Soal Materi Genetik
Soal ini bagian dari Bab Genetika kelas XII SMA/MA. Soal ini menguji kompetensi seputar DNA, RNA, dan kaitannya dengan sintesis protein.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Perhatikan gambar berikut! Berdasarkan letak sentromernya, bentuk kromosom submetasentris ditunjukkan oleh gambar … .
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
Tidak ada
Correct Answer
C. CExplanation
The correct answer is C. The question is asking about the shape of a submetacentric chromosome based on the location of its centromere. A submetacentric chromosome has a centromere that is slightly off-center, causing one arm to be shorter than the other. In the given options, only option C shows a submetacentric chromosome shape, where one arm is shorter than the other. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Molekul-molekul basa nitrogen yang menyusun molekul RNA selalu berpasangan. Pasangan-pasangan basa Nitrogen RNA yang benar adalah … .
- A.
Adenin – timin, sitosin – guanin
- B.
Adenin – guanin, sitosin – timin
- C.
Adenin – sitosin, timin – guanin
- D.
Adenin – urasil, sitosin – guanin
- E.
Adenin – guanin, sitosin – urasil
Correct Answer
D. Adenin – urasil, sitosin – guaninExplanation
The correct answer is adenin - urasil, sitosin - guanin. In RNA, adenine pairs with uracil and cytosine pairs with guanine. This is known as complementary base pairing. Adenine and uracil form a hydrogen bond with two bonds, while cytosine and guanine form a hydrogen bond with three bonds. This base pairing is important for the structure and function of RNA molecules, as it allows for the formation of the double-stranded regions necessary for RNA folding and interaction with other molecules.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Bila DNA yang mengkode sintesis protein adalah: TAC CGA TTC AGA TCA Maka antikodon-nya adalah … .
- A.
AUG GUG SSA GAA SUA
- B.
AUG GCU AAG UCU AGU
- C.
CUA GGA GUG CCA AUG
- D.
UAC GGU CAC CUU GAU
- E.
UAC CGA UUC AGA UCA
Correct Answer
E. UAC CGA UUC AGA UCAExplanation
The given DNA sequence is TAC CGA TTC AGA TCA. To find the corresponding anticodon, we need to match the bases in the DNA sequence with their complementary bases in the anticodon. The complementary bases for DNA are A-T and C-G. So, the anticodon for the given DNA sequence would be UAC CGA UUC AGA UCA.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Berikut ini tahapan sintesa protein Y :
- ARNt membawa asam amino yang sesuai dengan kodon.
- asam amino tersusun berderet-deret sesuai dengan kodon.
- ARNd meninggalkan inti menuju ribosom.
- ADN membentuk ARN duta.
- ARNt bergabung dengan ARNd di ribosom.
- A.
1-2-3-4-5
- B.
2-3-4-5-1
- C.
3-2-1-5-4
- D.
4-3-1-5-2
- E.
4-3-2-1-5
Correct Answer
D. 4-3-1-5-2Explanation
The correct sequence of protein synthesis is as follows:
1. DNA forms mRNA (transcription)
2. tRNA carries the corresponding amino acid to the codon
3. Amino acids are joined together in sequence according to the codons
4. mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome
5. tRNA joins with mRNA at the ribosome
Therefore, the correct sequence is 4-3-1-5-2.Rate this question:
- 5.
Perhatikan gambar berikut! Tokoh di atas adalah pencetus model struktur DNA yang bernama ... .
- A.
Krebs
- B.
Watson
- C.
Mendel
- D.
Charles Darwin
- E.
Aristoteles
Correct Answer
B. WatsonExplanation
The figure shown in the question is of James Watson, who is one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA along with Francis Crick. Therefore, the correct answer is Watson.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Dalam proses sintesis protein, urutan basa yang selalu menjadi kodon awal dan kodon akhir pada RNAd atau mRNA adalah ... .
- A.
