Micro - Virology- The Viruses
Review quiz on microbiology- the viruses covering picornoviruses, enteroviruses, poliviruses, rhinoviruses, and arboviruses
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which virus(es) can be considered positive sense?
- A.
Picornoviruses
- B.
Rhinoviruses
- C.
Enteroviruses
- D.
A & B
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
All of the given viruses - picornoviruses, rhinoviruses, and enteroviruses - can be considered positive sense.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following is true about poliovirus
- A.
Can be asymptomatic
- B.
Usually does not affect CNS
- C.
Can cause flaccid paralysis
- D.
A & C
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
only 1% of patients with viremia develop cns involvementRate this question:
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- 3.
Enteroviruses are spread through which of the following routes
- A.
Contaminated aerosol droplets
- B.
Fecal oral contamination
- C.
Penetration of skin and mucosa
- D.
Inhalation
Correct Answer
B. Fecal oral contaminationExplanation
Enteroviruses are spread through fecal oral contamination, meaning that the virus is transmitted when someone ingests food or water that has been contaminated with fecal matter containing the virus. This can occur through poor hygiene practices, such as not washing hands properly after using the bathroom, or through the consumption of contaminated food or water. It is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands thoroughly and ensuring the cleanliness of food and water sources, to prevent the spread of enteroviruses.Rate this question:
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- 4.
A patient presents with poliovirus infection and is hospitalized for 4 days. On the second day she appears to have recovered with all labs within normal limits except that she is still shedding polivirus. this is problematic because of which of the following possibilities?
- A.
May develop flaccid paralysis
- B.
Illness has not subsided
- C.
May develop flaccid paralysis
- D.
This can lead to epidemics
Correct Answer
D. This can lead to epidemicsExplanation
The patient's continued shedding of the poliovirus even after appearing to have recovered is problematic because it can lead to epidemics. Poliovirus is highly contagious and can spread easily from person to person through contact with infected feces or respiratory droplets. If the patient is still shedding the virus, they can potentially infect others, leading to the spread of the virus and the development of epidemics.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Polivirus can infect any organ that it comes in contact with
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
has restricted tropismRate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is true about poliovirus replication?
- A.
Uses a RNA dependent DNA polymerase
- B.
Attaches to receptors before replication
- C.
Cannot replicate in small intestines
- D.
Is negative sense single stranded RNA
Correct Answer
B. Attaches to receptors before replicationExplanation
The correct answer is "attaches to receptors before replication." This means that before poliovirus can replicate, it must first attach to specific receptors on the surface of host cells. This initial attachment is necessary for the virus to enter the cell and initiate the replication process.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which places are the first sites of enterovirus infection
- A.
Intestine and oropharynx
- B.
Blood stream
- C.
Lymphatic system
- D.
Skin
Correct Answer
A. Intestine and oropharynxExplanation
The correct answer is intestine and oropharynx because enteroviruses primarily infect the gastrointestinal tract (intestine) and the area at the back of the throat (oropharynx). These viruses are typically transmitted through contaminated food, water, or close contact with an infected person's respiratory secretions. Once the virus enters the body through ingestion or inhalation, it replicates in the intestine and oropharynx before potentially spreading to other organs or systems, such as the blood stream or lymphatic system.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Poliovirus's damage stage features which of the following conditions?
- A.
Flaccid paralysis from destruction of posterior spinal cord
- B.
Replication in any part of neurons
- C.
Causes lytic destruction of host cell tissue
- D.
A & C
Correct Answer
C. Causes lytic destruction of host cell tissueExplanation
The correct answer is "causes lytic destruction of host cell tissue." Poliovirus is known to cause lytic destruction of host cell tissue, leading to the death of infected cells. This destruction is caused by the virus replicating within the host cells and using the cellular machinery to produce more virus particles. This ultimately leads to the death of the infected cells and the release of new virus particles to infect other cells. This process contributes to the pathogenesis of poliovirus infection and the resulting symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Hyper angina is best described by which of the following conditions?
