsible for segmental contractions and peristaltic movement through the GI tract
- D.
Consists of areolar connective tissue
Correct Answer
B. Is highly folded with many villi and microvilli -
- 28.
The cells in the stomach that secrete HCL are
- A.
Goblet cells
- B.
Parietal cells
- C.
Chief cells
- D.
Serosal cells
Correct Answer
B. Parietal cells -
- 29.
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the digestive activites of the stomach
- A.
It churns and mixes chyme, breaking food down into smaller more easily digestible pieces
- B.
It contains goblets, parietals and chief cells that secrete substances to aid in the breakdown of food pieces
- C.
Protein digestion starts in the stomach
- D.
Carbohydrates and Lipids are digested in the stomachh
Correct Answer
D. Carbohydrates and Lipids are digested in the stomachh -
- 30.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding HCL production in the stomach
- A.
It is secreted by Serosal cells
- B.
It is secreted by the mitochondria
- C.
THe H+ ions come from the dissociation of H2CO3
- D.
The HCL makes the gastric juice basic
Correct Answer
C. THe H+ ions come from the dissociation of H2CO3 -
- 31.
Enzymes that cleave proteins in the middle of the polypeptide chain are called
- A.
Exopeptidases
- B.
Endopeptidases
- C.
Oligopeptidases
- D.
Pancreatic peptidases
Correct Answer
B. Endopeptidases -
- 32.
The large intestine
- A.
Is where the majority of digestion takes place
- B.
Is a site for the absorption of water
- C.
Is where lipid digestion begins
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Is a site for the absorption of water -
- 33.
Which organ makes bile
- A.
Gallbladder
- B.
Liver
- C.
Stomach
- D.
Pancreas
Correct Answer
B. Liver -
- 34.
Bile aids in te digestion of
- A.
Lipids
- B.
Proteins
- C.
Carbohydrates
Correct Answer
A. Lipids -
- 35.
Which accessory digestive organ releases a juice containing water, bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes
- A.
Mouth
- B.
Pancreas
- C.
Stomach
- D.
Liver
Correct Answer
B. Pancreas -
- 36.
Hormones that have opposing actions are
- A.
Permissive
- B.
Antagonistic
- C.
Synergistic
- D.
Mutualistic
Correct Answer
B. Antagonistic -
- 37.
Desensitization (down-regulation)
- A.
Occurs wen a hormone induces more of its own receptors
- B.
Results in a greater response of the target cell
- C.
Occurs after long exposure to high levels of hormones, lowering the response to the hormone
- D.
Describe the half-life of a hormone
Correct Answer
C. Occurs after long exposure to high levels of hormones, lowering the response to the hormone -
- 38.
Nuclear hormone receptors are transcription factors, which means
- A.
The hormone binds to a cell surface receptor, activating a 2nd messenger system
- B.
The hormone binds to a cell surface receptor, activating transcription
- C.
The hormone binds to a nuclear receptor, activating a 2nd messenger system
- D.
The hormone binds to a nuclear receptor, activating transcription
Correct Answer
D. The hormone binds to a nuclear receptor, activating transcription -
- 39.
The pituitary gland
- A.
Contains two lobes that communicate with each other through a capillary bed
- B.
Controls the hypothalamus and regulates hormonal release by the hypothalamus
- C.
Anterior lobe produces its own hormones and posterior lobe stores hormones made in the hypothalamus
- D.
It is not able to make its own hormones, it only stores hormones made by the hypothalamus
Correct Answer
C. Anterior lobe produces its own hormones and posterior lobe stores hormones made in the hypothalamus -
- 40.
Which is necessary for the production of T4 by the thyroid gland
- A.
Na+
- B.
Iodide
- C.
K+
Correct Answer
B. Iodide -
- 41.
A person with the following symptoms (weight gain, lethargy, cold intolerance, low metabolic rate) most likely has
- A.
Too little thyroid hormone (hypothyrodism)
- B.
Too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism)
- C.
Too little parathyroid hormone (hypo)
- D.
Too much parathyroid hormone (hyper)
Correct Answer
A. Too little thyroid hormone (hypothyrodism) -
- 42.
Which hormone regulates Calcium
- A.
Parathyroid hormone
- B.
Prolactin Hormone
- C.
Leutinizing Hormone
- D.
ACTH
Correct Answer
A. Parathyroid hormone -
- 43.
Which secretes Melatonin
- A.
Pineal gland
- B.
Posterior pituitary
- C.
Anterior pituitary
- D.
Adrenal medulla
Correct Answer
A. Pineal gland -
- 44.
Which secretes epinephrine
- A.
Adrenal medulla
- B.
Adrenal cortex
- C.
Pineal gland
- D.
Thymus gland
Correct Answer
A. Adrenal medulla -
- 45.
Homeostasis is best defined as
- A.
The maintenance of a static internal environment regulated by negative feedback
- B.
The maintenance of dynamic internal environment regulated by negative feedback
- C.
The maintenance of dynamic internal environment regulated by positive feedback
- D.
The maintenance of dynamic internal environment regulated by positive feedback
Correct Answer
B. The maintenance of dynamic internal environment regulated by negative feedback -
- 46.
A negative feedback loop consists of, in order the following parts
- A.
Sensor, effector, integrating center
- B.
Effector, sensor, integrating center
- C.
Integrating center, sensor, effector
- D.
Sensor, integrating center, effector
Correct Answer
D. Sensor, integrating center, effector -
- 47.
Positive feedback
- A.
Amplifies or increases changes in conditions
- B.
Is more rare than negative feedback
- C.
Is responsible for continual uterine muscle contractions during labor
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above -
- 48.
Buffers are
- A.
Enzymes that speed up reactions
- B.
Molecules that resist changes in pH
- C.
Enzymes that amplify changes in pH
- D.
Molecules that slow down reactions
Correct Answer
B. Molecules that resist changes in pH -
- 49.
PH is a measure of
- A.
Hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration
- B.
Hydrogen ion (H+) concentration
- C.
Water concentration
- D.
Enzyme concentration
Correct Answer
B. Hydrogen ion (H+) concentration -
- 50.
The majority of the water in our bodies is found
- A.
Inside cells (intracellular compartment)
- B.
Outside cells (extracellular compartment)
Correct Answer
A. Inside cells (intracellular compartment) -
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Jan 24, 2013Quiz Edited by
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