Chapter 25 Microbiology
- 1.
Virus morphology does not include which of the following characteristics?
- A.
Size
- B.
Shape
- C.
presence or absence of an envelope
- D.
Host range
Correct Answer
D. Host range -
- 2.
Which of the following uses dsRNA as the genome?
- A.
Parvovirus
- B.
Bunyavirus
- C.
Reovirus
- D.
Poxvirus
Correct Answer
C. Reovirus -
- 3.
Which of the following is(are) used in the classification of animal viruses?
- A.
Virion morphology
- B.
genome structure
- C.
Genetic relatedness
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. All of the choices -
- 4.
The tails of some bacteriophage
- A.
include a contractile sheath.
- B.
rotate like flagella to drive the phage genome into the cytoplasm of the host.
- C.
Exhibit oar like motion that drives the phage genome into the cytoplasm of the host.
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
A. include a contractile sheath. -
- 5.
Late mRNA products in T4 phage include
- A.
Phage structural proteins.
- B.
Proteins that help with phage assembly without becoming part of the virion.
- C.
Proteins involved in cell lysis and phage release.
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. Phage structural proteins. -
- 6.
Viruses infecting algae have never been detected.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 7.
Which of the following represent(s) the way(s) in which enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes?
- A.
Budding through the plasma membrane.
- B.
budding through internal cellular membranes.
- C.
Viral enzymes are responsible for production of the envelope.
- D.
For some viruses, a is correct; for other viruses, b is correct.
Correct Answer
D. For some viruses, a is correct; for other viruses, b is correct. -
- 8.
Unlike most enveloped viruses, herpes viruses involve the host __________ membrane in the formation of their envelope.
- A.
Plasma
- B.
Nuclear
- C.
Mitochondrial
- D.
None of these
Correct Answer
B. Nuclear -
- 9.
The most common type of molecule found on the surface of animal viruses for interacting with host cell receptors is a(n)
- A.
Lipoprotein
- B.
Glycoprotein
- C.
Phosphoprotein
- D.
Teichoic acid
Correct Answer
B. Glycoprotein -
- 10.
Which of the following does not use RNA as the genome?
- A.
Poxvirus
- B.
Poliovirus
- C.
Influenza virus
- D.
Rabies virus
Correct Answer
A. Poxvirus -
- 11.
The largest viruses known are the
- A.
Herpes viruses
- B.
Hepadnaviruses
- C.
Adenoviruses
- D.
Mimiviruses
Correct Answer
D. Mimiviruses -
- 12.
A __________ infection is one in which the virus quits reproducing and remains dormant for a period before becoming active again.
- A.
Persistent
- B.
Latent
- C.
Slow virus
- D.
None of these
Correct Answer
B. Latent -
- 13.
In which of the following stages of the viral infectious cycle do enveloped viruses usually acquire their envelopes?
- A.
Penetration
- B.
Component biosynthesis
- C.
Assembly
- D.
Release
Correct Answer
D. Release -
- 14.
For which of the following DNA viruses do(es) DNA replication occur in the cytoplasm rather than in the nucleus?
- A.
Poxviruses
- B.
Herpes viruses
- C.
Adenoviruses
- D.
DNA replication occurs in the nucleus for all of these.
Correct Answer
A. Poxviruses -
- 15.
A bacterium carrying a dormant phage inserted in the chromosome is called a __________.
Correct Answer
lysogen - 16.
Bacteriophage T4 blocks transcription of host genes using an enzyme that transfers an ______ from NAD onto the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase.
Correct Answer
ADP - 17.
__________ is an unusual base found in the DNA of T-even phages.
Correct Answer
Hydroxymethylcytosine - 18.
________ mRNA is synthesized before replication of the viral nucleic acid.
Correct Answer
Early - 19.
For most T-even phages, the nucleic acid enters the host cell but the capsid is left outside.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 20.
Glucosylation of hydroxymethylcytosine residues protects phage T4 DNA from cleavage by bacterial restriction enzymes.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 21.
Once a virus establishes lysogeny, it may not switch to the lytic cycle at some later time.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 22.
In the case of phage lambda, termination of lysogeny and entry into the lytic cycle usually occurs in response to environmental damage to the host DNA.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 23.
In viral infections involving double-stranded DNA viruses, all of the viral genes are usually expressed prior to the replication of viral nucleic acid.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 24.
Lysogeny always requires integration of the viral genome into the host chromosome.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 25.
Phage T4 gains release from the infected host cell like many other double stranded DNA phages by interfering with the activity of enzymes that synthesize peptidoglycan.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 26.
Phage T4 protects its DNA from cleavage by host restriction enzymes by
- A.
Inactivating restriction enzymes.
- B.
substituting glucosylated hydroxymethylcytosine for cytosine.
- C.
Methylating bases.
- D.
Replicating very rapidly.
Correct Answer
B. substituting glucosylated hydroxymethylcytosine for cytosine. -
- 27.
Release of T4 phage from host cells after assembly
- A.
Occurs by extrusion and does not result in cell lysis.
- B.
Depends on a protein that interacts with MurA and interferes with normal peptidoglycan synthesis.
- C.
Requires holin protein which allows the T4 lysozyme to attack the peptidoglycan.
- D.
Occurs by exocytosis.
Correct Answer
C. Requires holin protein which allows the T4 lysozyme to attack the peptidoglycan. -
- 28.
Bacteriophage that only exhibit lytic replication cycles are called __________ phages.
- A.
Temperate
- B.
Virulent
- C.
Intemperate
- D.
Lytigate
Correct Answer
B. Virulent -
- 29.
