Chapter 10 Microbiology
When you undertake to study microbiology you aim to get an understanding of how a cell works within living things. Through the study of microbiology we have now known how to treat and prevent some of the diseases affecting living things, as we know it. How much do you know about microorganisms? Take up the quiz below and get to find out for sure. All the best and keep an eye out for more quizzes.
- 1.
The sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in a cell is called
- A.
Anabolism
- B.
Catabolism
- C.
Metabolism
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
C. Metabolism -
- 2.
Although most metabolic reactions are freely reversible, a few irreversible catabolic steps are bypassed during biosynthesis with special enzymes that catalyze the reverse reaction in order to allow for independent regulation of catabolic and anabolic pathways.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 3.
Metabolic pathways can be either catabolic or anabolic but not both.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 4.
__________ pathways are those that function both catabolically and anabolically.
Correct Answer
Amphibolic - 5.
The catabolism of glucose begins with one or more of the glycolytic pathways that yield pyruvate.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 6.
____________ ____________ is a process that can completely catabolize an organic energy source to CO2 using the glycolytic pathways and TCA cycle with O2 as the terminal electron acceptor for an electron transport chain. (2 words)
Correct Answer
aerobic respiration - 7.
Very few gram positive bacteria utilize the Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathway.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 8.
Some aerobic bacteria lack the Entner-Doudoroff and Embden-Meyerhoff pathways and instead use the pentose phosphate pathway for glycolysis.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 9.
An organism may use glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway simultaneously.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 10.
The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized anaerobically via the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway in prokaryotes is
- A.
2
- B.
36
- C.
38
- D.
85
Correct Answer
A. 2 -
- 11.
The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized to pyruvate using Entner-Doudoroff pathway is
- A.
4
- B.
2
- C.
1
- D.
0
Correct Answer
C. 1 -
- 12.
The pentose phosphate pathway produces
- A.
CO2
- B.
NADPH
- C.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. All of the choices -
- 13.
The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi, when coupled with an exergonic chemical reaction is called __________ phosphorylation.
- A.
Chemiosmotic
- B.
Oxidative
- C.
Substrate level
- D.
Conformational change
Correct Answer
C. Substrate level -
- 14.
The most common pathway for conversion of glucose to pyruvate is
- A.
Entner-Doudoroff
- B.
Pentose phosphate
- C.
Embden-Meyerhoff
- D.
Mixed acid fermentation
Correct Answer
C. Embden-Meyerhoff -
- 15.
The TCA cycle generates all of the following from each acetyl-CoA molecule oxidized except
- A.
Three NADH molecules.
- B.
Two CO2 molecules.
- C.
One FADH2 molecule.
- D.
One ATP molecule.
Correct Answer
D. One ATP molecule. -
- 16.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex oxidizes and cleaves pyruvate to form one CO2 and
- A.
Lactate
- B.
Isocitric acid
- C.
Acetyl-CoA
- D.
Succinyl-CoA
Correct Answer
C. Acetyl-CoA -
- 17.
After glycolysis, pyruvate is oxidized to one CO2 and the two-carbon molecule acetyl-CoA by a multienzyme system called the ________ ________ complex. (2 words)
Correct Answer
pyruvate dehydrogenase - 18.
TCA cycle enzymes are found in the _____________ _________ of eukaryotic cells. (2 words)
Correct Answer
mitochondrial matrix - 19.
In the TCA cycle, two carbons are removed from citric acid in the form of __________, thereby regenerating oxaloacetate to complete the cycle.
- A.
Acetyl-CoA
- B.
Ethanol
- C.
Carbon dioxide
- D.
Methanol
Correct Answer
C. Carbon dioxide -
- 20.
In the TCA cycle, two carbons in the form of __________ are added to oxaloacetate at the start of the cycle.
- A.
Acetyl-CoA
- B.
Ethanol
- C.
Carbon dioxide
- D.
Methanol
Correct Answer
A. Acetyl-CoA -
- 21.
The major function(s) of the TCA cycle is(are)
- A.
Energy production
- B.
Provision of carbon skeletons for biosynthesis of cell components.
- C.
Electron transport.
- D.
Energy production and provision of carbon skeletons for biosynthesis of cell components.
Correct Answer
D. Energy production and provision of carbon skeletons for biosynthesis of cell components. -
- 22.
When mitochondria pass electrons donated by NADH through the electron transport chain to molecular oxygen, a theoretical maximum of __________ molecules of ATP can be made per oxygen molecule reduced.
Correct Answer
three
3 - 23.
The hypothesis that proton motive force drives ATP synthesis is called the __________ hypothesis.
Correct Answer
chemiosmotic - 24.
The most commonly accepted hypothesis for the production of ATP that results from electron transport system is called the __________ hypothesis.
Correct Answer
chemiosmotic - 25.
Bacterial electron transport chains may be comprised of fewer components and have lower P/O ratios than mitochondrial transport chains.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 26.
The electron transport systems in eukaryotes and prokaryotes use different electron carriers.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 27.
