Soal Ujian Sosiologi Kelas Xii Online

Materialisme adalah paham yang selalu mengutamakan segala sesuatu berdasarkan materi. Paham ini menganggap bahwa kebahagiaan dan kepuasan hidup dapat dicapai melalui kepemilikan dan konsumsi benda-benda materi. Materialisme cenderung mengabaikan nilai-nilai spiritual dan menganggap bahwa keberhasilan seseorang dapat diukur dari seberapa banyak harta benda yang dimilikinya.

Cultural lag refers to a situation where there is a gap or delay between different parts of a culture. This can occur when certain aspects of a culture, such as technology or social norms, change at a faster rate than others. For example, advancements in technology may outpace the development of laws and regulations to govern their use. This can lead to conflicts and challenges as society tries to adapt to these changes. Therefore, cultural lag is the most appropriate explanation for the given question.

Institusionalisasi adalah proses terbentuknya suatu institusi atau lembaga. Proses ini melibatkan pembentukan struktur, aturan, dan norma-norma yang mengatur kegiatan dan hubungan di dalam institusi tersebut. Institusionalisasi juga melibatkan penerimaan dan pengakuan masyarakat terhadap institusi tersebut sebagai lembaga yang memiliki otoritas dan kekuasaan. Dengan demikian, institusionalisasi merupakan proses penting dalam pembentukan dan pemeliharaan institusi atau lembaga dalam masyarakat.

Perubahan kepadatan penduduk dan perubahan mata pencaharian adalah perubahan yang membawa pengaruh besar dalam masyarakat. Perubahan kepadatan penduduk dapat mempengaruhi infrastruktur, layanan publik, dan dinamika sosial dalam suatu wilayah. Sementara itu, perubahan mata pencaharian dapat mengubah struktur ekonomi dan pola hidup masyarakat.

The example given in the correct answer suggests that the presence of diverse cultures, races, and ideologies in the city of Bitung can be a driving force for social change. This is because when people from different backgrounds come together, their interactions and exchanges of ideas can lead to new perspectives, innovations, and shifts in societal norms and values. The diversity in culture, race, and ideology challenges traditional ways of thinking and promotes a more inclusive and progressive society.

The correct answer is 2), 4), dan 6). These factors contribute to the inhibition of social and cultural change in a society. A closed social stratification system (2) restricts social mobility and limits opportunities for change. Fear of destabilizing social and cultural integration (4) can lead to resistance against change. Conservatism in society (6) promotes traditional values and norms, which can hinder the acceptance of new ideas and practices.

The correct answer is globalisasi because it refers to the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas. The fact that many Chinese-made mobile phones are now freely available in mobile phone stores in Bitung City indicates the impact of globalisation, as these products are being traded and distributed across national borders.

The other options mentioned in the question are all efforts to preserve the national identity and unity of Indonesia. However, "Mempertajam perbedaan-perbedaan yang ada" means sharpening the existing differences, which goes against the idea of preserving national identity. Instead, it can lead to division and conflicts within the nation. Therefore, it is the correct answer as it is the only option that does not contribute to the prevention of the fading national identity of Indonesia.

The given answer, "Disintegrasi," is the most appropriate choice because it refers to the consequences of a change in society leading to regional upheaval, protests, demonstrations, juvenile delinquency, and crime. Disintegration implies a breakdown or fragmentation of social order and cohesion, which aligns with the mentioned consequences. Difusi, Sosial, Budaya, and Revolusi do not accurately capture the idea of societal breakdown and its associated consequences.

The correct answer is "Perubahan Revolusi." This is because a revolution refers to a sudden and drastic change in society, often accompanied by social unrest and a complete overhaul of existing systems and structures. Unlike other forms of social change, which may occur gradually or through planned interventions, a revolution represents a rapid and transformative shift in social, political, or economic conditions.

The given answer states that social changes are temporary, which contradicts the statement in the question that asks for an exception. The other options in the question provide characteristics of social change that are generally true, such as the continuous development of societies, the interconnectedness of social institutions, the potential for rapid social change leading to disorganization, and the fact that social change is not limited to material or spiritual aspects. Therefore, the exception is "perubahan sosial bersifat sementara" (social changes are temporary).

Hedonisme adalah paham yang meyakini bahwa kesenangan atau kenikmatan adalah tujuan utama dalam hidup dan bahwa tindakan manusia didorong oleh keinginan untuk mencapai kesenangan tersebut. Dalam pandangan hedonisme, kebahagiaan individu menjadi fokus utama, dan segala tindakan diarahkan untuk memaksimalkan kesenangan pribadi.

Pancasila is the correct answer because it is a set of principles that serve as the foundation of the Indonesian state. It includes beliefs in one God, a just and civilized society, unity, democracy, and social justice. These principles guide the Indonesian government in making decisions and policies, including in relation to globalization. Pancasila acts as a filter to ensure that globalization does not undermine Indonesia's national identity and values, allowing the country to selectively embrace aspects of globalization while protecting its cultural and social integrity.

The main function of religious institutions for their followers in determining the path of life is to provide direction and purpose in life. Religious institutions guide individuals in making decisions and choices, helping them understand their purpose and goals in life. They provide moral and ethical guidelines that shape their behavior and actions. While religious institutions may provide a sense of absolute truth, the main focus is on guiding individuals towards a meaningful and purposeful life.

Dari kenyataan yang diberikan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam agama terdapat unsur praktik keagamaan. Hal ini terlihat dari contoh-contoh yang diberikan, yaitu salat bagi umat Islam, kebaktian bagi umat Kristen, dan sembahyang di pura bagi umat Hindu Bali. Semua contoh ini adalah praktik-praktik keagamaan yang dilakukan oleh umat dalam menjalankan keyakinan dan ibadah mereka.