All bacteriophages infecting members of the Archaea possess genomes made of
- A.
DsDNA
- B.
SsDNA
- C.
DsRNA
- D.
SsRNA
Correct Answer
A. DsDNA -
- 30.
A _________________ is a sequence-specific recognition protein with endonuclease activity.
- A.
DNA Helicase
- B.
Terminal transferase
- C.
Restriction endonuclease
- D.
DNA ligase
Correct Answer
C. Restriction endonuclease -
- 31.
The protein required for the establishment and maintenance of lysogeny in cells infected with the temperate bacteriophage lambda is the
- A.
Lac repressor.
- B.
Lambda repressor.
- C.
lambda cos.
- D.
Lambda Xis and Int proteins.
Correct Answer
B. Lambda repressor. -
- 32.
The sequence of genes in each T4 virus within a population is the same but starts with a different gene at the 5' end. If each of these linear pieces is circularized, the gene sequences would be identical. The T4 DNA, therefore, is described as being
- A.
Two fold rotationally symmetrical.
- B.
A linear repeat.
- C.
Circularly permuted.
- D.
Linearly palindromic.
Correct Answer
C. Circularly permuted. -
- 33.
In T-even phages, which of the following makes the initial contact with the appropriate receptor site?
- A.
Tail fiber
- B.
Base plate
- C.
Collar
- D.
Tail tube
Correct Answer
A. Tail fiber -
- 34.
The latent form of a bacteriophage genome that exists when a phage establishes lysogeny is called a
- A.
Lysogen
- B.
Prophage
- C.
Viroid
- D.
Prion
Correct Answer
B. Prophage -
- 35.
Entry of a virus into the lytic cycle after lysogeny has been established is called
- A.
Lysogenic conversion.
- B.
lysogenic reversion.
- C.
Induction
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
C. Induction -
- 36.
Establishment of lysogeny by phage is usually influenced strongly by
- A.
The previous host infected by the virus.
- B.
Components of the host replication machinery.
- C.
The physiological condition of the host at the time of infection.
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
C. The physiological condition of the host at the time of infection. -
- 37.
A bacteriophage that can integrate its genome into the host chromosome and not cause lysis of the host cell is said to be
- A.
Virulent
- B.
Avirulent
- C.
Moderate
- D.
Temperate
Correct Answer
D. Temperate -
- 38.
When a viral genome is integrated into the host chromosome but does not result in the lysis of the host cell, the condition is referred to as
- A.
temperate infection.
- B.
A virulent infection.
- C.
Lysogeny
- D.
a lytic infection.
Correct Answer
C. Lysogeny -
- 39.
The cascade of events determining whether bacteriophage lambda elects to purpose lysogeny or a lytic cycle begins with a race between the production of the lambda repressor and
- A.
Integrase
- B.
N protein.
- C.
Endolysin
- D.
Cro protein.
Correct Answer
D. Cro protein. -
- 40.
_____________ are able to degrade infecting bacteriophage DNA, thus protecting the host cell.
- A.
Lysozyme
- B.
Protection exonucleases
- C.
Restriction endonucleases
- D.
Modification methylases
Correct Answer
C. Restriction endonucleases -
- 41.
Attachment of a bacteriophage to its host requires
- A.
specific surface proteins on the bacteriophage.
- B.
Specific receptor molecules on the host cell.
- C.
Nucleic acid protein interactions.
- D.
Specific surface proteins on the bacteriophage and specific receptor molecules on the host cell
Correct Answer
D. Specific surface proteins on the bacteriophage and specific receptor molecules on the host cell -
- 42.
In order for bacteriophage to be released from the host by a lysis mechanism, enzymes are required that
- A.
halt ATP synthesis.
- B.
Stabilize the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall.
- C.
Damage the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane.
- D.
Degrade the host chromosome.
Correct Answer
C. Damage the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. -
- 43.
Which of the following is not a function of the replicative form (dsDNA) of phage phiX174?
- A.
Direct the synthesis of more RF copies
- B.
Direct the synthesis of minus-stranded DNA
- C.
Direct the synthesis of plus-stranded DNA
- D.
Direct the synthesis of mRNA
Correct Answer
B. Direct the synthesis of minus-stranded DNA -
- 44.
The genomes of phiX174 and fd are
- A.
Double stranded DNA.
- B.
Single stranded DNA.
- C.
Double stranded RNA.
- D.
Single stranded RNA.
Correct Answer
B. Single stranded DNA. -
- 45.
Parvoviruses are among the simplest known DNA viruses of animals.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 46.
Which of the following uses ssDNA as the genome?
- A.
Parvovirus
- B.
Poliovirus
- C.
Herpesvirus
- D.
Poxvirus
Correct Answer
A. Parvovirus -
- 47.
Because their host cells have dsDNA genomes, viruses with RNA genomes cannot rely on host cell enzymes for genome replication or mRNA synthesis.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 48.
A group of viruses that cause severe diarrhea, resulting in over 600,000 deaths worldwide annually is the
- A.
Polioviruses
- B.
Rotaviruses
- C.
Poxviruses
- D.
Herpesviruses
Correct Answer
B. Rotaviruses -
- 49.
When a _________ enters a host cell, it loses the outermost protein layer and is then referred to by virologists as a double-layered particle (DLP).
Correct Answer
rotavirus - 50.
For bacteriophage with +ssRNA as their genome, which type of nucleic acid is used as the template for the production of more genomic RNA?
- A.
-ssRNA
- B.
DsRNA
- C.
SsDNA
- D.
DsDNA
Correct Answer
B. DsRNA -
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