Chapter 6, Memory
Questions derived from material in Chapter 6 (memory) of Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 5th Edition.
- 1.
The research psychologist known for experimentally demonstrating the duration of memory sensory.
- A.
Richard F. Thompson
- B.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
- C.
George Sperling
- D.
Eric Kandel
Correct Answer
C. George Sperling -
- 2.
The process of transforming information into a form that can be entered into and retained by the memory system.
- A.
Encoding
- B.
Storage
- C.
Iconic Memory
- D.
Echoic Memory
Correct Answer
A. Encoding -
- 3.
During the very brief time that the information is held in _________________ memory, you "select," or pay attention to, just a few aspects of all the environmental information that's being registered.
- A.
Short-term
- B.
Sensory
- C.
Iconic
- D.
Echoic
Correct Answer
B. Sensory -
- 4.
__________ memory has a large capacity for information
- A.
Long term
- B.
Iconic
- C.
Sensory
- D.
Short term
Correct Answer
C. Sensory -
- 5.
Sensory memory has a ______________ capacity for information.
- A.
Small
- B.
Unlimited
- C.
Large
Correct Answer
C. Large -
- 6.
__________________ refers to the active, working memory system.
- A.
Short term
- B.
Sensory
- C.
Long term
- D.
Iconic
Correct Answer
A. Short term -
- 7.
Information retrieved from long-term memory is then moved to _______________ memory
- A.
Iconic
- B.
Sensory
- C.
Short term
- D.
Echoic
Correct Answer
C. Short term -
- 8.
_______________ memory has a limited capacity for information.
- A.
Short-term
- B.
Long-term
- C.
Sensory
- D.
Iconic
Correct Answer
A. Short-term -
- 9.
__________________ memory has an unlimited capacity for information.
- A.
Short term
- B.
Sensory
- C.
Long term
- D.
Echoic
Correct Answer
C. Long term -
- 10.
The average duration for short-term memory is _________________
- A.
20 seconds
- B.
1/4 second to 3 seconds
- C.
1 minute
Correct Answer
A. 20 seconds -
- 11.
In Baddeley's model of working memory, the phonological loop component...
- A.
Is specialized for verbal material, such as lists of numbers or words, and is often used in standard short-term memory tests.
- B.
Is specialized for spatial or visual material, such as remebering the layout of a room or city.
- C.
Controls attention, integrates information, and manages the activities of the other two components of working memory.
Correct Answer
A. Is specialized for verbal material, such as lists of numbers or words, and is often used in standard short-term memory tests. -
- 12.
In Braddely's model of working-memory, the visuospatial sketchpad...
- A.
Is specialized for spatial or visual material, such as rembering the layout of a room or city.
- B.
Is specialized for verbal material, such as lists of numbers or words, and is often used in standard short-term memory tests.
- C.
Controls attention, integrates information, and manages the activities of the other two components of working memory.
Correct Answer
A. Is specialized for spatial or visual material, such as rembering the layout of a room or city. -
- 13.
In Braddley's model of working-memory, the central exectutive component...
- A.
Controls attention, integrates information, and manages the activities of the other two components of working memory.
- B.
Is specialized for verbal material, such as lists of numbers or words, and is often used in standard short-term memory tests.
- C.
Is specialized for spatial or visual material, such as rembering the layout of a room or city.
Correct Answer
A. Controls attention, integrates information, and manages the activities of the other two components of working memory. -
- 14.
_______________ rehearsal allows you to relate the information to other information you already know.
- A.
Maintenance
- B.
Elaborative
- C.
Chunking
- D.
Procedural
Correct Answer
B. Elaborative -
- 15.
Which form of memory rehearsal is more effective?
- A.
Maintenance
- B.
Elaborative
Correct Answer
B. Elaborative -
- 16.
_________________ interference occurs when a new memory interferes with remembering an old memory; backward-acting memory interference
- A.
Retroactive interference
- B.
Proactive interference
- C.
Suppression
- D.
Repression
Correct Answer
A. Retroactive interference -
- 17.
Autobiographical memory is closely related to ________________ memory.
- A.
Procedural
- B.
Episodic
- C.
Semantic
- D.
Explicit
Correct Answer
B. Episodic -
- 18.
