Chapter 6 Foundations In Ed
Foundations in Ed
- 1.
1. The sequence of planned learning experiences described in course guides and syllabi is called
- A.
A. the extra-curriculum or co-curriculum
- B.
B. the formal curriculum or explicit curriculum
- C.
C. the hidden curriculum or implicit curriculum.
- D.
D. the integrated curriculum.
Correct Answer
B. B. the formal curriculum or explicit curriculumExplanation
The correct answer is B. the formal curriculum or explicit curriculum. The formal curriculum refers to the planned learning experiences that are outlined in course guides and syllabi. It is the intended curriculum that is explicitly stated and designed by educational institutions. This includes the content, objectives, and activities that students are expected to engage in during their studies.Rate this question:
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- 2.
2. All of the following statements about the extra-curriculum are true EXCEPT
- A.
A. the most popular extracurricular activities are varsity sports, music, and drama.
- B.
B. students of low socioeconomic status are underrepresented in many programs
- C.
C. students who participate in extracurricular activities have higher SAT scores and grades.
- D.
D. since Title IX, high school boys and girls have participated in varsity sports in equal numbers.
Correct Answer
D. D. since Title IX, high school boys and girls have participated in varsity sports in equal numbers.Explanation
The given answer states that since Title IX, high school boys and girls have participated in varsity sports in equal numbers. However, this statement is not true. Title IX is a federal law that prohibits sex discrimination in education, including athletics. While Title IX has led to increased opportunities for girls to participate in sports, it does not guarantee equal participation numbers between boys and girls in varsity sports. Therefore, option D is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 3.
3. A major difference between the formal and the hidden curriculum is
- A.
A. the hidden curriculum includes controversial content intentionally left out of the formal curriculum.
- B.
B. the formal curriculum operates inside the classroom and the hidden one outside
- C.
C. the formal curriculum produces the same learning outcomes for everyone and the effects of the hidden curriculum vary widely.
- D.
D. the hidden curriculum arises spontaneously from interactions between students and their environments.
Correct Answer
D. D. the hidden curriculum arises spontaneously from interactions between students and their environments.Explanation
The correct answer is D. The hidden curriculum arises spontaneously from interactions between students and their environments. This means that the hidden curriculum refers to the unintended lessons and values that students learn through their experiences in school, outside of the formal curriculum. It is not explicitly taught but is acquired through interactions with peers, teachers, and the school environment. This can include social norms, values, and behaviors that are not part of the official curriculum but are still influential in shaping students' beliefs and attitudes.Rate this question:
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- 4.
4. The formal curriculum of the 17th century was primarily concerned with
- A.
A. reading and arithmetic.
- B.
B. religion and discipline.
- C.
C. religion and reading.
- D.
D. Latin and arithmetic.
Correct Answer
C. C. religion and reading.Explanation
The formal curriculum of the 17th century focused on two main subjects: religion and reading. This was a time when religious education was highly valued and considered essential for moral and spiritual development. Reading was also emphasized as it was necessary for accessing religious texts and scriptures. The curriculum did not prioritize arithmetic or Latin, as these subjects were not considered as important for religious and moral instruction. Therefore, the correct answer is C. religion and reading.Rate this question:
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- 5.
5. In the 1960s, the curriculum emphasized
- A.
A. social issues
- B.
B. technological innovation.
- C.
C. religious fundamentalism
- D.
D. home economics and vocational ed.
Correct Answer
A. A. social issuesExplanation
In the 1960s, the curriculum emphasized social issues. This was a time of significant social change and activism, with movements such as the civil rights movement and the anti-war movement gaining momentum. Education during this period aimed to address these pressing social issues and promote social awareness and activism among students. This emphasis on social issues in the curriculum reflected the broader cultural and political climate of the time.Rate this question:
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- 6.
6. The strong emphasis on the basics and academics during the 1980s was due to
- A.
A. although a popular idea, the jury is still out on the effectiveness of computers in schools.
- B.
B. having more computers in a classroom decreases discipline problems
- C.
C. computers deepen student understanding of concepts and improve critical thinking skills.
- D.
D. Americans underestimate the power of technology.
Correct Answer
A. A. although a popular idea, the jury is still out on the effectiveness of computers in schools. -
- 7.
7. Which of the following would be LEAST supported by the back-to-basics movement?
- A.
A. using instructional procedures that stress drill, homework, and frequent testing
- B.
B. permitting fewer electives
- C.
C. incorporating demanding programs that meet the interests of students
- D.
