Midterm Exam 1- Acct 308-summer School
Midterm Exam 1-summer school-acct 308
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Data differ from information in which way?
- A.
Data are output and information are input
- B.
Information is output and data are input
- C.
Data are meaningful bits of information
- D.
There is no difference
Correct Answer
B. Information is output and data are inputExplanation
Data and information are two distinct concepts. Data refers to raw facts, figures, or symbols that have not been processed or organized in any meaningful way. On the other hand, information is the result of processing and organizing data, making it meaningful and useful. Therefore, data are input, as they are the starting point for generating information, while information is output, as it is the outcome of processing data.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following in not a characteristic that makes information useful?
- A.
It is reliable
- B.
It is timely
- C.
It is inexpensive
- D.
It is relevant
Correct Answer
C. It is inexpensiveExplanation
The given answer, "It is inexpensive," is not a characteristic that makes information useful. The usefulness of information is typically determined by factors such as its reliability, timeliness, and relevance. The cost or expense of obtaining the information does not necessarily impact its usefulness. Therefore, being inexpensive is not a characteristic that contributes to the usefulness of information.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following is a primary activity in the value chain?
- A.
Purchasing
- B.
Accounting
- C.
Post-sales service
- D.
Human resource management
Correct Answer
C. Post-sales serviceExplanation
Post-sales service is considered a primary activity in the value chain because it involves activities that directly add value to the product or service after it has been sold. This includes activities such as customer support, warranty services, repairs, and maintenance. By providing excellent post-sales service, a company can enhance customer satisfaction, build customer loyalty, and potentially generate repeat sales.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Top management continually emphasizes and supports investments designed to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing process. Such a focus most likely reflects the pursuit of which type of strategy?
- A.
Product differentiation
- B.
Low-cost
- C.
Needs-based
- D.
Variety-based
Correct Answer
B. Low-costExplanation
The focus on improving the efficiency of the manufacturing process suggests that the company is pursuing a low-cost strategy. By investing in ways to make the manufacturing process more efficient, the company aims to reduce costs and produce goods at a lower cost than its competitors. This strategy is focused on achieving cost leadership in the market, allowing the company to offer products at lower prices or with higher profit margins.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following is not a means by which information improves decision making?
- A.
Increasing information overload
- B.
Reducing uncertainty
- C.
Providing feedback about the effectiveness of prior decisions
- D.
Identifying situations requiring management action
Correct Answer
A. Increasing information overloadExplanation
Increasing information overload is not a means by which information improves decision making. Information overload refers to the situation where the amount of information available exceeds a person's ability to process and comprehend it. When there is too much information, it can actually hinder decision making by causing confusion, overwhelm, and a lack of focus. Therefore, increasing information overload does not contribute to better decision making.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In the value chain concept, upgrading IT is considered what kind of activity?
- A.
Primary activity
- B.
Support activity
- C.
Service activity
- D.
Structured activity
Correct Answer
B. Support activityExplanation
Upgrading IT is considered a support activity in the value chain concept. Support activities are those that provide assistance to the primary activities of a business, such as procurement, technology development, human resource management, and infrastructure. Upgrading IT falls under the technology development support activity, as it involves improving and enhancing the technological capabilities of the organization to support its primary activities.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Lower level management employees are most likely to make which of the following decisions?
- A.
Structured decisions involving strategic planning
- B.
Unstructured decisions involving managerial control
- C.
Structured decisions involving operational control
- D.
Unstructured decisions involving strategic planning
Correct Answer
C. Structured decisions involving operational controlExplanation
Lower level management employees are most likely to make structured decisions involving operational control. This is because lower level managers are responsible for overseeing day-to-day operations and ensuring that tasks are carried out efficiently and effectively. These decisions typically involve routine and repetitive tasks that can be standardized and controlled. Strategic planning and decision-making are usually the responsibilities of higher-level managers who have a broader perspective and are involved in long-term planning.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following is a function of an AIS?
- A.
Reducing the need to identify a strategy and strategic position
- B.
Transforming data into useful information
- C.
Allocating organizational resources
- D.