Information or knowledge that can be consciously recolleted; also called declarative memory.
- A.
Procedural memory
- B.
Semantic memory
- C.
Implicit memory
- D.
Explicit memory
Correct Answer
D. Explicit memory -
- 19.
Information or knowledge that affects behavior or task performance but cannot be consciously recollected; also called non-declarative memory
- A.
Elaborative memory
- B.
Episodic memory
- C.
Implicit memory
- D.
Explicit memory
Correct Answer
C. Implicit memory -
- 20.
The content of ____________ memories of individuals living in collectivistic cultures have been shown to significantly differ from those of non-collectivistic western cultures.
- A.
Semantic
- B.
Procedural
- C.
Autobiographcial
- D.
Implicit
Correct Answer
C. Autobiographcial -
- 21.
The ______________________ describes units of information in long-term memory as being organized in a complex network of associations.
- A.
Process of clustering
- B.
Semantic network model
- C.
Serial position effect
- D.
Cued recall
Correct Answer
B. Semantic network model -
- 22.
A test of long-term memory that involves remembering an item of information in response to a retrieval cue.
- A.
Cued recall
- B.
Recall
- C.
Recognition
- D.
Serial position effect
Correct Answer
A. Cued recall -
- 23.
A test of long-term memory that involves retrieving information without the aid of retrieval cues; also called free recall.
- A.
Recall
- B.
Cued recall
- C.
Recognition
- D.
Serial position effect
Correct Answer
A. Recall -
- 24.
A test of long-term memory that involves identifying correct information out of several possible choices.
- A.
Recall
- B.
Cued recall
- C.
Recognition
- D.
Serial position effect
Correct Answer
C. Recognition -
- 25.
The tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than items in the middle.
- A.
Recall
- B.
Cued recall
- C.
Recognition
- D.
Serial position effect
Correct Answer
D. Serial position effect -
- 26.
Fill-in-the Blank and matching questions are examples of _________ tests.
- A.
Cued-recall
- B.
Recall
- C.
Recognition
- D.
Serial position effect
Correct Answer
A. Cued-recall -
- 27.
Multiple choice tests use ___________ as a measure of memorization.
- A.
Recall
- B.
Cued recall
- C.
Recognition
- D.
Serial position effect
Correct Answer
C. Recognition -
- 28.
The context effect and mood congruence are associated with the ________________.
- A.
Serial position effect
- B.
Flashbulb memory
- C.
Encoding specificity principle
Correct Answer
C. Encoding specificity principle -
- 29.
The ______________________ is the tendency to recover information more easily when the retrieval occurs in the same setting as the original learning of the information.
- A.
Context effect
- B.
Mood congruence
- C.
Flashbulb memory
- D.
Serial position effect
Correct Answer
A. Context effect -
- 30.
An encoding specificity phenomenon in which a given mood tends to evoke memories that are consistent with that mood.
- A.
Context effect
- B.
Mood congruence
- C.
Serial position effect
- D.
Recall
Correct Answer
B. Mood congruence -
- 31.
In seriously depressed individuals, the _______________________ effect can actually pro-long depression. the depressed mood enhances memory retrieval of sad experiences, such as personal failures or losses. In turn, dwelling on negative memories can intensify or prolong the depression.
- A.
Flashbulb memory
- B.
Serial position
- C.
Mood congruence
- D.
Context
Correct Answer
C. Mood congruence -
- 32.
The recall of very specific images or details sorrounding a vivid, rare, or significant personal event; details may or may not be accurate.
- A.
Context effect
- B.
Flashbulb memory
- C.
Cued recall
- D.
Recognition
Correct Answer
B. Flashbulb memory -
- 33.
Psychologist who used 'nonsense syllables' to test memory; originated the scientific study of forgetting; plotted the first forgetting curve, which describes the basic pattern of forgetting learned information over time.
- A.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
- B.
Eric Kandel
- C.
George Sperling
- D.
Richard F. Thompson
Correct Answer
A. Hermann Ebbinghaus -
- 34.
Prospective coding failures are largely due to _______________ failure
- A.
Encoding
- B.
Short-term memory
- C.
Retrieval cue
- D.
Recall
Correct Answer
C. Retrieval cue -
- 35.
