Chapter Five: The Skeletal System

The technical name for the lower jaw bone is mandible. The mandible is the largest and strongest bone in the face and is responsible for supporting the lower teeth. It is connected to the skull by the temporomandibular joint, allowing for movement of the jaw. The mandible also plays a crucial role in chewing, speaking, and facial aesthetics.

The human adult body has a total of 206 bones. This includes bones in the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, and rib cage) as well as the appendicular skeleton (bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle). These bones provide structure, support, and protection to the body, allowing for movement and housing vital organs. The number of bones in the human body can vary slightly from person to person due to individual differences in the presence of certain bones or bone fusion during development.

The given answer states that the skeleton is divided into two parts. This suggests that the skeleton is composed of two main sections or divisions. The number "2" also indicates the same information, that there are two parts to the skeleton.

The bone that is known as the "breast bone" is called the sternum. The sternum is a flat bone located in the center of the chest, connecting the ribs together. It serves as a protective structure for the heart, lungs, and other vital organs in the thoracic cavity. The sternum is easily identifiable as it forms the front part of the rib cage and can be felt in the middle of the chest.

The tailbone is known as the coccyx. It is a small triangular bone located at the bottom of the spine, consisting of three to five fused vertebrae. The coccyx serves as an attachment site for various muscles and ligaments and provides support and stability to the pelvis. It is often referred to as the tailbone because it is a remnant of the tail that our ancestors had.

The human body typically has 12 pairs of ribs. Each pair of ribs is attached to the spine and wraps around the chest, providing support and protection to vital organs such as the heart and lungs.

Shannon's complaint of her old bones aching suggests that she is experiencing age-related degeneration of her joints, which is commonly known as osteoarthritis. This type of arthritis is caused by the wear and tear on the cartilage that cushions the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and inflammation. Given Shannon's age and symptoms, osteoarthritis is the most likely specific type of arthritis she has.

The correct answer is "ball and socket". The hip joint is a type of ball and socket joint, which allows for a wide range of movement in multiple directions. This type of joint consists of a rounded head (ball) of one bone fitting into a concave socket of another bone. It provides stability and allows for movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

Clarence, who is 38, has been complaining about an agonizing pain in his big toe. He started to go to the doctor, but he realized that he has Gout, a disease that produces an accumulation of uric acid in the blood. Gout is a form of arthritis that causes sudden and severe joint pain, often affecting the big toe. The accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints leads to inflammation and intense pain. This condition is commonly referred to as gouty arthritis.

Sutures are the connections between bones in the skull. They are fibrous joints, which means they are made up of dense connective tissue that holds the bones together. Sutures are found only in the skull and allow for very little movement, providing stability and protection for the brain.

Spongy bone is a type of bone tissue that has a porous and spongy appearance. It is found at the ends of long bones and in the interior of flat bones. Red marrow, also known as myeloid tissue, is responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It is located within the spaces of spongy bone. Therefore, the correct answer is red marrow.

The skull is made up of two sets of bones: the cranial bones and the facial bones. The cranial bones form the protective case around the brain, while the facial bones make up the structure of the face. Therefore, the correct answer is "cranial and facial".

The joints mentioned in the previous question are characterized by none or no movement. This means that these joints do not allow any type of movement between the bones they connect.

The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the neck, resembling a horseshoe. It is unique as it is the only bone in the human body that is not directly connected to any other bone. The hyoid bone plays a crucial role in swallowing and speech production. When a person is choked, the hyoid bone can be fractured due to the force applied to the neck.

The elbow is capable of making angular movements. Angular movement refers to the rotation or bending of a joint, allowing for flexion and extension. In the case of the elbow, it can perform flexion (bending the arm) and extension (straightening the arm) movements, which are examples of angular movements. Therefore, the correct answer is angular or angular movement.

The faint line curving around and down the shaft of the arm in the X-ray indicates a simple fracture. A simple fracture, also known as a closed fracture, occurs when the bone breaks but does not penetrate the skin. This type of fracture is characterized by a single, clean break in the bone, which is consistent with the description provided in the question.

Epiphyses are the correct answer because they are the hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of the bone. The epiphyses are found at the ends of long bones and serve to provide a smooth surface for joint movement, absorb shock, and distribute weight evenly across the joint. They also play a role in bone growth and development.

The bony thorax consists of the ribs and sternum, which protect the vital organs in the chest cavity. The ribs are long, curved bones that wrap around the chest, while the sternum is a flat bone located in the center of the chest. Together, they form a protective cage around the heart and lungs.

The storage area for adipose tissue is called Yellow Marrow and Medullar Cavity.

The axial skeleton is made up of the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax. These three parts of the skeleton are essential for protecting and supporting the vital organs and structures in the central axis of the body. The skull protects the brain and sensory organs, while the vertebral column provides support and flexibility for the body. The bony thorax encloses and protects the heart, lungs, and other vital organs in the chest cavity. Together, these three components form the axial skeleton, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's structure and function.