Automating all decision making
Correct Answer
B. Transforming data into useful informationExplanation
The function of an AIS (Accounting Information System) is to transform data into useful information. An AIS collects, records, processes, and stores financial and accounting data, and then converts that data into meaningful reports and analyses. By transforming raw data into useful information, an AIS helps managers and decision-makers make informed decisions, monitor performance, and evaluate the financial health of an organization. It also aids in compliance with financial reporting requirements and facilitates internal and external communication.Rate this question:
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- 9.
A firm, its suppliers, and its customers collectively form which of the following?
- A.
Supply chain
- B.
Value chain
- C.
ERP system
- D.
AIS
Correct Answer
A. Supply chainExplanation
A supply chain refers to the network of organizations involved in the production, distribution, and consumption of goods or services. This includes the firm, its suppliers, and its customers. They work together to ensure the smooth flow of products or services from the initial production stage to the final delivery to the end consumer. Therefore, the correct answer is supply chain.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A company that focuses its marketing efforts on a specific subset of the population (eg, college students) is probably pursuing which type of stategic position?
- A.
Variety-based
- B.
Needs-based
- C.
Access-based
- D.
Low-cost
Correct Answer
B. Needs-basedExplanation
A company that focuses its marketing efforts on a specific subset of the population, such as college students, is likely pursuing a needs-based strategic position. This means that the company is targeting a specific group of customers who have unique needs and preferences. By understanding and catering to these specific needs, the company can differentiate itself from competitors and create value for its target market. This approach allows the company to tailor its products, services, and marketing messages to meet the specific needs and desires of the chosen customer segment.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which transaction cycle includes interactions between an organization and its suppliers?
- A.
Revenue cycle
- B.
Expenditure cycle
- C.
Human resources/payroll cycle
- D.
General ledger and reporting system
Correct Answer
B. Expenditure cycleExplanation
The correct answer is the expenditure cycle. This cycle involves the interactions between an organization and its suppliers, which includes activities such as purchasing goods and services, receiving and inspecting them, and making payments to suppliers. This cycle is crucial for managing the organization's expenses and ensuring that it obtains the necessary resources from suppliers to support its operations.Rate this question:
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- 12.
All of the information (name, GPA, major, ect) about a particular student is stored in which of the following?
- A.
File
- B.
Record
- C.
Attribute
- D.
Field
Correct Answer
B. RecordExplanation
A record is a collection of related data items that are stored together. In the context of this question, it is stated that all the information about a particular student, including their name, GPA, major, etc., is stored in a record. Therefore, a record is the correct answer as it is the data structure that holds all the relevant information about a specific student.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following would contain the total value of all inventory owned by an organization?
- A.
Source document
- B.
General ledger
- C.
Cash budet
Correct Answer
B. General ledgerExplanation
The general ledger is a comprehensive record of all financial transactions and accounts of an organization. It contains detailed information about each account, including the inventory account. Therefore, the general ledger would contain the total value of all inventory owned by an organization.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following is most likely to be a general ledger control account?
- A.
Accounts receivable
- B.
Petty cash
- C.
Prepaid rent
- D.
Retained earnings
Correct Answer
A. Accounts receivableExplanation
Accounts receivable is most likely to be a general ledger control account because it is used to track the total amount of money owed to a company by its customers. This account is updated regularly as sales are made and payments are received, and it provides a summary of all outstanding customer balances. By using a control account like accounts receivable, companies can easily monitor and reconcile their customer accounts, ensuring accuracy and completeness in their financial records.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is most useful for projecting the need for short-term borrowing?
- A.
Income statement
- B.
Performance report
- C.
Cash budget
- D.
Balance sheet
Correct Answer
C. Cash budgetExplanation
A cash budget is the most useful tool for projecting the need for short-term borrowing because it provides a detailed analysis of a company's expected cash inflows and outflows over a specific period. By examining the cash budget, a company can determine if it will have enough cash on hand to cover its expenses and obligations or if it will need to borrow funds to meet its short-term needs. The income statement, performance report, and balance sheet provide valuable financial information, but they do not specifically focus on cash flow projections like a cash budget does.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What report expresses goals in financial terms?
- A.
Performance report
- B.
Financial statement
- C.
Budget
- D.
