Physics Final Review
Physics Final Review
- 1.
Heat sterilization is not recommended for diagnostic transducers because:
- A.
The epoxy in the backing will melt
- B.
Moisture will cause the electrical wiring to short
- C.
The housing may be damaged
- D.
The piezoelectric properties will be lost
- E.
Apodization will occur
Correct Answer
D. The piezoelectric properties will be lost -
- 2.
Half-value is equal to an intensity reduction of:
- A.
3 dB
- B.
50 dB
- C.
10 dB
- D.
25 dB
- E.
6 dB
Correct Answer
A. 3 dB -
- 3.
A disadvantage to power Doppler imaging is:
- A.
Decreased Doppler shifts
- B.
Low pulse repetition frequency
- C.
Decreased sensitivity
- D.
Inability to demonstrate flow direction
- E.
Decreased ramge resolution
Correct Answer
D. Inability to demonstrate flow direction -
- 4.
Which of the following intensities is greatest across the sound beam?
- A.
Temporal average
- B.
Spatial peak
- C.
Spatial average
- D.
Temporal peak
- E.
Pulse peak
Correct Answer
B. Spatial peak -
- 5.
The knee of a time gain compensation curve represents the:
- A.
Deepest region attenuation compensation can occur
- B.
Region of depth compensation availability
- C.
Area of maximum amplification
- D.
Depth at which variable compensation begins
- E.
Area of minimum amplification
Correct Answer
A. Deepest region attenuation compensation can occur -
- 6.
Washing hands before and after an examination are examples of:
- A.
Isolation techniques
- B.
OSHA standards
- C.
Respiratory isolation
- D.
Standard precautions
- E.
Reverse isolation
Correct Answer
D. Standard precautions -
- 7.
Axial resolution directly relates to the:
- A.
Number of cycles in a pulse
- B.
Operating frequency
- C.
Spatial pulse length
- D.
Beam diameter
- E.
Penetration depth
Correct Answer
B. Operating frequency -
- 8.
Which of the following are types of cavitation?
- A.
Mechanical and thermal
- B.
In vivo and in vitro
- C.
Stable and thermal
- D.
Transient and stable
- E.
Spatial and transient
Correct Answer
D. Transient and stable -
- 9.
Absorption of the sound beam is highest in:
- A.
Fluids soft tissue
- B.
Muscle
- C.
Air
- D.
Bone
Correct Answer
D. Bone -
- 10.
The number of correct test results divided by the total number of test defines:
- A.
Accuracy
- B.
Sensitivity
- C.
Registration accuracy
- D.
Specificity
- E.
Positive predictive value
Correct Answer
A. Accuracy -
- 11.
Which of the following best describes apodization?
- A.
Focusing the sound beam
- B.
Irregular excitation of the elements in an array to reduce grating lobes
- C.
Creation of a new sound wave with greater amplitude than the original wave
- D.
Scattering of the sound beam distal to the focal point
- E.
Widening of the sound beam in the near zone
Correct Answer
B. Irregular excitation of the elements in an array to reduce grating lobes -
- 12.
The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) 100 test object cannot evaluate:
- A.
Vertical calibration
- B.
Axial resolution
- C.
Compression
- D.
System performance
- E.
Dead zone
Correct Answer
C. Compression -
- 13.
The minimum number of samples required to avoid aliasing is termed:
- A.
Reynolds number
- B.
Pulse repetition frequency
- C.
Huygens principle
- D.
Nyquist limit
- E.
Range ambiguity
Correct Answer
D. Nyquist limit -
- 14.
Subdicing the elements in diagnostic ultrasound transducers is used to:
- A.
Increase the near-zone length
- B.
Narrow the bandwidth
- C.
Decrease operating frequency
- D.
Increase temporal resolution
- E.
Reduce grating lobes
Correct Answer
E. Reduce grating lobes -
- 15.
Which of the following is an advantage of subdicing?
- A.
Increase in penetration depth
- B.
Reduction of side lobes
- C.
Reduction of grating lobes
- D.
Increase in temporal resolution
- E.
Increase the frame rate
Correct Answer
C. Reduction of grating lobes -
- 16.
If the frequency is increased, pulse duration will:
- A.
Increase
- B.
Remain unchanged
- C.
Double
- D.
Decrease by one half
- E.
Decrease
Correct Answer
E. Decrease -
- 17.
An active element with a thickness of 0.8 mm and a propagation speed of 4mm/us will have an operating frequency of:
- A.
3.5 MHz
- B.
4.0 MHz
- C.
5.0 MHz
- D.