Absent mindedness is a phenomenon that often causes ______________ failure
- A.
Retrieval cue
- B.
Prospective memory
- C.
Recall
- D.
Encoding.
Correct Answer
D. Encoding. -
- 36.
Which of the following is NOT a proposed explanation for the phenomenon known as "deja vu"
- A.
A disruption in source monitoring
- B.
Encoding Failure
- C.
Decay Theory
- D.
A millisecond time lag in which information is sent to one cerebral hemisphere a split second before it is sent to the other hemisphere.
Correct Answer
C. Decay Theory -
- 37.
The forgetting curves plotted by Hermann Ebbinghaus seem to contradict which theory of forgetting?
- A.
Interference Theory
- B.
Motivated forgetting
- C.
Decay Theory
- D.
Retrograde amnesia
Correct Answer
C. Decay Theory -
- 38.
Forgetting in which an old memory interferes with remembering a new memory; forward-acting memory interference.
- A.
Retroactive interference
- B.
Proactive interference
- C.
Suppression
- D.
Repression
Correct Answer
B. Proactive interference -
- 39.
_____________ is motivated forgetting that occurs consciously, while ________________ is motivated forgetting that occurs unconsciously.
- A.
Repression; suppression
- B.
Suppression; repression
Correct Answer
B. Suppression; repression -
- 40.
The ______________________ is a memory distortion phenomenon in which a person's existing memories can be altered if the person is exposed to misleading information.
- A.
Source confusion
- B.
Misinformation effect
- C.
Proactive interference
- D.
Suppression
Correct Answer
B. Misinformation effect -
- 41.
American psychologist who has conducted extensive research on the memory distortions that can occur in eyewitness testimony.
- A.
Elizabeth F. Loftus
- B.
Brenda Milner
- C.
Karly Lasley
- D.
Suzanne Corkin
Correct Answer
A. Elizabeth F. Loftus -
- 42.
A memory distortion that occurs when the true source of the memory is forgotten.
- A.
False memory
- B.
Deja vu
- C.
Source monitoring
- D.
Source confusion
Correct Answer
D. Source confusion -
- 43.
Source confusion and false memories can result from the _______________ effect
- A.
Context
- B.
Misinformation
- C.
Serial position
Correct Answer
B. Misinformation -
- 44.
No longer just a utilitarian communication device, phones can be used to flirg, play games, or make a fashion statement. As the capabilities and function of phones have expanded, your _________ has changed to incorporate these new attributes.
- A.
Schema
- B.
Memory
- C.
Understanding
- D.
Perspective
Correct Answer
A. Schema -
- 45.
Several studies have shown that vividly imagining an event markedly increases confidence that the event actually occurred in childhood, an effect called___________________
- A.
The misinformation effect
- B.
False memory
- C.
Imagination inflation
- D.
Flashbulb memory
Correct Answer
C. Imagination inflation -
- 46.
A teacher who is having difficulty remembering the names of new students, because of her vivid memories of students' names from a previous semester, is experiencing:
- A.
Source confusion
- B.
Retroactive interference
- C.
Proactive interference
- D.
Decay
Correct Answer
C. Proactive interference -
- 47.
The brain changes associated with a particular stored memory is called a ______________
- A.
Memory trace
- B.
Memory formation
- C.
New info
- D.
Chemical reaction
Correct Answer
A. Memory trace -
- 48.
Physiological psychologist who attempted to find the specific brain location of particular memories.
- A.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
- B.
George Sperling
- C.
Eric Kandel
- D.
Karl Lashley
Correct Answer
D. Karl Lashley -
- 49.
Although __________________ failed to show that memories can be localized, psychologist ________________________ succeded in confirming Pavlov's speculations.
- A.
Richard F. Thompson; Karl Lashley
- B.
Karl Lashley; Richard F. Thompson
- C.
George Sperling; Eric Kandel
- D.
Eric Kandel; Richard F. Thompson
Correct Answer
B. Karl Lashley; Richard F. Thompson -
- 50.
The combined work of Richard f. Thompson and his predecessor, Karl Lashley, suggests that memories_________________
- A.
Are localized
- B.
Are distributed
- C.
Are both localized and distributed
Correct Answer
C. Are both localized and distributed -
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