Chart of accounts
Correct Answer
C. BudgetExplanation
A budget is a report that expresses goals in financial terms. It outlines the expected income and expenses for a specific period, typically a year. It helps organizations plan and allocate resources effectively, ensuring that financial goals are met. A budget provides a detailed breakdown of projected revenues, costs, and investments, allowing businesses to track their financial performance and make informed decisions. It serves as a financial roadmap, guiding organizations towards their objectives and enabling them to monitor their progress.Rate this question:
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- 17.
How does the chart of accounts list general ledger accounts?
- A.
Alphabetical order
- B.
Chronological order
- C.
Size order
- D.
The order in which they appear in financial statements
Correct Answer
D. The order in which they appear in financial statementsExplanation
The chart of accounts lists general ledger accounts in the order in which they appear in financial statements. This means that the accounts are organized based on their placement in financial statements such as the balance sheet and income statement. This allows for easy reference and analysis of the accounts in relation to the overall financial performance of the company.Rate this question:
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- 18.
In which cycle does a company ship goods to customers?
- A.
Production cycle
- B.
Financing cycle
- C.
Revenue cycle
- D.
Expenditure cycle
Correct Answer
C. Revenue cycleExplanation
The revenue cycle is the correct answer because it involves the process of selling goods or services to customers and receiving payment for them. This cycle includes activities such as generating sales orders, delivering the goods to customers, issuing invoices, and collecting payments. It is an essential part of a company's operations as it directly impacts its cash flow and profitability.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What are records of company data sent to an external party and then returned to the system as input called?
- A.
Turnaround documents
- B.
Source data automation documents
- C.
Source documents
- D.
External input documents
Correct Answer
A. Turnaround documentsExplanation
Turnaround documents refer to records of company data that are sent to an external party and then returned to the system as input. These documents are used to update or input data into the system, allowing for a seamless flow of information between the company and the external party.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Recording and processing information about a transaction at the time it takes place is referred to as which of the following?
- A.
Batch processing
- B.
Online, real-time processsing
- C.
Captured transaction processsing
- D.
Chart of accounts processing
Correct Answer
B. Online, real-time processsingExplanation
Online, real-time processing refers to the recording and processing of information about a transaction immediately as it occurs. This means that the transaction is captured and processed in real-time, allowing for immediate updates and access to the information. This type of processing is commonly used in systems such as online banking or point-of-sale systems where transactions need to be processed and reflected immediately.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A DFD is a representation of which of the following?
- A.
Relationship among modules, data, and programs of an AIS
- B.
Flow of data in an organization
- C.
Decision rules in a computer program
- D.
Computer hardware configuration
Correct Answer
B. Flow of data in an organizationExplanation
A DFD (Data Flow Diagram) is a graphical representation that shows the flow of data within an organization. It illustrates how data moves between different processes, data stores, and external entities. By using symbols to represent these components and arrows to indicate the direction of data flow, a DFD helps to visualize the movement of information and understand the relationships between various elements in an organization's data processing system.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Documentation methods such as DFDs and flowcharts save both time and money, adding value to an organization.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Documentation methods such as DFDs (Data Flow Diagrams) and flowcharts provide visual representations of processes and systems within an organization. These diagrams help in understanding the flow of information, data, and activities, which in turn improves communication and collaboration among team members. By documenting processes and systems, organizations can identify inefficiencies, bottlenecks, and areas for improvement, leading to time and cost savings. Additionally, well-documented processes enable easier training of new employees and facilitate troubleshooting and problem-solving. Therefore, the use of documentation methods like DFDs and flowcharts can indeed save both time and money, ultimately adding value to an organization.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following statements is false?
- A.
Flowcharts make use of many symbols
- B.
A flowchart emphasizes the flow of documents or records containing data
- C.
DFDs help convey the timing of events
- D.
Both a and b are false
Correct Answer
C. DFDs help convey the timing of eventsExplanation
The statement "DFDs help convey the timing of events" is false. Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) are used to represent the flow of data between different processes, entities, and data stores in a system. They do not provide information about the timing or sequencing of events. Timing diagrams or sequence diagrams are typically used to convey the timing of events in a system.Rate this question:
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- 24.
A DFD consists of the following four basic elements: data sources and destinations, data flows, transformation processes, and data stores. Each is represented on a DFD by a different symbol.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
A DFD (Data Flow Diagram) is a visual representation of how data flows within a system. It consists of four basic elements: data sources and destinations, data flows, transformation processes, and data stores. Each of these elements is represented by a different symbol on the DFD. Therefore, the given statement is true as it accurately describes the four basic elements of a DFD.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following is not one of the guidelines that should be followed in naming DFD data elements?