The correct answer is Universal Theory of Evolution. This theory suggests that societal development does not follow a fixed or predetermined path, but rather evolves and adapts in response to various factors and circumstances. It emphasizes that different societies can progress and evolve in different ways, with no universal pattern or sequence of stages.

Lembaga sosial umumnya memiliki lambang-lambang atau simbol-simbol yang mewakili identitas dan nilai-nilai yang dipegang oleh lembaga tersebut. Lambang atau simbol ini dapat digunakan untuk membedakan lembaga sosial dengan lembaga lainnya, serta untuk mengkomunikasikan pesan-pesan tertentu kepada masyarakat. Lambang atau simbol ini juga dapat memperkuat rasa kebersamaan dan identitas anggota lembaga sosial.

Soerjono Soekanto is the correct answer because he is known for his work in the field of sociology, particularly in Indonesia. He was one of the pioneers in studying social institutions and their role in society, which aligns with the concept of social institutions being referred to as social organizations. Therefore, it can be inferred that Soerjono Soekanto is the one who proposed the definition of social institutions as social organizations.

Ali's behavior of drinking excessively after school indicates personal disintegration. This means that Ali is experiencing a breakdown or fragmentation in his personal life, possibly due to various factors such as stress, peer pressure, or personal issues. This disintegration is reflected in his choice to engage in harmful behaviors, which can have negative consequences on his overall well-being and relationships.

The correct answer is "Sekolah sebgaia Basic Institution." Schools are considered basic institutions because they play a fundamental role in providing education to individuals. They serve as a foundation for learning and development, equipping students with essential knowledge and skills that are necessary for their personal and professional growth. Schools also contribute to the socialization process, teaching students values, norms, and behaviors that are important for maintaining order and harmony in society. Therefore, schools are crucial in maintaining and preserving social order in the community.

The sila-sila that are found in Pancasila are the crystallization of the values held by the Indonesian nation. This means that the sila-sila are the embodiment or representation of the core principles and beliefs that are important to the Indonesian people. They have been distilled and formed into a concise set of principles that guide the nation's ideology and governance.

The statement "manusia mampu memecahkan setiap persoalan yang dihadapi" does not indicate the importance of religion for human existence because it suggests that humans are capable of solving any problem they face without the need for religion. This contradicts the idea that religion can help overcome human limitations in problem-solving and suggests that humans do not require the guidance and support provided by religion in facing challenges.

The term "governments less" refers to the erosion of government authority or credibility. This means that the government's power and influence are diminishing, leading to a decrease in the trust and respect that people have for the government. This can be seen as a symptom of the declining national spirit in Indonesia, as the government's ability to effectively govern and inspire patriotism is weakening.

Akulturasi adalah proses penyebaran unsur-unsur kebudayaan dari satu individu ke individu lainnya. Dalam proses akulturasi, terjadi perpaduan dan penyerapan unsur-unsur kebudayaan antara kelompok yang berbeda. Hal ini dapat terjadi melalui interaksi sosial, perdagangan, migrasi, atau kolonisasi. Dalam konteks ini, akulturasi menggambarkan proses penyebaran kebudayaan yang melibatkan asimilasi dan perubahan budaya yang terjadi ketika kelompok masyarakat yang berbeda bertemu dan berinteraksi satu sama lain.

Regulative institutions are social organizations that aim to oversee and regulate the behavior and conduct within a society. These institutions establish rules, norms, and regulations that guide individuals' actions and ensure social order and stability. They play a crucial role in maintaining social control and ensuring that individuals adhere to societal norms and values. Examples of regulative institutions include law enforcement agencies, courts, and regulatory bodies.

Intensifikasi pertanian is the correct answer because it refers to the deliberate and planned changes made by agents of change in the agricultural sector. It involves increasing the productivity and efficiency of agricultural practices through the use of modern technology, improved irrigation systems, and the adoption of new farming techniques. This type of change is often initiated and implemented by government agencies, agricultural experts, and farmers themselves, with the aim of increasing food production and improving rural livelihoods.

The efficiency and effectiveness of political institutions in a democratic state lie in their ability to govern and regulate the sovereignty on behalf of the people. In a democracy, the power ultimately resides with the people, and political institutions are responsible for ensuring that this sovereignty is exercised in an organized and fair manner. They establish laws, regulations, and policies that uphold the rights and interests of the citizens, and work towards creating a system that represents and serves the people's will. By managing sovereignty on behalf of the people, political institutions contribute to the overall functioning and success of a democratic state.

The given example of the community in Kota Bitung initiating "home stay" as a side business due to the city being declared as a Mini-politan can be considered as a manifestation of social change. This is because the shift from being vegetable farmers to opening home stays reflects a change in the way people live and interact with each other. It signifies a transformation in the social structure and behavior of the community, indicating a social impact of the modernization process.

The correct answer is "Dekadensi". This is because the phrase "merosotnya nilai moral etika dan tata krama di kalangan remaja" suggests a decline in moral values, ethics, and manners among teenagers. "Dekadensi" refers to a state of moral or cultural decline, which aligns with the given context.

The correct answer is "Gambaran struktur sosial masyarakat" because it refers to the description of the social structure of a society, which is not a definition of a social institution. The other options all provide definitions or descriptions of social institutions, such as a system of norms to achieve important goals, a set of important norms, all norms that regulate various activities in society, and written/unwritten traditions that formulate goals, rules, etc.