- A.
Caused by enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus type A16
- B.
Sudden onset of fever with vesicles on tonsils and palate
- C.
Caused by replication of rhinoviruses
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Sudden onset of fever with vesicles on tonsils and palateExplanation
enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus type A16 cause hand foot and mouth diseaseRate this question:
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- 10.
Enterovirus and coxsackievirus are not linked to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because Enterovirus and coxsackievirus have been found to be linked to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Numerous studies have shown that these viruses can trigger an autoimmune response in the body, leading to the destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This connection between viral infections and the development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus has been well-documented in scientific research.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following is true about diagnosis of picornoviruses?
- A.
Need to be grown on chocolate agar plates
- B.
Reverse transcription PCR are often ineffective
- C.
Cell cultures are used
- D.
Season, climate and epidemics are irrelevant
Correct Answer
C. Cell cultures are usedExplanation
Cell cultures are used for the diagnosis of picornoviruses. This is because picornoviruses can be grown in cell cultures, allowing for their detection and identification. Cell cultures provide an environment where the viruses can replicate and cause characteristic changes in the cells, which can be observed and used for diagnosis. Other methods, such as reverse transcription PCR, may also be used in conjunction with cell cultures to confirm the presence of picornoviruses. Season, climate, and epidemics are not relevant to the diagnosis of picornoviruses.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A pt presents with polio infection which of the following is the best treatment?
- A.
Antiviral drug therapy
- B.
Salk vaccine IV
- C.
Sabin vaccine PO
- D.
Immunoglobulin injections
Correct Answer
D. Immunoglobulin injectionsExplanation
Immunoglobulin injections are the best treatment for a patient presenting with polio infection. Polio is caused by a virus, and antiviral drug therapy may not be effective against it. The Salk vaccine is administered intramuscularly and provides long-term immunity, but it is used for prevention rather than treatment. The Sabin vaccine is given orally and is also used for prevention. Immunoglobulin injections contain antibodies that can help fight off the virus and provide temporary protection. Therefore, immunoglobulin injections are the most appropriate treatment option in this case.Rate this question:
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- 13.
A patient presents with a mild upper respiratory illness. The most common cause of this acute illness is ?
- A.
Poliovirus
- B.
Rhinovirus
- C.
Coxsackievirus
- D.
Arbovirus
Correct Answer
B. RhinovirusExplanation
Rhinovirus is the most common cause of mild upper respiratory illnesses. Rhinoviruses are a type of virus that infect the nose and throat, leading to symptoms such as a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, and cough. They are responsible for the majority of common cold cases and are highly contagious, spreading easily from person to person through respiratory droplets.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Rhinovirus can infect with which of the following conditions
- A.
Aerosol and direct contact
- B.
Fecal oral route
- C.
Small inoculum
- D.
A & C
- E.
Insect bite
Correct Answer
D. A & CExplanation
Rhinovirus can infect through aerosol transmission, which occurs when infected droplets are released into the air and inhaled by others, and direct contact, which involves physical contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces. Additionally, rhinovirus is known to be able to infect with a small inoculum, meaning that only a small amount of the virus is needed to cause an infection. Therefore, the correct answer is A & C.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which receptors must rhinovirus bind to to cause infection
- A.
ICAM1 and CD155
- B.
PVR and VLDL
- C.
VLDL and ICAM1
- D.
PVR and CD155
Correct Answer
C. VLDL and ICAM1Explanation
The correct answer is VLDL and ICAM1. Rhinovirus, a common cause of the common cold, must bind to specific receptors on the surface of host cells in order to infect them. In this case, the virus binds to two receptors: VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) and ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1). These receptors play a crucial role in the entry of the virus into the host cell, allowing it to replicate and cause infection.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which similarity is shared between polivirus and rhinovirus
- A.
Need to bind to receptors to replicate
- B.
Cause host tissue damage
- C.
Tropism for posterior pharynx
- D.