- A.
Process names should include action verbs such as update, edit, prepare, and record
- B.
Make sure the names describe all the data or the entire process
- C.
Name only the most important DFD elements
- D.
Choose active and descriptive names
Correct Answer
C. Name only the most important DFD elementsExplanation
The correct answer is "name only the most important DFD elements". This guideline suggests that when naming DFD data elements, it is not necessary to name every single element, but rather focus on naming the most important ones. This helps to keep the DFD diagram clear and concise, avoiding clutter and confusion. By naming only the most important elements, it becomes easier to understand and communicate the flow of data within the system.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The understading of documentation skills that accountants require varies with their job function. However, they should at least be able to do which of the following?
- A.
Read documentation to determine how the system works
- B.
Critique and correct documentation that others prepare
- C.
Prepare documentation for a newly developed information system
- D.
Teach others how to prepare documentation
Correct Answer
A. Read documentation to determine how the system worksExplanation
Accountants need to have the ability to read documentation in order to understand how the system works. This is important for them to effectively analyze and interpret financial information. By reading the documentation, accountants can gain insights into the processes and procedures of the system, enabling them to make accurate financial decisions and provide valuable insights to the organization.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which of the following statements is false?
- A.
A flowchart is an analytical technique used to describe some aspect of an information system in a clear, concise, and logical manner
- B.
Flowcharts use a standard set of symbols to describe pictorially the flow of documents and data through a system
- C.
Flowcharts are easy to prepare and revise when the designer utilizes a flowcharting software package
- D.
A system flowchart is a narrative representation of an information system
- E.
A program flowchart shows the logic used in computer programs
Correct Answer
D. A system flowchart is a narrative representation of an information systemExplanation
A system flowchart is not a narrative representation of an information system. Instead, it is a graphical representation that uses symbols to depict the flow of documents and data through a system. It provides a visual representation of the processes and interactions within the system, making it easier to understand and analyze.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following flowcharts illustrates the flow of information among areas of responsibility in an organization?
- A.
Program flowchart
- B.
Computer configuration chart
- C.
System flowchart
- D.
Document flowchart
Correct Answer
D. Document flowchartExplanation
A document flowchart illustrates the flow of information among areas of responsibility in an organization. It shows the movement of documents or information between different departments or individuals within the organization. This type of flowchart helps to identify the process of how documents are created, reviewed, approved, and distributed within the organization. It provides a visual representation of the flow of information, making it easier to understand and analyze the communication and coordination between different areas of responsibility.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following is not one of the recommended guidelines for making flowcharts more readable, clear, concise, consistent, and understandable?
- A.
Divide the flowchart into columns with labels
- B.
Flowchart all information flows, especially exception procedures and error routines
- C.
Design the flowchart so that flow proceeds from top to bottom and from left to right
- D.
Show the final disposition of all documents to prevent loose ends that leave the reader dangling
- E.
Each manual processing symbol should have an input and an output
Correct Answer
B. Flowchart all information flows, especially exception procedures and error routinesExplanation
The recommended guidelines for making flowcharts more readable, clear, concise, consistent, and understandable include dividing the flowchart into columns with labels, designing the flowchart so that flow proceeds from top to bottom and from left to right, showing the final disposition of all documents to prevent loose ends, and ensuring that each manual processing symbol has an input and an output. However, the guideline of "flowcharting all information flows, especially exception procedures and error routines" is not one of the recommended guidelines.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Data sources and destinations are represented in a data flow diagram as:
- A.
A square
- B.
A curved arrow
- C.
A circle
- D.
Two parallel lines
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. A squareExplanation
In a data flow diagram, data sources and destinations are represented as squares. This is because squares symbolize external entities or processes that provide or receive data. These squares serve as the starting or ending points of data flows within the diagram. The other options, such as curved arrows, circles, and parallel lines, do not accurately represent data sources and destinations in a data flow diagram.Rate this question:
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- 31.
COSO indetified five interrelated components of internal controls. Which of the following is not one of those five?
- A.
Risk assessment
- B.
Internal control policies
- C.
Monitoring
- D.
