Hypertension

Ventricular tachycardia; stroke; atherosclerosis

End organ damage; pulmonary oedema; thrombosis

Target organ damage; transient ischemic attack; retinopathy

Decrease cardiac output; decrease total peripheral resistance

Decrease cardiac output; decrease total blood volume

Decrease total peripheral resistance; decrease total blood volume

Decrease CO, decrease renin release, decrease sympathetic activity; propranolol, atenolol

Decrease CO, decrease renin release, increase sympathetic activity; salmeterol, salbutamol

Decrease CO, increase aldosterone release, increase parasympathetic activity; propranolol; salmeterol

Mimic ACE, preventing angiotensin 1 conversion to angiotensin 2; captopril (mimics AT2)

Inhibit ACE, preventing angiotensin 1 conversion to angiotensin 2; captopril (mimics AT1)

Inhibit renin, preventing angiotensinogen converstion to angiotensin 1; verapamil (inhibits ACE)

Block channel, stopping Ca entry assc with depolarisation; dihydropyridines e.g. verapamil are peripheral vasodilators; non-dihydropyridines e.g. nifedipine are equipotent for cardiac muscle and vasculature, reduce ionotropism (force of muscle contraction)

Block channel, stopping Ca entry assc with repolarisation; dihydropyridines e.g. niedipine are peripheral vasodilators; non-dihydropyridines e.g. verapamil are equipotent for cardiac muscle and vasculature, increase ionotropism (force of muscle contraction)

Block channel, stopping Ca entry assc with depolarisation; dihydropyridines e.g. verapamil are peripheral vasoconstrictors; non-dihydropyridines e.g. nifedipine are equipotent for cardiac muscle and vasculature, reduce ionotropism (force of muscle contraction)

Antagonism at postsynaptic alpha adrenoceptors, preventing Adr, preventing vasoconstriction; verapamil

Antagonism at postsynaptic alpha adrenoceptors, preventing NAdr, preventing vasoconstriction; prazocin

Antagonism at presynaptic alpha adrenoceptors, preventing Adr, preventing vasodilation; prazocin