Pharm Chapter 38; Drugs For Allergic Rhinitis and The Common Cold

1. Histamine causes allergy symptoms

True

False

Histamine is a chemical released by the immune system in response to an allergen. It is responsible for triggering allergy symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. When histamine is released, it binds to specific receptors in the body, leading to inflammation and the characteristic allergic reactions. Therefore, it is correct to say that histamine causes allergy symptoms.

Explanation

Histamine is a chemical released by the immune system in response to an allergen. It is responsible for triggering allergy symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. When histamine is released, it binds to specific receptors in the body, leading to inflammation and the characteristic allergic reactions. Therefore, it is correct to say that histamine causes allergy symptoms.

2. Common colds and allergies create coughs but Antitussives are effective at relieving cough

True

False

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Explanation

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3. the mucolytic Acetylcysteine(mucomyst, acetadote) is effective for cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, or other diseases producing thick mucus

True

False

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Explanation

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4. Which answer is NOT true about allergic rhinitis

Caused by GI infections

Inflamation of nasal mucosa

Characterized by sneezing, watery eyes and congestion

Caused by exposure to allergen

Cuases histamine release

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

5. Which drugs are nonopiod antitussives?

Codiene

Dextromethophan(delsym, robitussin)

Hydroconone

Homatropine(hycodan)

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Explanation

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6. For fluticasone(flonase, veramyst), spray once in each nostril for varamyst or twice in each nostril for flonase daily

True

False

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Explanation

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7. non opioids are used for severe cough and opioids are used for mild or moderate cough

True

False

Opioids used for severe cough
Nonopioids used for mild or moderate cough

Explanation

Opioids used for severe cough
Nonopioids used for mild or moderate cough

8. Pt teaching for antihystamine therapy includes

Older adults and children should not use

Use with extreme caution in clients with asthma or COPD, cardiovascular disease and hyperthyroidism

Give babies half a spray in the eyes

The correct answer suggests that antihistamine therapy should be used with extreme caution in clients who have asthma or COPD, cardiovascular disease, and hyperthyroidism. This is because antihistamines can potentially worsen the symptoms of these conditions or interact with medications used to treat them. Therefore, healthcare providers need to carefully consider the risks and benefits of using antihistamines in these individuals and closely monitor their response to the therapy. The answer does not provide any information about teaching for older adults, children, or giving babies half a spray in the eyes, so it is not relevant to the explanation.

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that antihistamine therapy should be used with extreme caution in clients who have asthma or COPD, cardiovascular disease, and hyperthyroidism. This is because antihistamines can potentially worsen the symptoms of these conditions or interact with medications used to treat them. Therefore, healthcare providers need to carefully consider the risks and benefits of using antihistamines in these individuals and closely monitor their response to the therapy. The answer does not provide any information about teaching for older adults, children, or giving babies half a spray in the eyes, so it is not relevant to the explanation.

9. The prototype drug: fluticasone (Flonase) is an Intranasal Glucocorticoids. what else is correct

Decreases local inflammation in nasal passages, thus reducing nasal stuffiness

Should not be used to treat seasonal allergic rhinitis

Nasal irritation epistaxis are side effects

Fluticasone (Flonase) is classified as an Intranasal Glucocorticoid, which means it works by decreasing local inflammation in the nasal passages. This action helps to reduce nasal stuffiness. However, it is important to note that nasal irritation and epistaxis (nosebleeds) are potential side effects of using this drug. Therefore, the correct answer states that fluticasone decreases local inflammation in the nasal passages, reducing nasal stuffiness, while also mentioning the side effects of nasal irritation and epistaxis.

Explanation

Fluticasone (Flonase) is classified as an Intranasal Glucocorticoid, which means it works by decreasing local inflammation in the nasal passages. This action helps to reduce nasal stuffiness. However, it is important to note that nasal irritation and epistaxis (nosebleeds) are potential side effects of using this drug. Therefore, the correct answer states that fluticasone decreases local inflammation in the nasal passages, reducing nasal stuffiness, while also mentioning the side effects of nasal irritation and epistaxis.