Information and communication
Correct Answer
B. Internal control policiesExplanation
The correct answer is "internal control policies." COSO, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, identified five interrelated components of internal controls: risk assessment, monitoring, information and communication, control activities, and the control environment. Internal control policies are not specifically mentioned as one of the components, making it the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 32.
In the ERM model developed by COSO, there are four types of objectives that management must meet to achieve company goals. Which of the following is not one of those types?
- A.
Responsibility objectives
- B.
Strategic objectives
- C.
Compliance objectives
- D.
Reporting objectives
- E.
Operations objectives
Correct Answer
A. Responsibility objectivesExplanation
The ERM model developed by COSO outlines four types of objectives that management must meet to achieve company goals: strategic objectives, compliance objectives, reporting objectives, and operations objectives. Responsibility objectives are not one of the types of objectives outlined in the model.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the following statements is true?
- A.
The COSO report on enterprise risk management is narrow in scope and is limited to financial controls
- B.
COSO's internal control integrated framework report has been widely accepted as the authority on internal controls
- C.
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act had no impact on internal accounting control systems
- D.
It is easier to add controls to an already designed system than to include them during the initial design stage
Correct Answer
B. COSO's internal control integrated framework report has been widely accepted as the authority on internal controlsExplanation
The answer is correct because the COSO's internal control integrated framework report is indeed widely accepted as the authority on internal controls. This report provides a comprehensive framework for designing, implementing, and assessing internal control systems in organizations. It is recognized and used by many organizations, auditors, and regulators as a standard for evaluating the effectiveness of internal controls.Rate this question:
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- 34.
All other things being equal, which of the following is true?
- A.
Detective controls are superior to preventive controls
- B.
Corrective controls are superior to preventive controls
- C.
Preventive controls are equivalent to detective controls
- D.
Preventive controls are superior to detective controls
Correct Answer
D. Preventive controls are superior to detective controlsExplanation
Preventive controls are superior to detective controls because they focus on preventing issues before they occur, rather than detecting and responding to them after they have already happened. Preventive controls aim to minimize the likelihood of risks and vulnerabilities, reducing the need for costly and time-consuming investigations or corrective actions. By proactively implementing preventive measures such as access controls, security policies, and employee training, organizations can mitigate risks and maintain a more secure environment. In contrast, detective controls are reactive in nature, relying on monitoring and detection mechanisms to identify and address security incidents after they have already taken place.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which of the following statements about the control enviornment is false?
- A.
Management's attitudes toward internal control and ethical behavior have little impact on employee beliefs or actions
- B.
An overly complex or unclear organizational structure may be indicative of more serious problems
- C.
A written policy and procedures manual is an important tool for assigning authority and responsibility
- D.
Supervision is especially important in organizations that cannot afford elaborate responsibilty reporting or are too small to have an adequate separation of duties
Correct Answer
A. Management's attitudes toward internal control and ethical behavior have little impact on employee beliefs or actionsExplanation
Management's attitudes toward internal control and ethical behavior have a significant impact on employee beliefs and actions. When management demonstrates a commitment to ethical behavior and internal control, employees are more likely to follow suit. This can create a positive control environment where employees understand the importance of following policies and procedures and are motivated to act ethically. Conversely, if management does not prioritize internal control and ethical behavior, employees may be more inclined to disregard policies and engage in unethical actions.Rate this question:
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- 36.
To acheive effective segregation of duties, certain functions must be separated. Which of the following is the correct listing of the accounting-related functions that must be segregated?
- A.
Control, recording, and monitoring
- B.
Authorization, recording, and custody
- C.
Control, custody, and authorization
- D.
Monitoring, recording, and planning
Correct Answer
B. Authorization, recording, and custodyExplanation
To achieve effective segregation of duties, it is important to separate certain functions. This is because it helps to prevent fraud and errors by ensuring that no single individual has complete control over a transaction from start to finish. The correct listing of accounting-related functions that must be segregated is authorization, recording, and custody. Authorization involves approving and initiating transactions, recording involves accurately documenting the transactions, and custody involves safeguarding the assets or resources involved in the transactions. By separating these functions, it helps to create a system of checks and balances and reduces the risk of fraudulent activities.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which of the following is not an independent check?
- A.
Bank reconciliation
- B.
Periodic comparison of subsidiary ledger totals to control accounts
- C.