AUG dan UAG, UGA, UAA
- B.
UAG dan AUG, UGA, UAA
- C.
UAA dan AUG, UGA, UAG
- D.
AAU dan UGA, GUA, UUA
- E.
AUG dan CAU, CGA, UGA
Correct Answer
A. AUG dan UAG, UGA, UAAExplanation
In the process of protein synthesis, the sequence of bases that always serves as the start codon and stop codons on RNA or mRNA are AUG and UAG, UGA, UAA. The start codon AUG signals the beginning of protein synthesis, while the stop codons UAG, UGA, and UAA signal the termination of protein synthesis. These codons are recognized by specific molecules called tRNA, which carry the corresponding amino acids to the growing protein chain.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Perhatikan tabel asam amino berikut! Kodon Asam amino CUA Leusin AUG Metionin GUG Valin CCA Prolin CAU Serin GAA Glutamat Berdasarkan tabel, dari sepotong molekul DNA yang sedang melakukan transkripsi berikut ini, maka urutan asam amino yang disintesis adalah ... . DNA sense : TAC GTA CTT GAT CAC AGG GGT
- A.
Metionin – serin – glutamate – leusin – valin – prolin
- B.
Leusin – valin – prolin – serin - leusin – metionin
- C.
Prolin – glutamate – leusin – serin - valin – histidin
- D.
Metionin – serin – leusin – glutamate - valin – prolin
- E.
Metionin – leusin – glutamate – serin - valin – prolin
Correct Answer
A. Metionin – serin – glutamate – leusin – valin – prolinExplanation
Based on the given table, the codon TAC corresponds to the amino acid Methionine, the codon GTA corresponds to the amino acid Serine, the codon CTT corresponds to the amino acid Glutamate, the codon GAT corresponds to the amino acid Leucine, the codon CAC corresponds to the amino acid Valine, and the codon AGG corresponds to the amino acid Proline. Therefore, the correct sequence of amino acids synthesized from the given DNA sequence is Metionin – serin – glutamate – leusin – valin – prolin.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Perhatikan gambar kariogram manusia berikut! Berdasarkan kariogram yang tersusun acak tersebut, kariotipe-nya adalah ... .
- A.
22 pasang autosom + XX
- B.
23 pasang autosom + XX
- C.
22 pasang autosom + XY
- D.
23 pasang autosom + XY
- E.
24 pasang gonosom + XY
Correct Answer
C. 22 pasang autosom + XYExplanation
Based on the given karyogram, we can see that there are 22 pairs of autosomes, which represent non-sex chromosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes, XY. This karyotype is typical for a human male, as males have one X and one Y chromosome. Therefore, the correct answer is 22 pasang autosom + XY.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Perhatikan gambar! Nomor 2 dan 3 menunjukkan ... .
- A.
Histon dan nukleolus
- B.
Ribosom dan mRNA
- C.
Histon dan nukleosom
- D.
Histon dan mRNA
- E.
Ribosom dan nukleosida
Correct Answer
C. Histon dan nukleosomExplanation
The correct answer is histon dan nukleosom. Histon is a protein that helps in organizing and condensing DNA into a structure called chromatin. Nukleosom is a basic unit of chromatin, consisting of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins. Therefore, options 1, 2, 4, and 5 are incorrect as they do not represent the correct relationship between histon and nukleosom.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Enzim yang berfungsi untuk menggabungkan deoksiribo nukleosida trifosfat saat replikasi DNA adalah ... .
- A.
Helikase
- B.
Polimerase
- C.
Ligase
- D.
Primase
- E.
Protease
Correct Answer
B. PolimeraseExplanation
The correct answer is polimerase. Polimerase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in DNA replication by catalyzing the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides to form a new DNA strand. It is responsible for joining individual deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) together to form a complementary strand of DNA during replication. This process ensures the accurate duplication of the genetic material.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 05, 2012Quiz Created by
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