Environmental Science, Chapter 10, Section 2.

1.

The following grains are among the world's major food crops except...
- A.
  
  Wheat
- B.
  
  Soybean
- C.
  
  Rice
- D.
  
  Corn
- E.
  
  All of these answers are grains that are major food crops.
Correct Answer
B. Soybean

Explanation
The given question asks for the grain that is not among the world's major food crops. The options include wheat, soybean, rice, and corn. The correct answer is soybean because it is not classified as a grain but rather as a legume. Wheat, rice, and corn are all grains that are widely cultivated and consumed as staple foods around the world.

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2.

Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developing countries?
- A.
  
  Plantation agriculture
- B.
  
  Traditional agriculture
- C.
  
  Industrialized agriculture
- D.
  
  Minimum-tillage agriculture
- E.
  
  High-input agriculture
Correct Answer
B. Traditional agriculture

Explanation
Traditional agriculture is most characteristic of developing countries because it involves the use of traditional methods and tools, such as hand tools and animal power, rather than modern machinery and technology. Developing countries often have limited access to advanced agricultural practices and resources, leading to a reliance on traditional methods. Traditional agriculture also tends to be small-scale and subsistence-based, with farmers growing crops for their own consumption rather than for commercial purposes. This type of agriculture is often practiced in rural areas where the majority of the population is engaged in farming and has a strong connection to the land and traditional farming practices.

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3.

All of the following crops are commonly grown in plantation agiculture except...
- A.
  
  Corn
- B.
  
  Bananas
- C.
  
  Palm oil
- D.
  
  Coffee
- E.
  
  Sugarcane
Correct Answer
A. Corn
4.

The majority of soil organic matter is concentrated in the
- A.
  
  O horizon of leaf litter
- B.
  
  A horizon of topsoil
- C.
  
  O and A horizons
- D.
  
  C horizon
- E.
  
  B horizon
Correct Answer
C. O and A horizons

Explanation
Soil organic matter is primarily derived from decomposed plant and animal materials. The O horizon, also known as the organic horizon or leaf litter layer, is the topmost layer of soil that consists of partially decomposed organic matter such as fallen leaves, twigs, and dead organisms. The A horizon, also known as the topsoil layer, contains a high concentration of organic matter due to the decomposition of plant and animal residues. Therefore, the majority of soil organic matter is concentrated in the O and A horizons.

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5.

What proportion of food products sold in the U.S. supermarket shelves contain some form of genetically engineered crop?
- A.
  
  1/5
- B.
  
  1/3
- C.
  
  1/2
- D.
  
  2/3
- E.
  
  3/4
Correct Answer
E. 3/4

Explanation
Approximately 75% of food products sold in U.S. supermarket shelves contain some form of genetically engineered crop. This means that a large majority of the food items available in supermarkets have been modified through genetic engineering techniques.

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6.

Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developed countries?
- A.
  
  Plantation agriculture
- B.
  
  Traditional agriculture
- C.
  
  Industrialized agriculture
- D.
  
  Minimum-tillage agriculture
- E.
  
  Maximum-tillage agriculture
Correct Answer
C. Industrialized agriculture

Explanation
Industrialized agriculture is the most characteristic type of agriculture in developed countries because it involves the use of advanced technology, machinery, and scientific methods to maximize productivity and efficiency. Developed countries have the resources and infrastructure to invest in these modern agricultural practices, such as large-scale mechanization, genetically modified crops, and precision farming techniques. This type of agriculture allows for high yields, increased production, and the ability to meet the demands of a growing population.

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7.

Which of the following would not be used to describe polyculture?
- A.
  
  Plants mature at various times
- B.
  
  The plot of land is left unmanaged for long periods of time
- C.
  
  Fertilizer use and water uses are reduced
- D.
  
  Pesticides are rarely needed
- E.
  
  It produces higher yields and high-input monocultures
Correct Answer
B. The plot of land is left unmanaged for long periods of time

Explanation
Polyculture refers to a farming practice where different crops are grown together in the same space. It is a form of agriculture that promotes diversity and sustainability. The statement "The plot of land is left unmanaged for long periods of time" does not align with the concept of polyculture. In polyculture, the land is actively managed to ensure the successful growth and interaction of different crops.

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8.

Which of the following associations is incorrect?
- A.
  
  Croplands and grains
- B.
  
  Aquaculture and seafood
- C.
  
  Rangelands and meat
- D.
  
  Feedlots and shellfish
- E.
  
  All of these answers are correct
Correct Answer
D. Feedlots and shellfish

Explanation
The association between feedlots and shellfish is incorrect because feedlots are typically used for the intensive feeding and raising of livestock, such as cattle, while shellfish are aquatic creatures like mollusks and crustaceans that are usually harvested from natural or cultivated beds in bodies of water. There is no direct connection between feedlots and shellfish production.

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9.

Which statement is best fit to describe an aspect of industrialized agriculture?
- A.
  
  Insecticides and herbicides are rarely needed
- B.
  
  Food is produces for global consumption
- C.
  
  Farmers grown several different crops on the same plot simultaneously
- D.
  
  Humans and draft animals provide the labor
- E.
  
  Polyculture is an underlying theme in all operations
Correct Answer
B. Food is produces for global consumption

Explanation
Industrialized agriculture is characterized by large-scale production and distribution of food to meet the demands of a global market. This means that food is produced not just for local consumption, but also to be exported and consumed worldwide. Industrialized agriculture relies on mechanization and modern technologies to increase productivity and efficiency. Insecticides and herbicides are commonly used to control pests and weeds, contradicting the statement that they are rarely needed. The statement about farmers growing several different crops on the same plot simultaneously is more aligned with the concept of diversified farming or mixed cropping, rather than industrialized agriculture. The use of humans and draft animals for labor is less common in industrialized agriculture, which relies heavily on machinery and automation. Polyculture, the practice of growing multiple crops together, is not a predominant theme in industrialized agriculture, which often focuses on monoculture for increased efficiency and standardization.

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10.

Monoculture is a method of growing food taht is utilized soley in
- A.
  
  Industrialized agriculture
- B.
  
  Polyculture
- C.
  
  Traditional subsistence agriculture
- D.
  
  Traditional intensive agriculture
- E.
  
  Both industrialized agriculture and traditional agriculture
Correct Answer
A. Industrialized agriculture

Explanation
Monoculture is a method of growing food that is utilized solely in industrialized agriculture. In this method, a single crop is cultivated on a large scale, often covering extensive areas of land. This approach is commonly seen in modern agricultural practices, where the focus is on maximizing productivity and efficiency. Monoculture allows for easier management, mechanization, and the use of chemical inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides. However, it can also lead to environmental issues, such as soil degradation, increased vulnerability to pests and diseases, and loss of biodiversity.

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Environmental Science, Chapter 10, Section 2.

The following grains are among the world's major food crops except...

Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developing countries?

All of the following crops are commonly grown in plantation agiculture except...

The majority of soil organic matter is concentrated in the

What proportion of food products sold in the U.S. supermarket shelves contain some form of genetically engineered crop?

Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developed countries?

Which of the following would not be used to describe polyculture?

Which of the following associations is incorrect?

Which statement is best fit to describe an aspect of industrialized agriculture?

Monoculture is a method of growing food taht is utilized soley in