Trial balance
- D.
Re-adding the total of a batch of invoices and comparing it with your first total
Correct Answer
D. Re-adding the total of a batch of invoices and comparing it with your first totalExplanation
The re-adding of the total of a batch of invoices and comparing it with the first total is not an independent check because it relies solely on the accuracy of the initial total. It does not involve any external or separate verification process to ensure the accuracy of the total. In contrast, bank reconciliation, periodic comparison of subsidiary ledger totals to control accounts, and trial balance are all independent checks that involve comparing different sets of records or accounts to identify any discrepancies or errors.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which of the following is a control procedure relating to both the design and use of documents and records?
- A.
Locking blank checks in a drawer
- B.
Reconciling the bank account
- C.
Sequentially prenumbering sales invoices
- D.
Comparing actual physical quantities with recorded amounts
Correct Answer
C. Sequentially prenumbering sales invoicesExplanation
Sequentially prenumbering sales invoices is a control procedure relating to both the design and use of documents and records. This practice ensures that each invoice is assigned a unique number in a sequential order, which helps in tracking and identifying individual transactions. It helps to prevent the occurrence of duplicate or missing invoices, reducing the risk of fraud or errors in recording sales transactions. Additionally, it facilitates the organization and retrieval of invoices, making it easier to locate and reference specific transactions when needed.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which of the following is the correct order of the risk assessment steps discussed in this chapter?
- A.
Identify threats, estimate risk and exposure, identify controls, and estimate costs and benefits
- B.
Identify controls, estimate risk and exposure, identify threats, and estimate costs and benefits
- C.
Estimate risk and exposure, identify controls, identify threats, and estimate costs and benefits
- D.
Estimate costs and benefits, identify threats, identify controls, and estimate risk and exposure
Correct Answer
A. Identify threats, estimate risk and exposure, identify controls, and estimate costs and benefitsExplanation
The correct order of the risk assessment steps discussed in this chapter is to first identify threats, then estimate risk and exposure, followed by identifying controls, and finally estimating costs and benefits. This order allows for a systematic approach to assessing and managing risks by first identifying potential threats, then evaluating the likelihood and impact of those threats, determining appropriate controls to mitigate the risks, and finally considering the costs and benefits associated with implementing those controls.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Your current system is deemed to be 90% reliable. A major threat has been identified with an impact of $3,000,000. Two control procedures exist to deal with the threat. Implementation of control A would cost $100,000 and reduce the likelihood to 6%. Implementation of control B would cost $140,000 and reduce the likelihood to 4%. Implementation of both controls would cost $220,000 and reduce the likelihood to 2%. Given the data, and based soley on economic analysis of costs and benefits, what should you do?
- A.
Implement control A only
- B.
Implement control B only
- C.
Implement both controls A and B
- D.
Implement neither control
Correct Answer
B. Implement control B onlyExplanation
Based on economic analysis of costs and benefits, implementing control B only is the most appropriate action. Control B has a higher cost than control A but also reduces the likelihood of the threat to a lower percentage. Since the objective is to minimize the impact of the threat while considering costs, control B provides a better balance between cost and effectiveness compared to control A. Implementing both controls would be more expensive without a significant increase in the reduction of the likelihood of the threat. Therefore, implementing control B only is the most cost-effective solution.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The relational data model portrays data as being stored in
- A.
Hierarchies
- B.
Tables
- C.
Objects
- D.
Files
Correct Answer
B. TablesExplanation
The relational data model portrays data as being stored in tables. In this model, data is organized into tables with rows representing records and columns representing attributes or fields. Each table has a unique identifier called a primary key, which is used to establish relationships between tables. This allows for efficient storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data. Tables in the relational data model provide a structured and organized way to store and manage data, making it a widely used and accepted approach in database management systems.Rate this question:
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- 42.
How a user conceptually organizes and understands data is referred to as the
- A.
Physical view
- B.
Logical view
- C.
Data model view
- D.
Data organization view
Correct Answer
B. Logical viewExplanation
The correct answer is the logical view because it refers to how a user conceptually organizes and understands data. The logical view focuses on the logical structure and relationships of the data, rather than the physical implementation or organization. It involves defining data elements, their attributes, and the relationships between them, allowing users to understand and manipulate the data in a meaningful way without concerning themselves with the underlying physical storage or organization.Rate this question:
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- 43.