A & B
Correct Answer
A. Need to bind to receptors to replicateExplanation
Both poliovirus and rhinovirus share the similarity of needing to bind to receptors in order to replicate. This means that both viruses require specific receptors on host cells to attach to and enter the cells, allowing them to replicate and cause infection. This similarity is crucial for the viruses' ability to infect and replicate within the host.Rate this question:
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- 17.
VLDL is the receptor for major serotypes if rhinovirus infection
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
for minorRate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following treatments are used for rhinoviruses?
- A.
Antivirals/ nasal sprays
- B.
Sabin/ salk vaccine
- C.
Self limiting, no drug therapy available
- D.
Heat to 30 degrees celcius
Correct Answer
A. Antivirals/ nasal spraysExplanation
Antivirals and nasal sprays are used as treatments for rhinoviruses. Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of the common cold, and these treatments can help alleviate symptoms and reduce the duration of the illness. Antivirals work by inhibiting the replication of the virus, while nasal sprays can help relieve congestion and reduce inflammation in the nasal passages. These treatments can provide relief and help individuals recover from rhinovirus infections.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Rhinovirus shows tropism for the intestinal tract
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
for the posterior pharynxRate this question:
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- 20.
Which virus causes SARS?
- A.
Rhinovirus
- B.
Coronavirus
- C.
Arbovirus
- D.
None of the aboce
Correct Answer
B. CoronavirusExplanation
The virus that causes SARS is a coronavirus. Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause respiratory illnesses in humans. SARS, which stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, is a viral respiratory illness that emerged in 2002. It is caused by a specific type of coronavirus known as SARS-CoV. This virus is believed to have originated in bats and was transmitted to humans through an intermediate animal host, possibly civet cats. SARS-CoV can cause severe symptoms such as fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, and it can be transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which property allows corona virus to mutate and adapt during epidemics?
- A.
Ingested in contaminated foods
- B.
MRNA synthesized in short templates
- C.
DNA is incorporated into hosts DNA
- D.
DNA polymerase jumps templates and causes erros
Correct Answer
B. MRNA synthesized in short templatesExplanation
The property that allows the coronavirus to mutate and adapt during epidemics is the synthesis of mRNA in short templates. This means that the virus can generate multiple versions of its genetic material, increasing the chances of mutations occurring. These mutations can lead to changes in the virus's characteristics, such as its ability to infect new hosts or evade the immune system.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following is true about arboviruses?
- A.
Excludes bunyaviridae
- B.
Can cause asymptomatic infection
- C.
Spread by aerosols
- D.
Rarely spread by insect bites
Correct Answer
B. Can cause asymptomatic infectionExplanation
Arboviruses can cause asymptomatic infections, meaning that individuals infected with these viruses may not show any symptoms of the disease. This is one of the characteristics of arboviruses, which are a group of viruses transmitted to humans through arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies. While some individuals may develop symptoms like fever, headache, and rash, others may remain asymptomatic. It is important to note that arboviruses can also cause severe diseases such as dengue fever, Zika virus infection, and West Nile fever.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following conditions is most likely to reduce arbovirus infections?
- A.
Virus spreading to salivary glands of insect
- B.
Asymptomatic carriers
- C.
Warm climates
- D.
Cold climate
Correct Answer
D. Cold climateExplanation
Cold climate is most likely to reduce arbovirus infections because arboviruses are primarily transmitted by insects such as mosquitoes, which are less active in colder temperatures. In cold climates, the mosquito population decreases, reducing the chances of arbovirus transmission. Additionally, cold temperatures can also affect the replication and survival of arboviruses, further reducing the risk of infection.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following is a site of entrance for arboviruses but not enteroviruses?
- A.
Capillaries
- B.
Ingestion
- C.
CNS
- D.