In addition to being used in the making of ATP, proton motive force is used directly to power the rotation of bacterial flagella.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 28.
Differences between mitochondrial and E. coli electron transport chains include the following:
- A.
The E. coli chain contains a different array of cytochromes.
- B.
The fundamental principles on which they operate are different.
- C.
Higher P/O values are observed in E. coli.
- D.
The electron transport change does not involve membranes in E. coli.
Correct Answer
A. The E. coli chain contains a different array of cytochromes. -
- 29.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding ATP synthases?
- A.
They require proton motive force to make ATP.
- B.
They span the inner membrane of mitochondria.
- C.
The proton flow is outward during ATP synthesis.
- D.
The subunits of ATP synthase undergo conformational changes during ATP production.
Correct Answer
C. The proton flow is outward during ATP synthesis. -
- 30.
The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically in eukaryotes is
- A.
2
- B.
32
- C.
38
- D.
85
Correct Answer
B. 32 -
- 31.
Production of ATP using the energy liberated when electrons from reduced chemical bonds are passed through the electron transport system is generally referred to as __________.
- A.
Chemiosmotic
- B.
Respiration
- C.
Substrate-level
- D.
Conformation change
Correct Answer
B. Respiration -
- 32.
Mitochondrial electron transport takes place
- A.
On the outer mitochondrial membrane.
- B.
On the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- C.
In the fluid matrix of the mitochondria.
- D.
On the outer mitochondrial membrane and on the inner mitochondrial membrane
Correct Answer
B. On the inner mitochondrial membrane. -
- 33.
In higher eukaryotes, most aerobically generated ATP is produced by
- A.
Glycolysis
- B.
The TCA cycle
- C.
A membrane bound proton translocating ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation.
- D.
All of these generate equal amounts of ATP.
Correct Answer
C. A membrane bound proton translocating ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation. -
- 34.
The number of ATP molecules generated per atom of oxygen that is reduced when electrons are passed from NADH or reduced FAD (FADH) to O2 is called the
- A.
Utilization ratio
- B.
Energy yield
- C.
P/O ratio
- D.
Phosphorylation coefficient
Correct Answer
C. P/O ratio -
- 35.
In aerobic conditions, it takes __________ sugar to produce the same amount of ATP when compared to anaerobic conditions.
- A.
More
- B.
Less
- C.
The same amount of
Correct Answer
B. Less -
- 36.
Prokaryotes may use several different terminal oxidases for the electron transport system.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 37.
Reduction of nitrate to nitrite by Paracoccus denitrificans is an example of anaerobic respiration.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 38.
When cells of a facultative anaerobe such as Paracoccus denitrificans are growing under anaerobic conditions and using nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor, ______________ nitrate reduction is occurring.
Correct Answer
dissimilatory - 39.
Which of the following can be used as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration?
- A.
Nitrate
- B.
Sulfate
- C.
Carbon dioxide
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. All of the choices -
- 40.
Organisms that form lactate, ethanol, and CO2 as end products of glucose metabolism are called __________ fermenters.
Correct Answer
heterolactic - 41.
Fermentation involves the use of pyruvate and/or other organic molecules as electron acceptors.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 42.
In the process of fermentation an organic substrate, such as glucose, is reduced and an intermediate of the pathway, such as pyruvate, is oxidized.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 43.
Organisms that directly reduce almost all of their pyruvate to lactate are called __________ fermenters.
Correct Answer
homolactic - 44.
Oxygen is always required for the regeneration of NAD from NADH.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 45.
Large external polysaccharides are degraded by bacteria and archaea using ________ ________, which secrete these substances outside the cell. (2 words)
Correct Answer
hydrolytic enzymes
hydrolytic enzyme - 46.
Disaccharides and polysaccharides can be processed as nutrients after first being cleaved to monosaccharides by either __________ or __________. (answer, answer)
Correct Answer
hydrolysis, phosphorolysis
phosphorolysis, hydrolysis - 47.
Fatty acids are metabolized by the __________ pathway.
- A.
Alpha-oxidation
- B.
Beta-oxidation
- C.
Gamma-oxidation
- D.
Delta-oxidation
Correct Answer
B. Beta-oxidation -
- 48.
During breakdown of fatty acids, carbons are removed __________ at a time with each turn of the cycle, and two carbon units are released as __________.
- A.
One; carbon dioxide
- B.
One; methane
- C.
Two; acetyl-CoA
- D.
Two; ethanol
Correct Answer
C. Two; acetyl-CoA -
- 49.
Proteins are catabolized by hydrolytic cleavage to amino acids by the action of enzymes called __________.
Correct Answer
proteases - 50.
Amino acids are processed first by the removal of the amino group through
- A.
Deamination
- B.
Trasamination
- C.
Phosphorolytic cleavage
- D.
Deamination or transamination
Correct Answer
D. Deamination or transamination -
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May 01, 2019Quiz Edited by
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Jun 02, 2012Quiz Created by
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