D. need to improve test scores
Correct Answer
C. C. incorporating demanding programs that meet the interests of studentsExplanation
The back-to-basics movement emphasizes a return to traditional teaching methods, focusing on drill, homework, and frequent testing. It also supports the idea of fewer electives, as they may be seen as distractions from core subjects. However, incorporating demanding programs that meet the interests of students goes against the idea of a standardized curriculum and may be seen as a deviation from the back-to-basics approach.Rate this question:
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- 8.
8. The educational approach that best fits an emphasis on cultural literacy as advanced by E. D. Hirsch, Jr., is
- A.
A. an individualized education plan (IEP) that stresses the development of all the eight intelligences discussed by Gardner
- B.
B. an approach in which the contributions of various racial and ethnic groups, as well as their "world view," is included in the curriculum.
- C.
C. a curriculum that details the facts and concepts that every educated American should know
- D.
D. a program that focuses on the importance of reading and writing for all Americans, and emphasizes the elimination of adult illiteracy.
Correct Answer
C. C. a curriculum that details the facts and concepts that every educated American should knowExplanation
The correct answer is C because E. D. Hirsch, Jr. advocates for cultural literacy, which refers to the knowledge of the facts and concepts that are essential for an educated individual. This approach emphasizes the importance of teaching students the shared knowledge and cultural references that are necessary for effective communication and understanding in society. It focuses on providing a comprehensive curriculum that covers the essential information that every educated American should be familiar with.Rate this question:
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- 9.
9. Research on the effectiveness of computers in education shows that
- A.
A. although a popular idea, the jury is still out on the effectiveness of computers in schools
- B.
B. having more computers in a classroom decreases discipline problems.
- C.
C. computers deepen student understanding of concepts and improve critical thinking skills
- D.
D. Americans underestimate the power of technology
Correct Answer
A. A. although a popular idea, the jury is still out on the effectiveness of computers in schoolsExplanation
Research on the effectiveness of computers in education has not yet reached a definitive conclusion. While it is a popular idea to believe that computers improve education, the jury is still out on whether they are truly effective in schools. This suggests that there is ongoing debate and uncertainty regarding the impact of computers in education.Rate this question:
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- 10.
10. Teachers shape the curriculum by
- A.
A. their membership in professional associations, which typically assume a major role in writing critical curricular units.
- B.
B. their active participation on editorial boards, where committees of teachers write most of the textbooks and produce many of the videos used in today's classrooms.
- C.
C. their participation on the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, which evaluates the quality and appropriateness of school texts
- D.
D. supplementing an official curriculum with other materials and objectives.
Correct Answer
D. D. supplementing an official curriculum with other materials and objectives.Explanation
Teachers shape the curriculum by supplementing an official curriculum with other materials and objectives. This means that teachers have the ability to add additional resources and goals to the established curriculum. They can bring in outside materials, such as books, articles, or videos, that enhance and expand upon the topics being taught. Teachers can also set their own objectives and learning outcomes that align with the needs and interests of their students. By doing so, teachers have the power to tailor the curriculum to meet the specific needs of their students and create a more engaging and effective learning experience.Rate this question:
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- 11.
11. The state government influences curriculum by
- A.
A. funding the FCAB, which sponsors curriculum development offices in school districts nationwide.
- B.
B. sponsoring standards and standardized testing
- C.
C. providing incentives for schools to use certain books endorsed by the state Departments of Education (although the final decision as to which book to use still remains a local choice).
- D.
D. conducting unannounced surprise inspections of schools and classrooms.
Correct Answer
B. B. sponsoring standards and standardized testingExplanation
The state government influences curriculum by sponsoring standards and standardized testing. This means that the government sets guidelines and expectations for what students should learn and be able to do at each grade level. They also require schools to administer standardized tests to assess student performance and hold schools accountable for meeting these standards. This helps ensure consistency and quality in education across the state.Rate this question:
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- 12.
12. Textbook adoption states
- A.
A. are common in the South.
- B.
B. mainly follow the lead of New York and Connecticut.
- C.
C. have declined from more than 20 in 1990 to fewer than 10 today
- D.
D. jointly agree on a single textbook in each subject area
Correct Answer
A. A. are common in the South.Explanation
The correct answer is A. Textbook adoption states are common in the South. This means that in the southern states of the country, it is common for educational institutions to adopt specific textbooks for use in their classrooms. This suggests that there may be a regional trend or tradition of selecting textbooks in the South, as opposed to other parts of the country. The other answer choices do not provide any information about the frequency or location of textbook adoption states.Rate this question:
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- 13.
13. Advantages of the statewide adoption process include all of the following benefits EXCEPT
- A.
A. a common statewide curriculum, useful for a mobile student population
- B.
B. less expensive texts
- C.
