A EmancipaÇÃo Da AmÉrica Espanhola

Simon Bolívar and San Martin were two criollos who played significant roles in the wars for the independence of Spanish America. They are considered the "Liberators of America" because they led successful military campaigns and played key roles in the liberation of several countries from Spanish rule. Simon Bolívar, also known as "El Libertador," was a Venezuelan military and political leader who played a crucial role in the independence of several South American countries. Jose de San Martin, an Argentine general, was instrumental in liberating Argentina, Chile, and Peru from Spanish control. Together, Bolívar and San Martin are recognized as key figures in the fight for independence in Spanish America.

The correct answer is "Revolução Francesa e Independência dos Estados Unidos." The process of independence in America was influenced by these two major events. The French Revolution inspired ideas of liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty, which were later reflected in the independence movements in the Americas. The American Revolution, on the other hand, served as a successful example of a colony breaking away from its colonial power and establishing its own independent nation. Both events played a significant role in shaping the aspirations and goals of the independence movements in America.

The correct answer is "Vice-reinado de Corumbá" because Corumbá was not part of the Spanish colonial empire in America. The other vice-royalties mentioned, such as Nova Granada, Nova Espanha, and Rio de La Plata, were all territories that belonged to the Spanish empire during the 16th to 19th centuries.

François Toussaint L'Ouverture was the leader of the movement that led Haiti to its independence from France in 1804. He was a former slave who became a key figure in the Haitian Revolution, successfully leading the enslaved population in a rebellion against their colonial oppressors. L'Ouverture's leadership and military tactics played a crucial role in securing Haiti's independence and establishing it as the first independent Latin American country.

Padre Miguel Hidalgo played a significant role in the Mexican independence process in 1810. He was a leader and one of the key figures in the movement.

The correct answer is "O grande momento vivido pela Espanha, que nesse momento passava por um período de grande prosperidade." This statement does not belong to the internal factors that contributed to the process of independence in Spanish America. The other options, such as the opposition of the natives to the Spaniards, the discontent of the criollos with their marginalization, and the continuation of the commercial monopoly maintained by the Spaniards, are all internal factors that played a role in the independence process.

The correct answer states that the poorer populations still lacked access to land, education, and citizenship after the independence of the Spanish colonies in America. This implies that the social inequalities and disparities that existed before independence were not significantly addressed or resolved. The answer suggests that the independence did not bring about significant social changes or improvements for the marginalized and impoverished populations.

During the period of 1810 to 1815, the preponderant factor for the independence movements in Spanish America was the occupation of Spain by France, which weakened Spanish control over the region. This allowed for the emergence of movements seeking independence, as the Spanish government's authority and influence were significantly diminished. The occupation created a power vacuum that enabled the rebels to challenge Spanish rule and pursue their own aspirations for independence.

Simon Bolívar tinha o sonho de unificar a América após a sua independência e adotar o regime político republicano. Ele acreditava que a união dos países recém-independentes fortaleceria a região e permitiria a criação de uma grande nação americana. Bolívar defendia a ideia de uma república democrática, onde os cidadãos teriam direitos e participação política. Ele via a monarquia absolutista como um regime opressor e a fragmentação em várias repúblicas como um obstáculo para o desenvolvimento e a estabilidade da América. Portanto, a resposta correta é que Bolívar desejava unificar a América e adotar o regime político republicano.

The correct answer is "Muralistas". The explanation for this is that the question mentions that the history of Mexican independence was portrayed by Mexican artists, with Diego Rivera being one of the prominent ones. The term "Muralistas" refers to artists who create murals, and Diego Rivera was known for his large-scale mural paintings that depicted Mexican history and culture. Therefore, it can be inferred that the artists who portrayed the history of Mexican independence were called "Muralistas".