Anatomy Midterm Exam
For the last while, you’ve been learning all about the inner workings of the human body, and it’s time to finally put your newfound knowledge to the test in this Anatomy Midterm Exam! What do you know about the study? Let’s take a look right now and find out!
- 1.
A 21-year-old patient has a lesion of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (Erb– Duchenne paralysis). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A.
Paralysis of the rhomboid major
- B.
Inability to elevate the arm above the horizontal
- C.
Arm tending to lie in medial rotation
- D.
Loss of sensation on the medial side of the arm
- E.
Inability to adduct the thumb
Correct Answer
C. Arm tending to lie in medial rotation -
- 2.
A patient comes in with a gunshot wound and requires surgery in which his thoracoacromial trunk needs to be ligated. Which of the following arterial branches would maintain normal blood fl ow?
- A.
Acromial
- B.
Pectoral
- C.
Clavicular
- D.
Deltoid
- E.
Superior thoracic
Correct Answer
E. Superior thoracic -
- 3.
A 29-year-old man comes in with a stab wound, cannot raise his arm above horizontal, and exhibits a condition known as “winged scapula.” Which of the following structures of the brachial plexus would most likely be damaged?
- A.
Medial cord
- B.
Posterior cord
- C.
Lower trunk
- D.
Roots
- E.
Upper trunk
Correct Answer
D. Roots -
- 4.
A 16-year-old patient has weakness fl exing the metacarpophalangeal joint of the ring fi nger and is unable to adduct the same fi nger. Which of the following muscles is most likely paralyzed?
- A.
Flexor digitorum profundus
- B.
Extensor digitorum
- C.
Lumbrical
- D.
Dorsal interosseous
- E.
Palmar interosseous
Correct Answer
E. Palmar interosseous -
- 5.
A 27-year-old patient presents with an inability to draw the scapula forward and downward because of paralysis of the pectoralis minor. Which of the following would most likely be a cause of his condition?
- A.
Fracture of the clavicle
- B.
Injury to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
- C.
Fracture of the coracoid process
- D.
Axillary nerve injury
- E.
Defects in the posterior wall of the axilla
Correct Answer
C. Fracture of the coracoid process -
- 6.
A 22-year-old patient received a stab wound in the chest that injured the intercostobrachial nerve. Which of the following conditions results from the described lesion of the nerve?
- A.
Inability to move the ribs
- B.
Loss of tactile sensation on the lateral aspect of the arm
- C.
Absence of sweating on the posterior aspect of the arm
- D.
Loss of sensory fi bers from the second intercostal nerve
- E.
Damage to the sympathetic preganglionic fi bers
Correct Answer
D. Loss of sensory fi bers from the second intercostal nerve -
- 7.
A 16 year-old boy fell from a motorcycle, and his radial nerve was severely damaged because of a fracture of the midshaft of the humerus. Which of the following conditions would most likely result from this accident?
- A.
Loss of wrist extension leading to wrist drop
- B.
Weakness in pronating the forearm
- C.
Sensory loss over the ventral aspect of the base of the thumb
- D.
Inability to oppose the thumb
- E.
Inability to abduct the fingers
Correct Answer
A. Loss of wrist extension leading to wrist drop -
- 8.
A patient comes in complaining that she cannot fl ex her proximal interphalangeal joints. Which of the following muscles appear(s) to be paralyzed on further examination of her finger?
- A.
Palmar interossei
- B.
Dorsal interossei
- C.
Flexor digitorum profundus
- D.
Flexor digitorum superficialis
- E.
Lumbricals
Correct Answer
D. Flexor digitorum superficialis -
- 9.
A 21-year-old woman walks in with a shoulder and arm injury after falling during horseback riding. Examination indicates that she cannot adduct her arm because of paralysis of which of the following muscles?
- A.
Teres minor
- B.
Supraspinatus
- C.
Latissimus dorsi
- D.
Infraspinatus
- E.
Serratus anterior
Correct Answer
C. Latissimus dorsi -
- 10.
A 35-year-old man walks in with a stab wound to the most medial side of the proximal portion of the cubital fossa. Which of the following structures would most likely be damaged?
- A.
Biceps brachii tendon
- B.
Radial nerve
- C.
Brachial artery
- D.
Radial recurrent artery
- E.