C. more options for teachers at the local level
- D.
D. saves time and work for teachers at the local level
Correct Answer
C. C. more options for teachers at the local levelExplanation
The statewide adoption process offers several advantages, such as a common statewide curriculum that is beneficial for a mobile student population. It also provides less expensive texts and saves time and work for teachers at the local level. However, it does not offer more options for teachers at the local level. This means that the statewide adoption process may limit the flexibility and autonomy of teachers in choosing instructional materials and resources.Rate this question:
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- 14.
14. The two states that are most influential in the state adoption process are
- A.
A. Texas and California.
- B.
B. California and Illinois
- C.
C. Illinois and New York.
- D.
D. Texas and New York.
Correct Answer
A. A. Texas and California.Explanation
The correct answer is A. Texas and California. These two states, Texas and California, have the largest populations and economies in the United States. They also have significant political influence and are often considered trendsetters in various policy areas. Therefore, their decisions and actions regarding state adoption processes are likely to have a significant impact on other states.Rate this question:
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- 15.
15. A textbook covers 20th century U.S. history without mentioning the continuing struggle for civil rights, and pictures throughout the text portray only harmonious race relations. This is an example of bias called
- A.
A. unreality.
- B.
B. fragmentation.
- C.
C. imbalance.
- D.
D. stereotyping.
Correct Answer
A. A. unreality.Explanation
The correct answer is A. unreality. This is because the textbook is presenting a distorted and incomplete view of 20th century U.S. history by omitting the continuing struggle for civil rights and portraying only harmonious race relations. This bias creates a false sense of reality and fails to acknowledge the challenges and ongoing fight for equality that occurred during this time period.Rate this question:
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- 16.
16. A textbook uses “he” and “mankind” to refer to all people. This is an example of bias called
- A.
A. stereotyping.
- B.
B. linguistic bias.
- C.
C. imbalance
- D.
D. unreality.
Correct Answer
B. B. linguistic bias.Explanation
The use of "he" and "mankind" to refer to all people in a textbook demonstrates a bias known as linguistic bias. This bias occurs when language is used in a way that favors one gender or group over another. In this case, the use of male pronouns and gendered language excludes and marginalizes women and other gender identities, reinforcing the idea that men are the default or norm. This type of bias can perpetuate stereotypes and contribute to gender inequality.Rate this question:
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- 17.
17. Proposed content standards were quite controversial in which content area?
- A.
A. math.
- B.
B. history.
- C.
C. science.
- D.
D. all of the answers
Correct Answer
B. B. history.Explanation
The proposed content standards were controversial specifically in the content area of history.Rate this question:
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- 18.
18. The push for more testing
- A.
A. embraces new opportunity-to-learn standards.
- B.
B. has helped to decrease school dropouts
- C.
C. troubles those who fear the tests discriminate against male students
- D.
D. concerns those who protest the use of class time for test preparation.
Correct Answer
D. D. concerns those who protest the use of class time for test preparation.Explanation
The correct answer is D. concerns those who protest the use of class time for test preparation. This is because the push for more testing in schools can lead to a significant amount of class time being dedicated to test preparation rather than other educational activities. Some individuals believe that this focus on test preparation takes away from valuable learning opportunities and can be detrimental to students' overall education.Rate this question:
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- 19.
19. Your school is changing some policies to meet the demands of No Child Left Behind. Which of the following would NOT meet federal NCLB requirements?
- A.
A. Ensuring that students have the right to pray in school.
- B.
B. Holding Boy Scout meetings at the school despite concerns that the Scouts discriminate against homosexuals.
- C.
C. Offering low-cost after-school tutoring to students in underperforming schools
- D.
D. Providing military recruiters with private student records.
Correct Answer
C. C. Offering low-cost after-school tutoring to students in underperforming schoolsExplanation
The correct answer is C because offering low-cost after-school tutoring to students in underperforming schools would actually meet federal NCLB requirements. The No Child Left Behind Act requires schools to provide supplemental educational services, such as tutoring, to students in underperforming schools. Therefore, this option would meet the demands of NCLB.Rate this question:
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- 20.
20. High-stakes testing has been criticized for
- A.
A. subjecting students to a national standard passing score for high school graduation
- B.
B. requiring authentic assessment of student knowledge
- C.
C. failing to consistently correlate with other measures of student learning
- D.
D. promoting a national standardized curriculum.
Correct Answer
C. C. failing to consistently correlate with other measures of student learningExplanation
High-stakes testing has been criticized because it does not consistently align or correlate with other measures of student learning. This means that the results of these tests may not accurately reflect a student's true knowledge and abilities. In other words, a student may perform well on a high-stakes test but struggle in other areas of learning, or vice versa. This lack of correlation raises concerns about the validity and reliability of high-stakes testing as an accurate measure of student achievement.Rate this question:
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- 21.
