Chapter 36 Microbiology
- 1.
When a disease maintains a relatively steady, low-level frequency at a moderately regular interval, it is called
- A.
Sporadic
- B.
Hyperendemic
- C.
Endemic
- D.
An epidemic.
Correct Answer
C. Endemic -
- 2.
The sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease above the expected level is called
- A.
Sporadic.
- B.
Hyperendemic.
- C.
Endemic
- D.
An epidemic.
Correct Answer
D. An epidemic. -
- 3.
The first case in an epidemic is called the
- A.
Break case.
- B.
Index case.
- C.
prime case.
- D.
Alpha case.
Correct Answer
B. Index case. -
- 4.
A(n) __________ is an increase in disease occurrence within a large population over a very wide region (usually the world).
- A.
Endemic
- B.
Pandemic
- C.
Epidemic
- D.
Sporadic disease
Correct Answer
B. Pandemic -
- 5.
The sudden, unexpected occurrence of a disease in a limited segment of a population is called a(n)
- A.
Outbreak
- B.
Incident
- C.
Epidemic
- D.
Sporadic disease.
Correct Answer
A. Outbreak -
- 6.
Diseases of animals that can be transmitted to humans are called
- A.
animal and human diseases.
- B.
Zoonoses.
- C.
Communicable diseases.
- D.
contagious diseases.
Correct Answer
B. Zoonoses. -
- 7.
The first epidemiologist was
- A.
Robert Koch.
- B.
Louis Pasteur.
- C.
John Snow.
- D.
Edward Jenner.
Correct Answer
C. John Snow. -
- 8.
Which of the following is the major focus of epidemiologists?
- A.
The discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence
- B.
The development of methods for disease prevention
- C.
Measuring the level of resistance to antimicrobial agents
- D.
Both the discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence and the development of methods for disease prevention
- E.
Both the discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence and measuring the level of resistance to antimicrobial agents
- F.
both the development of methods for disease prevention and measuring the level of resistance to antimicrobial agents
Correct Answer
D. Both the discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence and the development of methods for disease prevention -
- 9.
An epidemic is
- A.
a disease that maintains a steady low level frequency.
- B.
When a disease occurs occasionally and at erratic intervals in the human population.
- C.
A sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease above the expected level.
- D.
A sudden unexpected occurrence of a disease in a limited segment of a population.
Correct Answer
C. A sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease above the expected level. -
- 10.
Living transmitters of an infectious organism from one host to another are called __________.
Correct Answer
vectors - 11.
The science of epidemiology
- A.
Evaluates the control of disease in a defined population.
- B.
Evolved in relation to the great epidemic diseases.
- C.
Embraces all diseases.
- D.
All of these
Correct Answer
D. All of these -
- 12.
After an infectious disease has been identified in a population, the next step is to correlate the disease outbreak with a specific organism.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 13.
Surveillance of health issues is typically accomplished by two methods: population surveys and antibiotic treatment.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 14.
Public health surveillance is the proactive evaluation of
- A.
Genetic background.
- B.
environmental conditions.
- C.
Human behaviors and lifestyle choices.
- D.
Emerging infectious agents.
- E.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
E. All of the choices -
- 15.
The cause of a disease is referred to as the disease __________.
Correct Answer
etiology - 16.
A __________ rate measures the number of individuals who become ill as a result of a specific disease within a susceptible population during a specific time period.
- A.
Prevalence
- B.
Morbidity
- C.
Mortality
- D.
Index
Correct Answer
B. Morbidity -
- 17.
The __________ rate refers to the total number of individuals infected at any one time regardless of when the disease began.
- A.
Prevalence
- B.
Morbidity
- C.
Mortality
- D.
Index
Correct Answer
A. Prevalence -
- 18.
The __________ rate is the relationship of the number of deaths from a given disease to the total number of cases of the disease.
- A.
Prevalence
- B.
Morbidity
- C.
Mortality
- D.
Index
Correct Answer
C. Mortality -
- 19.
An infectious disease may
- A.
Be mild.
- B.
Be severe.
- C.
Kill the host.
- D.
all of the choices
Correct Answer
D. all of the choices -
- 20.
A __________ epidemic is characterized by a sharp rise to a peak then a rapid, but not as pronounced, decline in the number of individuals infected.
- A.
Propagated
- B.
Common-source
- C.
Herd
- D.
Sporadic
Correct Answer
B. Common-source -
- 21.
A __________ epidemic is characterized by a relatively slow and prolonged rise then a gradual decline in the number of individuals infected.
- A.
Propagated
- B.
Common-source
- C.
Herd
- D.
Sporadic
Correct Answer
A. Propagated -
- 22.
Which type of epidemic usually results from a single contaminated source such as food?
- A.
Propagated
- B.
Common-source
- C.
Herd
- D.
Sporadic
Correct Answer
B. Common-source -
- 23.
Which type of epidemic usually results from the introduction of a single infected individual into a susceptible population?
- A.
Propagated
- B.
Common-source
- C.
Herd
- D.
Sporadic
Correct Answer
A. Propagated -
- 24.
___________ immunity is an epidemiological concept that explains the resistance of a population to infection and the spread of an infectious organism due to the immunity of a high percentage of the population.
- A.
Natural
- B.
Experimental
- C.
Herd
- D.
Innate
Correct Answer
C. Herd -
- 25.
An organism that is able to be transmitted from one host to another is said to be
- A.
Infective
- B.
Virulent
- C.
Pathogenic
- D.
Communicable
Correct Answer
D. Communicable -
- 26.
The site or natural environmental location in which the causative organism is normally found is called the
- A.
Reservoir
- B.
Source
- C.
Carrier
- D.
Animate phase.
Correct Answer
A. Reservoir -
- 27.