Median nerve
Correct Answer
E. Median nerve -
- 11.
The police bring in a murder suspect who has been in a gunfi ght with a police offi cer. The suspect was struck by a bullet in the arm; his median nerve has been damaged. Which of the following symptoms is likely produced by this nerve damage?
- A.
Waiter’s tip hand
- B.
Claw hand
- C.
Wrist drop
- D.
Ape hand
- E.
Flattening of the hypothenar eminence
Correct Answer
D. Ape hand -
- 12.
An automobile body shop worker has his middle finger crushed while working on a transmission. Which of the following muscles is most likely to retain function?
- A.
Extensor digitorum
- B.
Flexor digitorum profundus
- C.
Palmar interosseous
- D.
Dorsal interosseous
- E.
Lumbrical
Correct Answer
C. Palmar interosseous -
- 13.
A 14-year-old boy falls on his outstretched hand and has a fracture of the scaphoid bone. The fracture is most likely accompanied by a rupture of which of the following arteries?
- A.
Brachial artery
- B.
Ulnar artery
- C.
Deep palmar arterial arch
- D.
Radial artery
- E.
Princeps pollicis artery
Correct Answer
D. Radial artery -
- 14.
A 12-year-old boy walks in; he fell out of a tree and fractured the upper portion of his humerus. Which of the following nerves are intimately related to the humerus and are most likely to be injured by such a fracture?
- A.
Axillary and musculocutaneous
- B.
Radial and ulnar
- C.
Radial and axillary
- D.
Median and musculocutaneous
- E.
Median and ulnar
Correct Answer
C. Radial and axillary -
- 15.
A man injures his wrist on broken glass. Which of the following structures entering the palm superfi cial to the fl exor retinaculum may be damaged?
- A.
Ulnar nerve and median nerve
- B.
Median nerve and flexor digitorum profundus
- C.
Median nerve and flexor pollicis longus
- D.
Ulnar artery and ulnar nerve
- E.
Ulnar nerve and fl exor digitorum superficialis
Correct Answer
D. Ulnar artery and ulnar nerve -
- 16.
A patient with Bennett’s fracture (a fracture of the base of the fi rst metacarpal bone) experiences an impaired thumb movement. Which of the following intrinsic muscles of the thumb is most likely injured?
- A.
Abductor pollicis brevis
- B.
Flexor pollicis brevis (superficial head)
- C.
Opponens pollicis
- D.
Adductor pollicis
- E.
Flexor pollicis brevis (deep head)
Correct Answer
C. Opponens pollicis -
- 17.
A 27-year-old pianist with a known carpal tunnel syndrome experiences difficulty in finger movements. Which of the following intrinsic muscles of her hand is paralyzed?
- A.
Palmar interossei and adductor pollicis
- B.
Dorsal interossei and lateral two lumbricals
- C.
Lateral two lumbricals and opponens pollicis
- D.
Abductor pollicis brevis and palmar interossei
- E.
Medial two and lateral two lumbricals
Correct Answer
C. Lateral two lumbricals and opponens pollicis -
- 18.
A 31-year-old roofer walks in with tenosynovitis resulting from a deep penetrated wound in the palm by a big nail. Examination indicates that he has an infection in the ulnar bursa. This infection most likely resulted in necrosis of which of the following tendons?
- A.
Tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris
- B.
Tendon of the flexor pollicis longus
- C.
Tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus
- D.
Tendon of the flexor carpi radialis
- E.
Tendon of the palmaris longus
Correct Answer
C. Tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus -
- 19.
An 18-year-old boy involved in an automobile accident presents with arm that cannot abduct. His paralysis is caused by damage to which of the following nerves?
- A.
Suprascapular and axillary
- B.
Thoracodorsal and upper subscapular
- C.
Axillary and musculocutaneous
- D.
Radial and lower subscapular
- E.
Suprascapular and dorsal scapular
Correct Answer
A. Suprascapular and axillary -
- 20.
A 17-year-old boy with a stab wound received multiple injuries on the upper part of the arm and required surgery. If the brachial artery were ligated at its origin, which of the following arteries would supply blood to the profunda brachii artery?
- A.
Lateral thoracic
- B.
Subscapular
- C.
Posterior humeral circumflex
- D.
Superior ulnar collateral
- E.
Radial recurrent
Correct Answer
C. Posterior humeral circumflex -
- 21.