21. A scientific “theory,” such as the theory of evolution, is
- A.
A. a scientific guess or hunch.
- B.
B. often a political position and unrelated to science
- C.
C. a thoroughly tested belief unlikely to change
- D.
D. a hypothesis likely to change
Correct Answer
C. C. a thoroughly tested belief unlikely to changeExplanation
A scientific "theory," such as the theory of evolution, is a thoroughly tested belief unlikely to change. This means that a scientific theory is not simply a guess or hunch, as stated in option A. It is also not a political position unrelated to science, as stated in option B. Additionally, it is not a hypothesis likely to change, as stated in option D. Instead, a scientific theory is based on extensive research, experimentation, and evidence, and is considered to be a well-established explanation for a phenomenon in the scientific community.Rate this question:
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- 22.
22. “Intelligent design”
- A.
A. competes with the theory of evolution, and most people believe that ideas that contradict evolution have no place in the schoolroom.
- B.
B. offers a clear scientific position that is devoid of political or religious beliefs
- C.
C. is a thoroughly tested belief unlikely to change
- D.
D. credits an unnamed intelligence for aspects of nature unexplained by science.
Correct Answer
D. D. credits an unnamed intelligence for aspects of nature unexplained by science.Explanation
"Intelligent design" is a belief that attributes certain aspects of nature to an unnamed intelligence that cannot be explained by science. This implies that there is an entity or force behind the design and creation of the natural world that goes beyond scientific explanations.Rate this question:
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- 23.
23. The main point of The Saber Tooth Curriculum is that
- A.
A. unless students have a key role in curriculum development, the curriculum cannot meet contemporary needs.
- B.
B. unless teachers have a key role in curriculum development, the curriculum cannot meet contemporary needs.
- C.
C. slavish devotion to the content of past times can result in a curriculum obsolete for contemporary realities.
- D.
D. as long as the basal reader dominates the curriculum, a truly individualized curriculum can never become a reality
Correct Answer
C. C. slavish devotion to the content of past times can result in a curriculum obsolete for contemporary realities.Explanation
The main point of The Saber Tooth Curriculum is that a curriculum that blindly adheres to outdated content can become irrelevant in today's world. This suggests that it is important to adapt and update the curriculum to meet the needs of contemporary society. The book argues against a rigid and traditional approach to education, emphasizing the importance of incorporating relevant and current information into the curriculum. By choosing option C, it implies that the book highlights the negative consequences of a curriculum that is not responsive to the changing times.Rate this question:
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- 24.
24. One of the criticisms of the textbook industry is the tendency to include a great deal of content in a superficial way. This is known as the
- A.
A. flip phenomenon.
- B.
B. mentioning phenomenon.
- C.
C. dumbing-down of the textbook
- D.
D. bias method
Correct Answer
A. A. flip phenomenon.Explanation
The correct answer is A. flip phenomenon. The flip phenomenon refers to the tendency of textbook publishers to include a large amount of content in a superficial or shallow way. This means that important concepts and ideas are not thoroughly explained or explored, leading to a lack of depth in the content provided by the textbook. This criticism suggests that textbooks may not provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.Rate this question:
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- 25.
25. In the era of No Child Left Behind, evidence shows that for many schools, teaching is being redefined as ____________ preparation?
- A.
A. life
- B.
B. vocational
- C.
C. college
- D.
D. test
Correct Answer
D. D. testExplanation
In the era of No Child Left Behind, teaching is being redefined as test preparation. This is supported by evidence that shows many schools focusing heavily on preparing students for standardized tests. The No Child Left Behind legislation implemented a system of accountability based on test scores, which led to an increased emphasis on test preparation in schools. This shift in focus has resulted in teaching being seen as a means to achieve high test scores rather than a holistic approach to education.Rate this question:
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- 26.
26. Standardized tests are popular for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
- A.
A. relatively straightforward way to monitor performance
- B.
B. clear numerical results that can be communicated
- C.
C. reflects actual student talents and performance
- D.
D. relative ease of implementation
Correct Answer
C. C. reflects actual student talents and performanceExplanation
Standardized tests are popular because they provide a relatively straightforward way to monitor performance and produce clear numerical results that can be easily communicated. They are also popular due to their relative ease of implementation. However, standardized tests are not designed to reflect actual student talents and performance accurately. They tend to focus on a narrow range of skills and knowledge, which may not capture the full potential of individual students.Rate this question:
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