Chapter 8: Medical Terms Of The Digestive System

Explanation
Amylase is the correct answer because it is an enzyme that specifically breaks down starch. Starch is a complex carbohydrate found in foods like bread, rice, and potatoes. Amylase helps to break down starch into smaller sugar molecules, such as glucose, which can be easily absorbed and used for energy by the body. Without amylase, the body would struggle to digest and utilize starch effectively.

Explanation
Anabolism refers to the constructive phase of metabolism, where the body builds up and synthesizes molecules and tissues. This process is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. The given options, such as hepatitis, celiac, and biliary, do not relate to the building up of the body in the constructive phase of metabolism. Therefore, the correct answer is anabolism.

Explanation
Anorexia refers to a medical condition characterized by a lack of appetite. It is a symptom commonly associated with various underlying health issues, including physical, psychological, or emotional factors. An individual experiencing anorexia may have a reduced desire to eat, leading to weight loss and potential nutritional deficiencies. This condition can be caused by factors such as certain medications, hormonal imbalances, gastrointestinal disorders, mental health conditions, or even cancer. Therefore, anorexia is the most appropriate answer given the context of the question.

Explanation
An appendectomy refers to the surgical excision of the appendix. This procedure is performed to remove an inflamed or infected appendix, usually due to a condition called appendicitis. During an appendectomy, a small incision is made in the abdomen and the appendix is carefully removed. This procedure is commonly performed to prevent the appendix from rupturing, which can lead to serious complications. Therefore, the correct answer in this case is appendectomy, as it specifically refers to the surgical removal of the appendix.

Explanation
Appendicitis refers to the inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch located in the lower right side of the abdomen. This condition typically occurs when the appendix becomes blocked, leading to bacterial infection and swelling. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, and fever. If left untreated, appendicitis can progress to a ruptured appendix, which can be life-threatening. Prompt medical attention and surgical removal of the appendix are usually required to treat appendicitis.

Explanation
The term "biliary" is used to describe something that is related to the bile or the gallbladder. It is often used to refer to conditions or diseases that affect these organs, such as biliary colic or biliary obstruction. Therefore, out of the given options, "biliary" is the most appropriate term pertaining to bile and the gallbladder.

Explanation
The term "celiac" refers to something pertaining to the abdomen. In the context of the given options, "nasogastric" refers to a tube that goes from the nose to the stomach, "biliary" refers to something related to the bile or the bile ducts, and "dysphagia" refers to difficulty in swallowing. Out of these options, "celiac" is the only one that directly relates to the abdomen.

Explanation
Dysphagia refers to the difficulty in swallowing, which can be caused by various underlying conditions such as anorexia or celiac disease. It is a medical term used to describe the sensation of food or liquid getting stuck or having trouble passing from the mouth to the stomach. This condition can be caused by muscle or nerve problems, obstruction, or inflammation in the throat or esophagus. Dysphagia can result in weight loss, malnutrition, and aspiration pneumonia if not properly managed.

Explanation
Hepatitis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of the liver. Inflammation of the liver can occur due to various causes such as viral infections, alcohol abuse, or autoimmune diseases. It is characterized by symptoms like fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, and liver dysfunction. Hepatitis can be acute or chronic, and it is important to diagnose and treat it properly to prevent further liver damage.

Explanation
Herniorrhaphy refers to the surgical repair of a hernia. A hernia occurs when an organ or fatty tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Herniorrhaphy involves returning the herniated tissue back into its proper place and repairing the weakened area with sutures or a mesh. This procedure helps to alleviate symptoms, prevent complications, and restore normal function.

Explanation
Postprandial means "pertaining to after meals." It is a term used to describe the period of time after eating a meal. This term is commonly used in medical contexts to refer to the physiological changes that occur in the body after consuming food. It is often used to discuss blood sugar levels, digestion, and the overall impact of food on the body. In this context, postprandial is the only term that relates directly to the concept of "after meals," making it the correct answer.

Explanation
Splenomegaly refers to the enlargement of the spleen. This condition can be caused by various factors such as infections, liver disease, blood disorders, or certain types of cancers. Symptoms of splenomegaly may include abdominal pain, feeling full quickly while eating, and anemia. It can be diagnosed through physical examination, imaging tests, or blood tests. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include medication, surgery, or lifestyle changes.

Explanation
A sigmoidoscope is an instrument used in a medical procedure to view the interior of the sigmoid colon. It is a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, allowing doctors to examine the sigmoid colon for any abnormalities or diseases. This procedure is commonly used to diagnose conditions such as colorectal cancer, polyps, and inflammatory bowel disease. By inserting the sigmoidoscope into the rectum and navigating it through the colon, doctors can visualize the area and take biopsies if necessary.