Patopharmacology Quiz 3 - Neurobiology And Alterations Of Hormonal Regulation
Another quiz created from Dr. Nmezi's study guide. This quiz covers chapters 18 & 21 from the McCance Pathophisiology E-text.
- 1.
From 20% to 30% of individuals with depression have dysregulated:
- A.
Sleep cycles
- B.
Pituitary function
- C.
Eating patterns
- D.
Thyoid function
Correct Answer
D. Thyoid functionExplanation
Approximately 20% to 30% of persons with unipolar depression have an altered hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) systemRate this question:
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- 2.
A decrease in receptor binding for which neuro transmitter is found in depressed individuals?
- A.
Norepinephrine
- B.
Serotonin
- C.
Dopamine
- D.
Acetylcholine
Correct Answer
B. SerotoninExplanation
Postmortem and/or brain imaging studies of depressed individuals reveal a widespread decrease in serotonin 5-HT1A receptor subtype binding in frontal, temporal, and limbic cortex as well as serotonin transporter binding in cerebral cortex and hippocampus.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is thought to be the alteration produced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) when treating individuals with depression?
- A.
It produces an alteration in the monoamine systems
- B.
It produces an alteration in serotonin
- C.
It produces an alteration in norepinephrine
- D.
It produces an alteration in the limbic system
Correct Answer
A. It produces an alteration in the monoamine systemsExplanation
Although the mechanism of action of ECT is not clear, the procedure is known to produce alterations in the monoamine system.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which electrolyte imbalance contriutes to lithium toxicity?
- A.
HYPERnatremia
- B.
HYPOnatermia
- C.
HYPERkalemia
- D.
HYPOkalemia
Correct Answer
B. HYPOnatermiaExplanation
A potentially serious side effect is lithium toxicity. Lithium is normally removed from the kidneys, however, when the body is sodium depleted, the kidneys reabsorb sodium along with lithium.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which neurotransmitter is inhibited in panic disorders?
- A.
Norepinephrine
- B.
Serotonin
- C.
Dopamine
- D.
Gama-aminobutyric (GABA)
Correct Answer
D. Gama-aminobutyric (GABA)Explanation
Panic disorder also may involve the GABA-benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor system.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which neurotransmitter is inhibited by generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
- A.
Gama-aminobutyric (GABA)
- B.
Serotonin
- C.
Dopamine
- D.
Norepinephrine
Correct Answer
A. Gama-aminobutyric (GABA)Explanation
A prominent alteration of GAD involves the GABA-BZ receptors.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is diagnosed when a person spends ___ months worrying excessively.
- A.
3
- B.
6
- C.
9
- D.
12
Correct Answer
B. 6Explanation
GAD is diagnosed when an individual spends at least 6 months worrying excessively and exhibits at least 3 of the 6 symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What are the most common side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
- A.
Orthostatic hypotension and weight gain
- B.
Dry mouth and sexual dysfunction
- C.
Sleep disturbances and nausea
- D.
Hypertensive crisis and agitation
Correct Answer
C. Sleep disturbances and nauseaExplanation
Common side effects of SSRIs include sleep disturbances (e.g. insomnia) and nausea.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Individuals who eat cheese, sour cream, liver, and avacado when taking monoamin oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) may experience:
- A.
Kidney damage
- B.
Hypertensive crisis
- C.
Orthostatic hypotension
- D.
Weight gain
Correct Answer
B. Hypertensive crisisExplanation
MAOIs also may induce acute and heightened elevations in blood pressure (e.g. hypertensive crisis) after intake of tyramine-rich foods, such as aged cheeses, sour cream, pods of broad beans, pickled herring, liver, canned figs, raisins, and avocados.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used to treat depression:
- A.
In pregnant women
- B.
To enhance the effects of antidepressants
- C.
As a first-line treatment before medications
- D.
That is unipolar
Correct Answer
A. In pregnant womenExplanation
ECT is used when individuals fail to respond to antidepressants or when they are severely depressed, pregnant, suicidal, or psychotic.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What is a notable complication in panic disorder?
- A.
Avolition
- B.
Anhedonia
- C.
Alogia
- D.
Agoraphobia
Correct Answer
D. AgoraphobiaExplanation
A notable complication of panic disorder is the development of agoraphobia or phobic avoidance of places or situations where escape or help is not readily available.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which form of diabetes insipidus (DI) is treatable with exogenous antidiruetic hormone (ADH)?
- A.
Neurogenic
- B.
Psychogenic
- C.