2.5 MHz
- E.
7.5 MHz
Correct Answer
D. 2.5 MHz -
- 18.
Color Doppler frequency shifts are obtained using:
- A.
Fast Fourier transfer
- B.
Autocorrelation
- C.
Scan converter
- D.
Pulser
- E.
Beam profiler
Correct Answer
B. Autocorrelation -
- 19.
Which of the following testing devices can stimulate pulsatile or retrograde flow?
- A.
Moving string phantom
- B.
Hydrophone
- C.
AIUM 100 test object
- D.
Beam profiler
- E.
Tissue-mimicking phantom
Correct Answer
A. Moving string phantom -
- 20.
Cleaning of transducer should be performed:
- A.
Weekly
- B.
Monthly
- C.
Hourly
- D.
After each patient
- E.
Daily
Correct Answer
D. After each patient -
- 21.
Vector array is a type of transducer:
- A.
Frequency
- B.
Composition
- C.
Assembly
- D.
Construction
- E.
Operation
Correct Answer
E. Operation -
- 22.
Preventive maintenance service is generally completed:
- A.
Annually
- B.
Once a month
- C.
One a week
- D.
Biannually
- E.
One a day
Correct Answer
D. Biannually -
- 23.
Which of the following formulas determines the impedance of a medium?
- A.
Propagation speed of the medium multiplied by the round-trip time
- B.
Density of the medium multiplied by the attenuation coefficient
- C.
Attenuation multiplied by the propagation speed of the medium
- D.
Density of the medium multiplied by the propagation speed of the medium
- E.
Number of pulses in a cycle multiplied by the operating frequency
Correct Answer
D. Density of the medium multiplied by the propagation speed of the medium -
- 24.
Which of the following is a post processing feature?
- A.
Write zoom
- B.
Persistence
- C.
Dynamic range
- D.
3-D acquisition
- E.
Cine loop
Correct Answer
E. Cine loop -
- 25.
Snell’s law determines the amount of:
- A.
Transmission through a medium
- B.
Reflection at an interface
- C.
Refraction at an interface
- D.
Intensity at the spatial peak
- E.
Scattering distal to a dense medium
Correct Answer
C. Refraction at an interface -
- 26.
Bending of a transmitting sound beam once it passes through one medium to another describes:
- A.
Refraction
- B.
Reflection
- C.
Harmonics
- D.
Scattering
- E.
Reverberation
Correct Answer
A. Refraction -
- 27.
Which of the following is an auscultatory consequence of turbulent flow?
- A.
Disturbed flow
- B.
Bruit
- C.
Stenosis
- D.
Velocity increase
- E.
High resistance
Correct Answer
B. Bruit -
- 28.
Enhancement of echo reflections occur distal to a:
- A.
Weakly attenuating structure
- B.
Structure of high impedance
- C.
Strongly reflecting structure
- D.
Strongly attenuating structure
- E.
Nonspecular reflector
Correct Answer
A. Weakly attenuating structure -
- 29.
The binary number 0110010 corresponds to a decimal number of:
- A.
100
- B.
25
- C.
36
- D.
74
- E.
50
Correct Answer
E. 50 -
- 30.
If the received and transmitted frequencies are identical, which of the following will occur?
- A.
Proportional Doppler shift
- B.
Ambiguous Doppler shift
- C.
No Doppler shift
- D.
Negative Doppler shift
Correct Answer
C. No Doppler shift -
- 31.
Propagation speed through a medium is determined by the:
- A.
Density and stiffness of the medium
- B.
Impedance difference between the media
- C.
Intensity and amplitude of the wave
- D.
Pulse repetition period
- E.
Compressions and rarefactions in the sound beam
Correct Answer
A. Density and stiffness of the medium -
- 32.
If the line density is increased which of the following is most likely to occur?
- A.
Spatial resolution will decrease
- B.
Frame rate will decrease
- C.
Pulse repetition frequency will decrease
- D.
Field of view will increase
- E.
Temporal resolution will increase
Correct Answer
B. Frame rate will decrease -
- 33.
All of the following statement correctly describe m-mode EXCEPT:
- A.
Obstetrical imaging commonly utilizes M-mode imaging
- B.
Motion of the reflector is represented on the vertical axis
- C.
Time is represented on the x-axis
- D.
M-mode is a one dimensional display
- E.
M-mode is a qualitative series of brightness mode pixels
Correct Answer
E. M-mode is a qualitative series of brightness mode pixels -
- 34.
Scan lines area aimed in a variety of pathways when utilizing:
- A.