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10. The expectorant Guaifenesin(Mucinex, robitussin) is ineffective in treating dry, non productive cough

True

False

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Explanation

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11. What do you know about histamine

It is a narcotic substance

Is a chemical mediator of inflamitory response

Histamine1 is found in smooth muscle of the vascular system and bronchial tree

Prevents symptoms of allergic rhinitis

H2 is found in stomach and is responsible for peptic ulcers

Histamine is a chemical mediator of the inflammatory response, meaning it plays a role in the body's immune response to injury or infection. Histamine1 is found in the smooth muscle of the vascular system and bronchial tree, where it helps regulate blood vessel dilation and bronchoconstriction. On the other hand, histamine2 is found in the stomach and is responsible for the production of stomach acid, which can lead to the development of peptic ulcers.

Explanation

Histamine is a chemical mediator of the inflammatory response, meaning it plays a role in the body's immune response to injury or infection. Histamine1 is found in the smooth muscle of the vascular system and bronchial tree, where it helps regulate blood vessel dilation and bronchoconstriction. On the other hand, histamine2 is found in the stomach and is responsible for the production of stomach acid, which can lead to the development of peptic ulcers.

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12. Which answers show exellent understanding of intranal preparations

More efficacious than other preparations

Limmit use to 3-5 days to avoid rebound congestion

Have local effect within minutes

Have many systemic effects

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Explanation

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13. Oral Preparation Decongestants

Have fewer systemic effects than nasal preparations

Have slower response time than nasal preps

More effective than nasal preps in relieving severe congestion

Often combined with antihistamine preparations

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Explanation

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14. Fexofenadine (Allegra)

Is a histamine (H1) receptor blocker (2nd generation)

Reduces severity of nasal congestion, sneezing, tearing of eyes

Most effective when taken after symptoms develop

Has less drowsiness than 1st generations

Headache and upset stomach are adverse effects

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Explanation

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15. •Prototype drug: diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Is a histamine receptor blocker

Used to treat minor symptoms of allergies and common cold

Adverse effect include drowsiness, occasionally cns stimulation and exitability

Could cause anticholergenic effects and photosensitivity

Prototype drug: diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Mechanism of action: histamine (H1) receptor blocker (1st generation)
Primary use: to treat minor symptoms of allergy and common cold

Explanation

Prototype drug: diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Mechanism of action: histamine (H1) receptor blocker (1st generation)
Primary use: to treat minor symptoms of allergy and common cold

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16. Patients Receiving Symptomatic Cold Relief

Use decongestant nasal spray first followed in five to ten minutes by the glucocorticoid.

Assess for adverse effects of dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, headache, epistaxis

Use with caution in clients with history of GI disorders

The correct answer suggests that when treating patients with symptomatic cold relief, it is recommended to use a decongestant nasal spray first, followed by a glucocorticoid after five to ten minutes. The answer also emphasizes the importance of assessing for adverse effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, headache, and epistaxis. Additionally, it advises caution when using these medications in patients with a history of gastrointestinal disorders.

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that when treating patients with symptomatic cold relief, it is recommended to use a decongestant nasal spray first, followed by a glucocorticoid after five to ten minutes. The answer also emphasizes the importance of assessing for adverse effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, headache, and epistaxis. Additionally, it advises caution when using these medications in patients with a history of gastrointestinal disorders.

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17. •Prototype drug: oxymetazoline (Afrin)

Is a decongestant

Causes arterioles in nasal passages to constrict

Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in sympathetic nervous system

Dries mucous membranes

Pt with thyroid disorders, htn, diabetes and heart disease should only use if directed by doctor

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Explanation

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18. Which drugs are opiod antitussives?

Codiene

Dextromethophan(delsym, robitussin)

Hydroconone

Homatropine(hycodan)

The drugs codeine, hydrocodone, and homatropine (Hycodan) are all opioid antitussives. Opioid antitussives are medications that suppress or relieve coughing by acting on the cough reflex in the brain. Codeine and hydrocodone are commonly used to treat coughs, while homatropine (Hycodan) is often used in combination with hydrocodone to provide additional antitussive effects. These drugs work by reducing the sensitivity of the cough reflex, helping to alleviate cough symptoms.

Explanation

The drugs codeine, hydrocodone, and homatropine (Hycodan) are all opioid antitussives. Opioid antitussives are medications that suppress or relieve coughing by acting on the cough reflex in the brain. Codeine and hydrocodone are commonly used to treat coughs, while homatropine (Hycodan) is often used in combination with hydrocodone to provide additional antitussive effects. These drugs work by reducing the sensitivity of the cough reflex, helping to alleviate cough symptoms.

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