Security + Practice Exam 3

Explanation
PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) and S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) are the two most common methods of email encryption. PGP is a widely used encryption program that uses a combination of symmetric-key and public-key cryptography to secure email communications. It provides confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of messages. S/MIME, on the other hand, is a protocol that uses digital certificates to encrypt and sign email messages. It is supported by many email clients and provides end-to-end encryption, ensuring that only the intended recipient can read the message. Both PGP and S/MIME are widely used in the industry to protect the privacy and security of email communications.

Explanation
Public Key encryption uses a pair of keys, namely a public key and a private key. The public key is used for encryption, while the private key is used for decryption. Therefore, only one key is used in Public Key encryption, which is the correct answer.

Explanation
A SuperDLT tape is expected to hold 1.2 TB of uncompressed data. This indicates that the tape has a large storage capacity, allowing for the storage of a significant amount of data without compression.

Explanation
Host-Based IDS is more ambitious and informative compared to other IDS options listed. Host-Based IDS monitors and analyzes activities and events on a single host or system. It provides detailed information about the activities happening on the host, including user activities, file changes, network connections, and system logs. This level of monitoring and analysis allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the host's security posture and potential threats, making it a more ambitious and informative IDS option.

Explanation
Yahoo uses ports 5010 and 5050. These ports are commonly used for various services such as file sharing, chat, and instant messaging. By using these ports, Yahoo ensures secure and efficient communication between its servers and clients.

Explanation
AIM (AOL Instant Messenger) and ICQ (I seek you) both use port number 5190. This port is commonly used for instant messaging protocols, allowing users to send and receive messages in real-time. By using the same port number, AIM and ICQ can establish a connection and communicate with their respective servers and other users on the network.

Explanation
The three most common types of firewalls are Proxy, Stateful-inspection, and Packet-Filtering. A Proxy firewall acts as an intermediary between the user and the internet, filtering and forwarding network traffic. Stateful-inspection firewalls monitor the state of network connections and only allow packets that are part of an established connection. Packet-Filtering firewalls examine the header information of each packet and determine whether to allow or block it based on predefined rules.

Explanation
A proxy server can function as a firewall by acting as an intermediary between a user's device and the internet, filtering and blocking potentially harmful or unauthorized requests. On the other hand, a router can also function as a firewall by using network address translation (NAT) to hide the IP addresses of devices on a local network, making them less vulnerable to external threats. Therefore, both a proxy and a router have the capability to function as firewalls.

Explanation
Jim would secure the VPN using IPsec. IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) is a protocol suite that provides secure communication over IP networks. It authenticates and encrypts the data packets sent over the network, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. By using IPsec, Jim can establish a secure connection between his main site and the satellite office, mitigating the security risk involved in not having a direct point to point connection.

Explanation
Trojan Horse and Worm are two types of viruses commonly transferred by email. A Trojan Horse is a malicious program that disguises itself as a legitimate file or software, tricking the user into downloading and installing it. Once installed, it can perform various harmful actions, such as stealing sensitive information or allowing unauthorized access to the system. On the other hand, a Worm is a self-replicating program that spreads through computer networks, including email attachments. It can replicate itself and spread to other computers without any user intervention, causing damage to the infected systems.

Explanation
RADIUS stands for Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service, which is a networking protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting management for users who connect and access a network remotely. It is commonly used in internet service providers and enterprise networks to authenticate users and control their access to resources. Therefore, the statement "RADIUS stands for Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service" is true.

Explanation
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) is a protocol used for authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) for network access. It uses UDP port 1812 for authentication and authorization requests, and UDP port 1813 for accounting. Therefore, the correct answer is 1812.

Explanation
Kerberos is a network authentication protocol that uses port 88. It is commonly used in Windows Active Directory environments for secure authentication between clients and servers. Port 88 is specifically designated for Kerberos traffic, allowing the protocol to function properly and securely.

Explanation
The correct answer is Brute force attack and Port Scan. These two types of attacks, Brute force attack and Port Scan, are not considered social engineering. Social engineering refers to manipulating people into revealing sensitive information or performing actions that may compromise security. In contrast, Brute force attack involves systematically trying all possible combinations of passwords or encryption keys to gain unauthorized access, while Port Scan is the process of scanning a computer or network to identify open ports and vulnerabilities. Both of these attacks rely on technical methods rather than manipulating individuals.