A 23-year-old woman who receives a deep cut to her ring fi nger by a kitchen knife is unable to move the metacarpophalangeal joint. Which of the following pairs of nerves was damaged?
- A.
Median and ulnar
- B.
Radial and median
- C.
Musculocutaneous and ulnar
- D.
Ulnar and radial
- E.
Radial and axillary
Correct Answer
D. Ulnar and radial -
- 22.
A 27-year-old baseball player is hit on his forearm by a high-speed ball during the World Series, and the muscles that form the floor of the cubital fossa appear to be torn. Which of the following groups of muscles have lost their functions?
- A.
Brachioradialis and supinator
- B.
Brachialis and supinator
- C.
Pronator teres and supinator
- D.
Supinator and pronator quadratus
- E.
Brachialis and pronator teres
Correct Answer
B. Brachialis and supinator -
- 23.
A 23-year-old man complains of numbness on the medial side of the arm following a stab wound in the axilla. On examination, he is diagnosed with an injury of his medial brachial cutaneous nerve. In which of the following structures are the cell bodies of the damaged nerve involved in numbness located?
- A.
Sympathetic chain ganglion
- B.
Dorsal root ganglion
- C.
Anterior horn of the spinal cord
- D.
Lateral horn of the spinal cord
- E.
Posterior horn of the spinal cord
Correct Answer
B. Dorsal root ganglion -
- 24.
A 38-year-old homebuilder was involved in an accident and is unable to supinate his forearm. Which of the following nerves are most likely damaged?
- A.
Suprascapular and axillary
- B.
Musculocutaneous and median
- C.
Axillary and radial
- D.
Radial and musculocutaneous
- E.
Median and ulnar
Correct Answer
D. Radial and musculocutaneous -
- 25.
A 31-year-old patient complains of sensory loss over the anterior and posterior surfaces of the medial third of the hand and the medial one and one-half fingers. He is diagnosed by a physician as having “funny bone” symptoms. Which of the following nerves is injured?
- A.
Axillary
- B.
Radial
- C.
Median
- D.
Ulnar
- E.
Musculocutaneous
Correct Answer
D. Ulnar -
- 26.
A patient with a deep stab wound in the middle of the forearm has impaired movement of the thumb. Examination indicates a lesion of the anterior interosseous nerve. Which of the following muscles is paralyzed?
- A.
Flexor pollicis longus and brevis
- B.
Flexor pollicis longus and opponens pollicis
- C.
Flexor digitorum profundus and pronator quadratus
- D.
Flexor digitorum profundus and superfi - cialis
- E.
Flexor pollicis brevis and pronator quadratus
Correct Answer
C. Flexor digitorum profundus and pronator quadratus -
- 27.
A 29-year-old patient comes in; he cannot fl ex the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint of the index finger. His physician determines that he has nerve damage from a supracondylar fracture. Which of the following conditions is also a symptom of this nerve damage?
- A.
Inability to fl ex the DIP joint of the ring finger
- B.
Atrophy of the hypothenar eminence
- C.
Loss of sensation over the distal part of the second digit
- D.
Paralysis of all the thumb muscles
- E.
Loss of supination
Correct Answer
C. Loss of sensation over the distal part of the second digit -
- 28.
A 27-year-old man with cubital tunnel syndrome complains of numbness and tingling in the ring and little fi nger and back and sides of his hand because of damage to a nerve in the tunnel at the elbow. Which of the following muscles is most likely to be paralyzed?
- A.
Flexor digitorum superficialis
- B.
Opponens pollicis
- C.
Two medial lumbricals
- D.
Pronator teres
- E.
Supinator
Correct Answer
C. Two medial lumbricals -
- 29.
A secretary comes in to your offi ce complaining of pain in her wrists from typing all day. You determine that she likely has carpal tunnel syndrome. Which of the following conditions would help you determine the diagnosis?
- A.
Inability to adduct the little fi nger
- B.
Inability to fl ex the DIP joint of the ring finger
- C.
Flattened thenar eminence
- D.
Loss of skin sensation of the medial one and one-half fingers
- E.
Atrophied adductor pollicis muscle
Correct Answer
C. Flattened thenar eminence -
- 30.
A man is unable to hold typing paper between his index and middle fingers. Which of the following nerves was likely injured?