Intestines
Correct Answer
A. CapillariesExplanation
Arboviruses are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks. After the bite, the virus enters the bloodstream through the capillaries at the site of the bite. Enteroviruses, on the other hand, are transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water. The central nervous system (CNS) and intestines can be affected by both arboviruses and enteroviruses, but the capillaries are specifically the site of entrance for arboviruses.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following is not caused by arboviruses?
- A.
SARS
- B.
WNV
- C.
Hemorraghic fever
- D.
Rash and arthritis
Correct Answer
A. SARSExplanation
caused by corona virusRate this question:
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- 26.
Togovirus may be responsible for which of the following conditions?
- A.
Encephalitis
- B.
Rash and arthritis
- C.
Dengue
- D.
Yellow fever
Correct Answer
B. Rash and arthritisExplanation
Togovirus may be responsible for causing rash and arthritis. This virus belongs to the genus Orthobunyavirus and is transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. It is known to cause diseases such as Rift Valley fever and Oropouche fever, both of which are characterized by symptoms like rash and arthritis. Therefore, it is likely that Togovirus can also cause these conditions.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Flaviviridae may be the most likely cause of which of the following
- A.
Encephalitis
- B.
West nile
- C.
Dengue fever
- D.
A & B
- E.
B & C
Correct Answer
D. A & BExplanation
Flaviviridae is a family of viruses that includes several members known to cause encephalitis, such as the West Nile virus. Additionally, Flaviviridae also includes viruses that cause dengue fever. Therefore, the correct answer is A & B, meaning that Flaviviridae may be the most likely cause of both encephalitis and West Nile virus.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following is the most common arbovirus induced disease worldwide?
- A.
Japanese encephalitis
- B.
West nile virus
- C.
Yellow fever
- D.
Dengue fever
Correct Answer
D. Dengue feverExplanation
Dengue fever is the most common arbovirus induced disease worldwide. It is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. Dengue fever is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in urban areas. Symptoms of dengue fever include high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding. In severe cases, it can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be life-threatening. Due to its widespread distribution and high number of cases, dengue fever is considered the most common arbovirus induced disease globally.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Exposure to dengue fever serotype provides lifelong immunity
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Exposure to a specific serotype of dengue fever does provide lifelong immunity. This is because once a person is infected with a particular serotype, their immune system develops antibodies that specifically target that serotype. These antibodies remain in the person's system and provide protection against future infections of the same serotype. However, it is important to note that exposure to one serotype does not provide immunity against the other three serotypes of dengue fever, and subsequent infections with different serotypes can still occur.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Poliviruses and arboviruses can cause flaccid paralysis
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Polioviruses and arboviruses are known to cause flaccid paralysis. Polioviruses primarily affect the central nervous system and can lead to muscle weakness and paralysis. Arboviruses, on the other hand, are transmitted by arthropods such as mosquitoes and can cause various neurological symptoms, including flaccid paralysis. Therefore, it is true that both polioviruses and arboviruses can cause flaccid paralysis.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Arbovirus damage can be described by which of the following statements?
- A.
Tissue damage can be reversed by antitoxins
- B.
May target neurons or the liver
- C.
Dengue fever targets mononuclear cells
- D.
Yellow fever creates cross reacting antibodies
Correct Answer
B. May target neurons or the liverExplanation
Arboviruses are a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, such as mosquitoes and ticks. The given statement suggests that arboviruses have the ability to target neurons or the liver in the body. This means that these viruses can specifically infect and cause damage to these organs. This is a characteristic feature of arbovirus infections, as they can affect different tissues and organs in the body. The statement does not mention anything about tissue damage being reversible by antitoxins, dengue fever targeting mononuclear cells, or yellow fever creating cross-reacting antibodies.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The best treatment for arboviruses is prevention
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement "the best treatment for arboviruses is prevention" is true because there are currently no specific antiviral treatments available for most arboviruses. Therefore, the most effective approach is to prevent the transmission of these viruses by taking preventive measures such as using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites. This can significantly reduce the risk of contracting arboviral infections.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 28, 2010Quiz Created by
Chinedua
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