Three-dimensional imaging
- B.
Spatial compounding
- C.
Pulse inversion
- D.
Pixel interpolation
- E.
4D imaging
Correct Answer
B. Spatial compounding -
- 35.
Power is defined as:
- A.
Energy between two points
- B.
Amount of force over a specific area
- C.
Rate of motion with respect to time
- D.
Rate at which work is performed
- E.
Resistance to acceleration
Correct Answer
D. Rate at which work is performed -
- 36.
Which of the following units measures the attenuation of sound in soft tissue
- A.
MW cm sq
- B.
DB
- C.
DB/cm
- D.
Rayls
- E.
Us
Correct Answer
B. DB -
- 37.
Which of the following color modes calculates the mean velocities with the colors placed side to side?
- A.
Saturation mode
- B.
Hue mode
- C.
Variance mode
- D.
Velocity
- E.
Primary mode
Correct Answer
C. Variance mode -
- 38.
What is the term used to describe a picture element?
- A.
Bit
- B.
Byte
- C.
Frame
- D.
Pixel
- E.
Matrix
Correct Answer
D. Pixel -
- 39.
The Doppler shift is inversely related to the:
- A.
Blood velocity
- B.
Doppler angle
- C.
Angle of incidence
- D.
Propagation speed of the medium
- E.
Operating frequency
Correct Answer
D. Propagation speed of the medium -
- 40.
In which of the following media does sound propagate the fastest?
- A.
Bone
- B.
Air
- C.
Fat
- D.
Soft tissue
- E.
Muscle
Correct Answer
A. Bone -
- 41.
Pulse wave Doppler uses a maximum of:
- A.
30 cycles per pulse
- B.
5 cycles per pulse
- C.
20 cycles per pulse
- D.
10 cycles per pulse
- E.
15 cycles per pulse
Correct Answer
A. 30 cycles per pulse -
- 42.
The purpose of backing material in the transducer assembly is to:
- A.
Increase the pulse duration
- B.
Reduce the number of cycles in a pulse
- C.
Decrease the band width
- D.
Increase the spatial pulse length
- E.
Protect the components from moisture
Correct Answer
B. Reduce the number of cycles in a pulse -
- 43.
Direction of the incident beam with respect to the media boundary is termed the:
- A.
Transmission angle
- B.
Attenuation angle
- C.
Specular angle
- D.
Reflection angle
- E.
Propagating angle
Correct Answer
D. Reflection angle -
- 44.
Utilizing a high pulse repetition frequency result in a:
- A.
Decrease in frame rate
- B.
Decrease in maximum penetration depth
- C.
Decrease the number of scan lines
- D.
Slow return of echo reflections
- E.
Decrease in pulse repetition period
Correct Answer
B. Decrease in maximum penetration depth -
- 45.
Which of the following decreases the likelihood of range ambiguity artifact?
- A.
Decreasing the receiver gain
- B.
Decreasing the operating frequency
- C.
Decreasing the pulse repetition frequency
- D.
Increasing the overall output
- E.
Perpendicular incidence
Correct Answer
C. Decreasing the pulse repetition frequency -
- 46.
The width of the sound beam determines the:
- A.
Axial resolution
- B.
Dead zone
- C.
Contrast resolution
- D.
Penetration depth
- E.
Lateral resolution
Correct Answer
E. Lateral resolution -
- 47.
Reducing the impedance difference between the crystal and the skin is the primary function of which of the following transducer components?
- A.
Aqueous gel
- B.
Beam former
- C.
Backing layer
- D.
Matching layer
- E.
Damping layer
Correct Answer
D. Matching layer -
- 48.
The resonant frequency of a pulse wave is determined by the:
- A.
Electrical frequency of the ultrasound system
- B.
Output power of the ultrasound system
- C.
Diameter of the beam
- D.
Thickness and propagation speed of the element
- E.
Impedance of the matching layer
Correct Answer
D. Thickness and propagation speed of the element -
- 49.
Under sampling of the Doppler shift will most likely produce:
- A.
Aliasing
- B.
Spectral broadening
- C.
Spectral bruit
- D.
Spectral noise
- E.
Flash artifact
Correct Answer
A. Aliasing -
- 50.
The distance from the face of a focused transducer to the point of spatial peak intensity is termed the:
- A.
Pulse repetition period
- B.
Pulse duration
- C.
Focal length
- D.
Focal region
- E.
Spatial pulse length
Correct Answer
C. Focal length -
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Current Version
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Feb 22, 2013Quiz Edited by
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Sep 13, 2012Quiz Created by
Pickles44
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