- A.
Radial nerve
- B.
Median nerve
- C.
Ulnar nerve
- D.
Musculocutaneous nerve
- E.
Axillary nerve
Correct Answer
C. Ulnar nerve -
- 31.
The victim of an automobile accident has a destructive injury of the proximal row of carpal bones. Which of the following bones is most likely damaged?
- A.
Capitate
- B.
Hamate
- C.
Trapezium
- D.
Triquetrum
- E.
Trapezoid
Correct Answer
D. Triquetrum -
- 32.
A patient has a torn rotator cuff of the shoulder joint as the result of an automobile accident. Which of the following muscle tendons is intact and has normal function?
- A.
Supraspinatus
- B.
Subscapularis
- C.
Teres major
- D.
Teres minor
- E.
Infraspinatus
Correct Answer
C. Teres major -
- 33.
A patient complains of having pain with repeated movements of his thumb (claudication). His physician performs the Allen test and fi nds an insuffi ciency of the radial artery. Which of the following conditions would be a result of the radial artery stenosis?
- A.
A marked decrease in the blood fl ow in the superficial palmar arterial arch
- B.
Decreased pulsation in the artery passing superficial to the fl exor retinaculum
- C.
Ischemia of the entire extensor muscles of the forearm
- D.
A marked decrease in the blood fl ow in the princeps pollicis artery
- E.
A low blood pressure in the anterior interosseous artery
Correct Answer
D. A marked decrease in the blood fl ow in the princeps pollicis artery -
- 34.
A patient bleeding from the shoulder secondary to a knife wound is in fair condition because there is vascular anastomosis around the shoulder. Which of the following arteries is most likely a direct branch of the subclavian artery that is involved in the anastomosis?
- A.
Dorsal scapular artery
- B.
Thoracoacromial artery
- C.
Circumflex scapular artery
- D.
Transverse cervical artery
- E.
Suprascapular artery
Correct Answer
A. Dorsal scapular artery -
- 35.
During a breast examination of a 56-year-old woman, the physician found a palpable mass in her breast. Which of the following characteristics of breast cancer and its diagnosis is correct?
- A.
Elevated nipple
- B.
Polymastia
- C.
Shortening of the clavipectoral fascia
- D.
Dimpling of the overlying skin
- E.
Enlargement of the breast
Correct Answer
D. Dimpling of the overlying skin -
- 36.
A patient with a stab wound receives a laceration of the musculocutaneous nerve. Which of the following conditions is most likely to have occurred?
- A.
Lack of sweating on the lateral side of the forearm
- B.
Inability to extend the forearm
- C.
Paralysis of brachioradialis muscle
- D.
Loss of tactile sensation on the arm
- E.
Constriction of blood vessels on the hand
Correct Answer
A. Lack of sweating on the lateral side of the forearm -
- 37.
A 20-year-old man fell from the parallel bar during the Olympic trial. A neurologic examination reveals that he has a lesion of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. Which of the following muscles is most likely weakened by this injury?
- A.
Subscapularis
- B.
Teres major
- C.
Latissimus dorsi
- D.
Teres minor
- E.
Pectoralis major
Correct Answer
E. Pectoralis major -
- 38.
A 24-year-old carpenter suffers a crush injury of his entire little finger. Which of the following muscles is most likely to be spared?
- A.
Flexor digitorum profundus
- B.
Extensor digitorum
- C.
Palmar interossei
- D.
Dorsal interossei
- E.
Lumbricals
Correct Answer
D. Dorsal interossei -
- 39.
A 7-year-old boy falls from a tree house and is brought to the emergency department of a local hospital. On examination, he has weakness in rotating his arm laterally because of an injury of a nerve. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause a loss of this nerve function?
- A.
Injury to the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
- B.
Fracture of the anatomic neck of the humerus
- C.
Knife wound on the teres major muscle
- D.
Inferior dislocation of the head of the humerus
- E.
A tumor in the triangular space in the shoulder region
Correct Answer
D. Inferior dislocation of the head of the humerus -
- 40.
A 49-year-old woman is diagnosed as having a large lump in her right breast. Lymph from the cancerous breast drains primarily into which of the following nodes?
- A.
Apical nodes
- B.
Anterior (pectoral) nodes
- C.
Parasternal (internal thoracic) nodes
- D.