Which of the following is a mechanism by which new susceptible individuals enter a population?
- A.
Birth of new individuals
- B.
migration of individuals into the population
- C.
enhancement of immune systems through immunization
- D.
Birth of new individuals and migration of individuals into the population
Correct Answer
D. Birth of new individuals and migration of individuals into the population -
- 28.
A major, genetically determined change in the antigenic character of a pathogen is called antigenic drift.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 29.
The immediate location from which a disease-causing organism is transmitted to a host either directly or through an intermediate is called the __________.
Correct Answer
source - 30.
The location where a disease-causing organism is normally found is called the __________.
Correct Answer
reservoir - 31.
Which of the following is considered a newly emerging disease?
- A.
Escherichia coli O157:H7
- B.
Cryptosporidiosis
- C.
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above -
- 32.
Which of the following contributes to the emergence of new diseases?
- A.
Rapid transportation systems and the mobility of the population
- B.
Ecological disruption such as the loss of predators and the destruction of rain forests
- C.
increased drug usage and sexual promiscuity
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. All of the choices -
- 33.
An autogenous infection is one that is caused by an agent derived from the microbiota of a hospital patient regardless of whether it became part of the patient's microbiota before or after hospital admission.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 34.
__________ are the leading cause of nosocomial diseases.
- A.
Bacteria
- B.
Viruses
- C.
Protozoa
- D.
Fungi
Correct Answer
A. Bacteria -
- 35.
The most common nosocomial infections are
- A.
respiratory tract infections.
- B.
Urinary tract infections.
- C.
Gastrointestinal tract infections.
- D.
Skin infections.
Correct Answer
B. Urinary tract infections. -
- 36.
The Centers for Disease Control estimate that __________ of all hospital patients acquire some type of nosocomial infection.
- A.
About 1%
- B.
About 10%
- C.
About 20%
- D.
About 50%
Correct Answer
B. About 10% -
- 37.
An infection that is incubating in a patient at the time of admission and which develops clinical symptoms during the patient's stay in a health care facility is not considered nosocomial.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 38.
Nosocomial infections are ones that develop within any health care facility.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 39.
Most organisms that cause nosocomial infections come from endogenous sources.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 40.
An infected individual who is a potential source of infection for others and plays an important role in the epidemiology of the disease is a
- A.
Carrier
- B.
Reservoir
- C.
Host
- D.
index case.
Correct Answer
A. Carrier -
- 41.
Chlorination of water supplies represents an epidemiological technique directed at
- A.
Eliminating susceptible individuals.
- B.
Eliminating sources of infection.
- C.
Sterilizing water.
- D.
improving the palatability of water.
Correct Answer
B. Eliminating sources of infection. -
- 42.
Which of the following is used to reduce or eliminate the source of an infection?
- A.
Treatment of sewage to reduce water contamination
- B.
destruction of vectors by spraying insecticides
- C.
destruction of an animal reservoir of the infectious agent
- D.
All of the choices are used to reduce or eliminate the source of an infection.
Correct Answer
D. All of the choices are used to reduce or eliminate the source of an infection. -
- 43.
Active immunization of a population will raise the general level of herd immunity.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 44.
Antigens in vaccines are mixed with an adjuvant to enhance the rate and degree of immunization.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 45.
Vaccines using inactivated pathogens do not stimulate cell-mediated immunity as effectively as vaccines using attenuated pathogens.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 46.
The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act identifies select agents and categorizes them as either level 1, 2, or 3.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 47.
It is likely that an act of _________ will be defined by a sudden spike in an unusual disease reported to the public health system.
Correct Answer
bioterrorism - 48.
The intentional or threatened use of viruses, bacteria, fungi, or toxins from living organisms to produce death or disease in humans, animals, and plants is known as
- A.
chemical warfare.
- B.
Bioterrorism.
- C.
Zoonosis
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
B. Bioterrorism. -
- 49.
Precautions that can be taken by individuals to prevent travel-related infectious diseases include
- A.
Wash hands with soap and water frequently.
- B.
get or update vaccinations appropriate for specific destinations.
- C.
Take antibiotics prophylactically for potential bacterial infections.
- D.
wash hands with soap and water frequently and get or update vaccinations appropriate for specific destinations.
- E.
Wash hands with soap and water frequently, get or update vaccinations appropriate for specific destinations, and take antibiotics prophylactically for potential bacterial infections.
Correct Answer
D. wash hands with soap and water frequently and get or update vaccinations appropriate for specific destinations. -
- 50.
Of the approximately 12 million deaths in the developed countries per year, only about ___________ (about 4%) are due to infectious diseases.
Correct Answer
500,000
five hundred thousand
Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
-
Current Version
-
Feb 19, 2013Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Jun 16, 2012Quiz Created by
Andreazza
- Anatomy Quizzes
- Bio Quizzes
- Biological Evolution Quizzes
- Biology Exam Quizzes
- Biology Test Quizzes
- Cell Quizzes
- Cell Biology Quizzes
- Chapters Of Biology Quizzes
- Classical Conditioning Quizzes
- Conservation Biology Quizzes
- Enzyme Quizzes
- Fungi Quizzes
- General Biology Quizzes
- Genetics Quizzes
- Immunology Quizzes
- Macromolecule Quizzes
- Marine Biology Quizzes
- Mitosis And Meiosis Quizzes
- Molecular Biology Quizzes
- Parasitology Quizzes
- Physiology Quizzes
- Prokaryote Quizzes
- Protist And Fungi Quizzes
- Protozoa Quizzes
- Respiratory Quizzes
- Spine Quizzes
- Stem Cell Quizzes
- Taxonomy Quizzes
- Traits Quizzes
- Ultimate Biology Quizzes
- Zoology Quizzes
Back to top