Medieval Times

Explanation
The period of European history between ancient and modern times is commonly referred to as the Middle Ages or Medieval times. This era is characterized by the decline of the Roman Empire, the rise of feudalism, and the dominance of the Catholic Church. It was a time of significant social, political, and cultural changes, including the development of chivalry, the Crusades, and the emergence of Gothic architecture. The term "Middle Ages" is widely used to describe this period due to its intermediate position between the classical civilizations of ancient times and the Renaissance of the modern era.

Explanation
The middle ages began after the collapse of the Roman Empire. This event marked the end of the ancient period and the beginning of a new era in European history. The fall of the Roman Empire led to significant political, social, and cultural changes, including the rise of feudalism and the emergence of new kingdoms and empires. The middle ages is characterized by a decentralized political system, the dominance of the Catholic Church, and a focus on agriculture and rural life.

Explanation
The Roman Empire became too large and difficult to govern efficiently, so it was divided into two parts: the Western Empire and the Eastern Empire. This division was done to better manage the vast territories and ensure effective governance. The Western Empire encompassed regions such as Italy, Gaul, and Spain, while the Eastern Empire included territories like Greece, Egypt, and Anatolia. This division eventually led to the decline and fall of the Western Empire, while the Eastern Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, continued to thrive for several more centuries.

Explanation
During the time of the Roman Empire, the Western Emperor was indeed based in Rome and had control over various western lands including Italy, France, Spain, England, and others. On the other hand, the Eastern Emperor was based in Constantinople (now known as Istanbul) and ruled over regions such as Greece, Turkey, the Balkan Peninsula, and the Middle East, which was commonly referred to as the Byzantine Empire.

Explanation
The term "barbarians" was used historically to refer to foreigners or people from different cultures who were seen as uncivilized or uncultured by those who considered themselves more advanced or superior. This term was often used to label and marginalize people who were perceived as different or unfamiliar.

Explanation
The question asks about the oldest English language that was established from the formation of the groups mentioned. The information provided states that the Angels and the Saxons invaded Britain and spoke their respective languages. Therefore, the correct answer is Old English, as it was the language that developed from the merging of these two groups' languages.

Explanation
During the time when the Christian church was growing, early Christians referred to barbarians and non-Christians as "heathens." This term was used to describe those who did not follow the Christian faith and were seen as outsiders or non-believers. The term "heathens" was commonly used to emphasize the perceived lack of morality or religious beliefs in these individuals, according to the early Christian perspective.

Explanation
The correct answer is Catholic because the Western Church, which spoke Latin and became wealthy, is commonly referred to as the Catholic Church. The conflicts that developed between the Eastern and Western Church were part of the larger schism that eventually led to the split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

Explanation
They were highly educated and were also responsible for the detailed history we have from this period.

Explanation
Lots of children died in infancy during this period of time.

Explanation
During the Middle Ages, Europe was indeed frequently attacked by Vikings or Norsemen. These Viking warriors were known for their strength and ability to command large fighting forces, making them a formidable threat. They would often raid coastal areas and even venture inland, causing widespread destruction and terror. In some cases, these Viking leaders were able to establish themselves as kings, ruling over the territories they had conquered. Therefore, the statement that Vikings frequently attacked Europe and also became kings is true.

Explanation
Feudalism is the correct answer because it accurately describes the system in which kings owned land and granted parcels of land to nobles, who in turn pledged military service to their kings. The nobles then made arrangements with lesser vassals, creating a hierarchical structure where the more powerful vassals became lords. This system, known as feudalism, was prevalent during the Middle Ages in Europe.

Explanation
Tennis, croquet, and bowling were indeed sports from the middle ages. These sports have a long history and were played during the medieval period. Tennis, known as "real tennis" in the middle ages, was played by the nobility. Croquet, although not exactly the same as the modern version, was played as a lawn game in medieval times. Bowling, in various forms, has been played for centuries and was also popular during the middle ages. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation
During the medieval period, the Roman Catholic Church held immense power and wealth. It was considered equal to that of kings and emperors. The Church had significant influence over the political, social, and economic aspects of society. It controlled vast amounts of land, collected tithes from the people, and had the authority to appoint and remove rulers. The Church's power and wealth allowed it to exert control over both the spiritual and temporal realms, making it a dominant force alongside kings and emperors.

Explanation
St. Francis is known for his devotion to serving God and his renunciation of worldly possessions. He famously gave up all his wealth and embraced a life of poverty and simplicity in order to dedicate himself fully to his faith. St. Francis is often revered as a saint and a symbol of selflessness and devotion to God.

Explanation
When the King of Anglo-Saxon died with no heir, the Anglo-Saxons appointed Harold Goodwinson to be King. However, William the Conqueror, who was in France, also desired the position of King. Therefore, William the Conqueror is the correct answer.

Explanation
William also created the Domesday Book which was basically the first census which kept track of who owned what land so he could collect taxes.

Explanation
He was also responsible for creating the court system that works for us today including jury trial, appeals and higher courts. He also established that the king was the supreme leader and over all feudal lords of England.

Explanation
The Magna Carta was created to limit the king's power in European history. It was a document signed by King John of England in 1215, which established certain rights and liberties for the nobles and limited the monarch's authority. The Magna Carta is considered a foundational document in the development of constitutional law and individual rights, as it established the principle that the king was not above the law and that the rights of the people should be protected.

Explanation
The statement conflates two historical events that occurred around the same period but are unrelated. The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France over claims to the French throne. This war concluded with the French recapturing Bordeaux in 1453, effectively ending English territorial ambitions in France. The fall of Constantinople did occur in 1453, but it was unrelated to the Hundred Years' War. The city was captured by the Ottoman Turks under Sultan Mehmed II on May 29, 1453. This event marked the end of the Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, and had significant implications for the spread of the Ottoman Empire but did not involve the Hundred Years' War.