Supraclavicular nodes
- E.
Nodes of the anterior abdominal wall
Correct Answer
B. Anterior (pectoral) nodes -
- 41.
A 17-year-old boy fell from his motorcycle and complains of numbness of the lateral part of the arm. Examination reveals that the axillary nerve is severed. Which of the following types of axons is most likely spared?
- A.
Postganglionic sympathetic axons
- B.
Somatic afferent axons
- C.
Preganglionic sympathetic axons
- D.
General somatic efferent axons
- E.
General visceral afferent axons
Correct Answer
C. Preganglionic sympathetic axons -
- 42.
A construction worker suffers a destructive injury of the structures related to the anatomic snuffbox. Which of the following structures would most likely be damaged?
- A.
Triquetral bone
- B.
Trapezoid bone
- C.
Extensor indicis tendon
- D.
Abductor pollicis brevis tendon
- E.
Radial artery
Correct Answer
E. Radial artery -
- 43.
A rock climber falls on his shoulder, resulting in a chipping off of the lesser tubercle of the humerus. Which of the following structures would most likely have structural and functional damage?
- A.
Supraspinatus muscle
- B.
Infraspinatus muscle
- C.
Subscapularis muscle
- D.
Teres minor muscle
- E.
Coracohumeral ligament
Correct Answer
C. Subscapularis muscle -
- 44.
A 22-year-old female Macarena dancer fell from the stage and complains of elbow pain and inability to supinate her forearm. Which of the following nerves are most likely injured from this accident?
- A.
Median and ulnar nerves
- B.
Axillary and radial nerves
- C.
Radial and musculocutaneous nerves
- D.
Ulnar and axillary nerves
- E.
Musculocutaneous and median nerves
Correct Answer
C. Radial and musculocutaneous nerves -
- 45.
Questions 45–47: A 37-year-old female patient has a fracture of the clavicle. The junction of the middle and lateral thirds of the bone exhibits overriding of the medial and lateral fragments. The arm is rotated medially, but it is not rotated laterally. 45. The lateral portion of the fractured clavicle is displaced downward by which of the following?
- A.
Deltoid and trapezius muscles
- B.
Pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
- C.
Pectoralis minor muscle and gravity
- D.
Trapezius and pectoralis minor muscles
- E.
Deltoid muscle and gravity
Correct Answer
E. Deltoid muscle and gravity -
- 46.
46. Which of the following muscles causes upward displacement of the medial fragment?
- A.
Pectoralis major
- B.
Deltoid
- C.
Trapezius
- D.
Sternocleidomastoid
- E.
Scalenus anterior
Correct Answer
D. Sternocleidomastoid -
- 47.
47. Which of the following conditions is most likely to occur secondary to the fractured clavicle?
- A.
A fatal hemorrhage from the brachiocephalic vein
- B.
Thrombosis of the subclavian vein, causing a pulmonary embolism
- C.
Thrombosis of the subclavian artery, causing an embolism in the ascending aorta
- D.
Damage to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus
- E.
Damage to the long thoracic nerve, causing the winged scapula
Correct Answer
B. Thrombosis of the subclavian vein, causing a pulmonary embolism -
- 48.
Questions 48–50: A 21-year-old man injures his right arm in an automobile accident. Radiographic examination reveals a fracture of the medial epicondyle of the humerus. 48. Which of the following nerves is most likely injured as a result of this accident?
- A.
Axillary
- B.
Musculocutaneous
- C.
Radial
- D.
Median
- E.
Ulnar
Correct Answer
E. Ulnar -
- 49.
49. Which of the following muscles is most likely paralyzed as a result of this accident?
- A.
Extensor pollicis brevis
- B.
Abductor pollicis longus
- C.
Abductor pollicis brevis
- D.
Adductor pollicis
- E.
Opponens pollicis
Correct Answer
D. Adductor pollicis -
- 50.
50. After this injury, the patient is unable to do which of the following?
- A.
Flex the proximal interphalangeal joint of his ring finger
- B.
Flex the DIP joint of his index fi nger
- C.
Feel sensation on his middle fi nger
- D.
Abduct his thumb
- E.
Adduct his index finger
Correct Answer
E. Adduct his index finger -
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Mar 16, 2022Quiz Edited by
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Oct 12, 2012Quiz Created by
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