Decks of punch cards
Online terminals for batch processing
Isolated (stand-alone) personal computers
Batch I/O devices
Distributed systems that rely heavily on networking
Intranet and Extranet
BITNET and NSFNET
Milnet and Internet
ARPANET and Milnet
None of the above
Stores data and software that can be accessed by the client.
Is the pathway through which messages travel.
In client/server computing they work together over the network with client computers to support the business application.
Can only perform one function on a network.
Stores documents and graphics that can be accessed from any Web browser.
Client/server networks
Peer-to-peer networks
Host networks
Client networks
Local area networks
Store data and software programs that can be used by client computers on the network.
Manage all printing requests from clients on the network.
Transfer e-mail messages to other servers on the network.
Store HTML documents for an Internet or intranet web site.
Coordinate the communication of client and servers on the network.
A large central network that connects other networks in a distance spanning exactly 5 miles.
A group of personal computers or terminals located in the same general area and connected by a common cable (communication circuit) so they can exchange information.
A network spanning a geographical area that usually encompasses a city or county area (3 to 30 miles).
A network spanning a large geographical area (up to 1000s of miles).
A network spanning exactly 10 miles with common carrier circuits.
A high speed central network that connects other networks in a distance spanning up to several miles.
A group of personal computers or terminals located in the same general area and connected by a common cable (communication circuit) so they can exchange information.
A network spanning a geographical area that usually encompasses a city or county area (3 to 30 miles).
A network spanning a large geographical area (up to 1000s of miles).
A network spanning exactly 200 miles with common carrier circuits.
A high speed central network, built with privately owned media, which connects other networks in a distance spanning up to several miles.
A group of personal computers or terminals located in the same general area and connected by a common cable (communication circuit) so they can exchange information.
A network that spans a geographical area that usually encompasses a city or county area (3 to 30 miles) and that typically uses common carrier circuits.
A network spanning a large geographical area (up to 1000s of miles).
A network spanning exactly 543.56 miles with private media.
Connects backbone networks and MANS.
Spans hundreds or thousands of miles
Provides data transmission speeds from 56Kbps to 10Gbps.
Connects a group of computers in a small geographic area such as room, floor, building or campus.
Uses lease lines from IXCs like ATT, MCI, Sprint.
Presentation Layer
Transport Layer
Physical Layer
Session Layer
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Transport Layer
Physical Layer
Session Layer
Application Layer
Session
Presentation
Physical
Application
Transport
Data link and network
Session, presentation and application
Application layer
Application and presentation
Network, transport and presentation
Transmission of bits.
Defining the rules by which one and zeroes are transmitted.
Providing error-free transmission of data.
Providing the physical connection between sender and receiver.
Specifying the type of connection and type of signals, waves or pulses that pass though it.
Data communication layer
Resident layer
Application layer
Network layer
Physical layer
Deciding when to transmit messages over the media
Formatting the message by indicating where messages start and end, and which part is the address
Detecting and correcting any errors that have occurred in the transmission of the message
Specifying the type of connection, and the electrical signals, radio waves, or light pulses that pass through it
Controlling the physical layer by determining when to transmit
Linking the physical layer to the network layer
Formatting messages by indicating where they start and end
Deciding which route the message should take
Breaking long messages into several smaller messages
Specifying the type of connection and the electrical signals, radio waves, or light pulses that pass through it
Internetwork layers
Hardware layers
Software layers
Middleware layers
Application layers
IP
TCP
Ethernet
HTTP
FTP
Physical
Application
Transport
Network
Data link
Agreement
Standard
Protocol
Regulations
Policy
TCP
HTTP
FTP
SMTP
IP
Simplify cost accounting for networks
Ensure that hardware and software produced by different vendors can work together
Make it more difficult to develop hardware and software that link different networks
Ensure that all network components of a particular network can be provided by only one vendor
Lock customers into buying network components from one vendor
They are always developed before de facto standards.
One example exists for network layer software (IP).
They can be developed by an official industry body.
They can take several years to develop.
They can be developed by a government body.
They never evolve into de juro standards.
They are those standards that emerge in the marketplace.
They tend not to be developed by an official industry or government body.
They are generally supported by more than one vendor but de facto standards have no official standing.
They tend to emerge based upon the needs/response of the marketplace.
Specification, identification of choices and acceptance.
Planning, implementing and acceptance.
Brainstorming, identification and implementing.
Specification, formalization, and acceptance.
None of the above.
It makes technical recommendations about data communications interfaces
Its name stands for International Organization for Standardization
It is based in Geneva, Switzerland
It is one of the most important standards-making bodies
All of the above
It is the technical standards-setting organization of the United Nations International Telecommunications Union
It is the International Telecommunications Union – Telecommunications Group
Its membership is limited to U.S. telephone companies
It is based in Geneva, Switzerland
Its membership is comprised of representatives from over 200 member countries
ANSI
ISO
IETF
IEEE
ITU-T
ANSI
ISO
IETF
IEEE
ITU-T
Development of online batch systems
Integration of voice, video, and data
Pervasive networking
Provision of new information services on rapidly expanding networks
Development of extremely high speed broadband networks
Convergence
Peer-to-peer networks
Metropolitan wide networks
Regional bell operating company
Intranet
Anonymous FTP
Data access logic
Fat client
Application architecture
Response status architecture
Workstation
Transaction terminal
Cluster
Network computer
Transaction terminal
Data storage
Data access logic
Application logic
Presentation logic
Application access storage
Data storage
Data access logic
Application logic
Presentation logic
Application access storage
Cannot connect computers that use different hardware
Are one of the least used network architectures today
Can use middleware to provide a standard way of communicating between software from more than one vendor
Assign the responsibility for the presentation logic to the server
Were the earliest type of network architectures
A front-end processor
Serverware
Middleware
Centerware
Programmer
Presentation logic
Application logic
Data access logic
Data storage
Application storage
Always is a two-tier network architecture
Always is an n-tiered architecture
Places all or almost all of the application logic on the client
Places all or almost all of the application logic on the server
Refers to the size of the cable connecting the clients to the network
Client
Server
Middleware
Hardware
Software
Microsoft in 1994 as part of the Windows 95 project
Tim Berners-Lee at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) in 1989
Vinton Cerf, for the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969 as a network of four computers called ARPANET
Howard Flieshman of IBM in 1982 as part of the development of the IBM PC
The University of Minnesota as an extension of Gopher
Internet Explorer
Mosaic
Firebird
Netscape Navigator
Mozilla
Web browser
Web server
Telnet package
Uniform Resource Locator package
Router package
Browser
Application web
Web server
Operating system
None of the above
Unknown Resource Locator
Unknown Router Location
Uniform Router Location
Uniform Resource Locator
Uniform Resource Library
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
File Transfer Protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Internet Message Access Protocol
Hyperlink Transfer Protocol.
Request address, request body
Request address, request header, request body
Request line, request header
Request line, request body
Request line, request header, request body
Response status, response header, response body
Response address, response header, response body
Response status, response body
Response address, response header
Response status, response header
The requested page was not found
The server is currently unavailable
The sever is currently busy
Your browser is incompatible with the Web server software.
Your browser needs to be updated to the latest version.
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