Nephrogenic
- D.
Ischemic
Correct Answer
A. NeurogenicExplanation
Neurogenic DI is treated with ADH replacement therapy.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Hyperpituitarism is generally caused by:
- A.
A pituitary adenoma
- B.
Hypothalmic hyposecretion
- C.
Autoimmune disorder of the pituitary
- D.
A neurohypophysial tumor
Correct Answer
A. A pituitary adenomaExplanation
Pituitary adenomas are generally associated with hyperpituitarism. The remaining options are not usually associated with the disorder.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The term used to describe a person who experiences a lack of all hormones associated with the anterior pituitary is:
- A.
Panhypopituitarism
- B.
Adrenocortocotropic (ACTH) deficiency
- C.
Hypopituitarism
- D.
Anterior pituitary failure
Correct Answer
A. PanhypopituitarismExplanation
Panhypopituitarism is the term correctly associated with the lack of all anterior pituitary hormones.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Visual disturbances are a result of a pituitary adenoma because of the:
- A.
Liberation of anterior pituitary hormones into the optic chiasm
- B.
Pituitary hormones clouding the lens of the eyes
- C.
Pressure of the tumor on the optic chiasm
- D.
Pressure of the tumor on the optic and occulomotor cranial nerves
Correct Answer
C. Pressure of the tumor on the optic chiasmExplanation
Pressure on the optic chiasm causes a variety of visual disturbances.Rate this question:
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- 16.
A primary adenoma causes thyroid and adrenal hypofunction because the tumor:
- A.
Metastasizes to the thyroid and adrenal glands through the lymphatic system causing reduced secretion of necessary hormones
- B.
Has a paradoxical effect on adjacent cells, which results in hyposecretion of other anterior pituitary hormones
- C.
Invades the hypothalamus adjacent to it and causes a reduction in the amount of hormones produced
- D.
Releases tumor markers that occupy the hormone receptor sites of other endocrine organs
Correct Answer
B. Has a paradoxical effect on adjacent cells, which results in hyposecretion of other anterior pituitary hormonesExplanation
The pressure produced by the tumor on neighboring anterior pituitary cells results in the hyposecretion of growth hormone, gonadotropin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of the growth hormone (GH) in adults?
- A.
Cushing syndrome
- B.
Acromegaly
- C.
Giantism
- D.
Myxedema
Correct Answer
B. AcromegalyExplanation
Acromegaly is the term for adults who have been exposed to continuously high levels of GH, whereas giantism is reserved for children and adolescents. The remaining options are not related to GH.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Giantism only occurs in children and adolescents because their:
- A.
Growth hormones are still diminshed
- B.
Epiphyseal plates have not yet closed
- C.
Skeletal muscles are not fully developed
- D.
Metabolic rate are higher than in adulthood
Correct Answer
B. Epiphyseal plates have not yet closedExplanation
The condition is related to the effects of GH on the growth of long bones.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Amenorrhea, galatorhhea, hirsutism, and osteopenia are each caused by a:
- A.
Posterior pituitary adenoma
- B.
Thymoma
- C.
Prolactinoma
- D.
Growth hormone adenoma
Correct Answer
C. ProlactinomaExplanation
The hallmark of prolactinoma is the sustained elevation of serum prolactin that is responsible for the symptomology referred to.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Graves disease develops from a(n):
- A.
Viral infection
- B.
Autoimmune process in which thyroid tissue is replaced by lymphocytes and fibrous tissue
- C.
Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins that causes overproduction thyroid hormones
- D.
Ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing a goiter
Correct Answer
C. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins that causes overproduction thyroid hormonesExplanation
The pathology of Graves disease indicates that normal regulatory mechanisms are overridden by abnormal immunologic mechanisms that result in the stimulation of excessive TH.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The signs of thyroid crisis resulting from Graves disease include:
- A.
Constipation with gastric distention
- B.
Bradycardia and bradypnea
- C.
Hyerthermia and tachycardia
- D.
Constipation and lethargy
Correct Answer
C. Hyerthermia and tachycardiaExplanation
The systemic symptoms of thyrotoxic crisis include hyperthermia and tachycardia; the remaining options are not associated with this disorder.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:
- A.
High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
- B.
High levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
- C.
Diminshed levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- D.
Diminshed levels of thyroid-binding globulin
Correct Answer
A. High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulinsExplanation
High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins are found in more than 95% of individuals experiencing Graves disease.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Feb 23, 2014Quiz Created by
Msnstudent
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