What is each row in a relational database table called?
- A.
Relation
- B.
Attribute
- C.
Anomaly
- D.
Tuple
Correct Answer
D. TupleExplanation
In a relational database table, each row is called a tuple. A tuple represents a single record or instance of data in the table. It contains a collection of attributes or fields that define the characteristics of the data. Tuples are used to organize and store data in a structured manner, allowing for efficient retrieval and manipulation of information within the database.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which of the following is an individual user's view of the database?
- A.
Conceptual-level schema
- B.
External-level schema
- C.
Internal-level schema
- D.
Logical-level schema
Correct Answer
B. External-level schemaExplanation
The external-level schema represents an individual user's view of the database. It defines how a specific user or group of users perceive and interact with the data. This schema is customized to meet the specific needs and requirements of the user, providing a simplified and tailored view of the database. It allows users to access and manipulate the data without needing to understand the underlying complexities of the database structure.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which of the following would managers most likely use to retrieve information about sales during the month of October?
- A.
DML
- B.
DSL
- C.
DDL
- D.
DQL
Correct Answer
D. DQLExplanation
Managers would most likely use DQL (Data Query Language) to retrieve information about sales during the month of October. DQL is a language used to retrieve data from a database, allowing users to search, filter, and extract specific information based on their query. Since the managers are interested in retrieving sales data for a specific time period, DQL would be the most appropriate choice as it allows them to retrieve the desired information efficiently.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which of the following attributes would most likely be a primary key?
- A.
Supplier name
- B.
Supplier number
- C.
Supplier zip code
- D.
Supplier account balance
Correct Answer
B. Supplier numberExplanation
The attribute "supplier number" would most likely be a primary key because it is a unique identifier for each supplier. Primary keys are used to uniquely identify each record in a database table, and "supplier number" seems to be the most appropriate attribute for this purpose. The other attributes, such as "supplier name", "supplier zip code", and "supplier account balance", may not be unique for each supplier and therefore would not be suitable as primary keys.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which of the following is a software program that runs a database system?
- A.
DQL
- B.
DBMS
- C.
DML
- D.
DDL
Correct Answer
B. DBMSExplanation
A software program that runs a database system is known as a DBMS (Database Management System). DBMS is responsible for creating, managing, and manipulating databases. It provides functionalities such as data storage, retrieval, and security. DQL (Data Query Language), DML (Data Manipulation Language), and DDL (Data Definition Language) are all components or languages used within a DBMS to interact with the database, but they are not the software program itself.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The constraint that all primary keys must have non-null data values is referred to as which of the following?
- A.
Referential integrity rule
- B.
Entity integrity rule
- C.
Normalization rule
- D.
Relational data model rule
Correct Answer
B. Entity integrity ruleExplanation
The entity integrity rule states that all primary keys must have non-null data values. This ensures that each record in a table is uniquely identified and prevents any null or missing values in the primary key field. This rule is an important aspect of maintaining data integrity and ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the database. It helps to enforce the uniqueness and reliability of primary keys, which are crucial for proper data management and relationships between tables.Rate this question:
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- 49.
The contraint that all foreign keys must have either null values or the value of a primary key in another table is referred to as which of the following?
- A.
Referential integrity rule
- B.
Integrity entity rule
- C.
Foreign key value rule
- D.
Null value rule
Correct Answer
A. Referential integrity ruleExplanation
The correct answer is referential integrity rule. This rule ensures that there is consistency and accuracy in the relationships between tables in a database. It requires that all foreign keys, which are used to establish relationships between tables, must have either null values or the value of a primary key in another table. This ensures that the data remains valid and prevents any inconsistencies or errors in the relationships between tables.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Which of the following attributes in teh Cash Receipts table (representing payments received from customers) would most likely be a foreign key?
- A.
Cash receipt number
- B.
Customer check number
- C.
Customer number
- D.
Cash receipt date
Correct Answer
C. Customer numberExplanation
The attribute "customer number" in the Cash Receipts table would most likely be a foreign key because it represents a reference to the primary key in the Customers table. This allows for the establishment of a relationship between the two tables, where each cash receipt is associated with a specific customer.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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May 26, 2010Quiz Created by
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