Explanation
Asymmetric encryption uses two keys, a public key and a private key. The public key is used to encrypt the data, while the private key is used to decrypt it. This two-key system ensures that only the intended recipient can decrypt the data, providing a higher level of security compared to symmetric encryption which uses only one key for both encryption and decryption.

Explanation
The correct answer is PTPP and L2TP. PTPP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) is a widely used protocol that allows the creation of virtual private networks (VPNs) and facilitates secure data transmission over the internet. L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) is another commonly used protocol that provides a secure way to transmit data between remote locations. Both protocols are essential in establishing and maintaining secure VPN connections.

Explanation
The most effective method of preventing Social Engineer security breaches is to educate all users about the risks and techniques used by social engineers. By providing training and awareness programs, users can become more vigilant and better equipped to identify and respond to social engineering attempts. Additionally, regularly updating and posting new security bulletins helps to keep users informed about the latest threats and vulnerabilities, enabling them to take appropriate actions to protect themselves and the organization's data.

Explanation
Cellular phones do not use RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) for encryption. RSA is a widely used asymmetric encryption algorithm, but it is not typically used in cellular phone communication. Instead, cellular phones commonly use other encryption methods such as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to ensure the security and privacy of data transmitted over cellular networks.

Explanation
Hashing is a cryptographic algorithm used to secure an encryption. It takes an input (message) and produces a fixed-size string of characters, known as a hash value or digest. The hash value is unique to the input, and even a small change in the input will produce a completely different hash value. This makes it useful for verifying the integrity of data and ensuring that encrypted information has not been tampered with. Hashing is commonly used in various encryption protocols and algorithms to enhance security.

Explanation
To implement DAC (Discretionary Access Control), ACL (Access Control List) is needed. ACL is a set of rules that determines the permissions and restrictions for accessing resources or performing actions in a system. It specifies who can access the resources and what operations they can perform. By configuring ACL, the system can enforce the desired access control policies and ensure that only authorized users have access to the resources. Therefore, ACL is essential for implementing DAC.

Explanation
NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used for distributing, retrieving, and posting news articles in Usenet newsgroups. It operates on port 119, which is the standard port for NNTP communication. This port is specifically designated for NNTP traffic, allowing servers and clients to communicate and exchange news articles efficiently. Therefore, the correct answer is 119.

Explanation
DNS (Domain Name System) uses port 53. DNS is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites and other online services using human-readable names instead of numerical IP addresses. Port 53 is specifically designated for DNS communication, ensuring that DNS queries and responses are properly routed between client devices and DNS servers. By using port 53, DNS can efficiently and reliably facilitate the translation of domain names to their corresponding IP addresses, enabling seamless internet connectivity.

Explanation
Telnet is a protocol used for remote login and command execution on a remote computer. It allows users to access and manage remote systems over a network. Telnet uses port 23 as the default port for communication. Therefore, the correct answer is 23.

Explanation
Asymmetric encryption involves the use of a public and private key pair. The hash of the pass phrase is used to generate the private key. The pass phrase is a secret value known only to the user, and it is used to derive the private key through a hash function. This ensures that the private key remains secure and cannot be easily guessed or accessed by unauthorized individuals. By hashing the pass phrase, a unique and fixed-length string is generated, which is then used to generate the private key for the asymmetric encryption process.

Explanation
CHAP (Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol) uses one-way hashing functions. One-way hashing functions are designed to be irreversible, meaning that once data is hashed, it cannot be easily converted back to its original form. In the case of CHAP, these one-way hashing functions are used to securely authenticate users by creating a unique hash value from their passwords. This hash value is then compared to the stored hash value to verify the user's identity.

Explanation
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is a secure version of HTTP that uses encryption to protect sensitive data during transmission. It is commonly used for secure communication over the internet, such as online banking and e-commerce websites. The port number 443 is the standard port for HTTPS communication. This means that when a client communicates with a server using HTTPS, the data is transmitted through port 443 to ensure secure and encrypted communication between the client and the server.