AP Chemistry Chapter 2 Quiz (Part 1)
This quiz covers sections 2.1-2.5 in Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions in the textbook.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Who first used the term "atom" to describe small, invisible particles?
- A.
Boyle
- B.
Lavoisier
- C.
Democritus
- D.
Bauer
Correct Answer
C. DemocritusExplanation
Democritus is credited with first using the term "atom" to describe small, invisible particles. He was an ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that all matter is made up of indivisible particles called atoms. Democritus believed that atoms are constantly moving and can combine to form different substances. His atomic theory laid the foundation for modern understanding of the composition and behavior of matter.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Who verified a law that suggested mass is neither created nor destroyed?
- A.
Dalton
- B.
Lavoisier
- C.
Stahl
- D.
Bauer
Correct Answer
B. LavoisierExplanation
Lavoisier is the correct answer because he conducted experiments and formulated the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Lavoisier's experiments involved measuring the mass of reactants and products before and after a reaction, and he consistently found that the total mass remained constant. This discovery revolutionized the field of chemistry and laid the foundation for the concept of the conservation of mass.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The principle of the constant composition of compounds is called what?
- A.
Law of conservation of mass
- B.
Law of definite proportions
- C.
Law of conservation of energy
- D.
Law of multiple proportions
Correct Answer
B. Law of definite proportionsExplanation
The principle of the constant composition of compounds refers to the fact that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass. This principle is known as the law of definite proportions. According to this law, the ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound is always constant, regardless of the amount of the compound. This law was first proposed by Joseph Proust in the late 18th century and is one of the fundamental principles of chemistry.Rate this question:
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- 4.
When two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of masses of the second element that combine with 1 gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers is called ____________?
- A.
Law of definite proportions
- B.
Law of conservation of mass
- C.
Law of multiple proportions
- D.
Law of conservation of energy
Correct Answer
C. Law of multiple proportionsExplanation
The law of multiple proportions states that when two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of masses of the second element that combine with 1 gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers. This means that the masses of the second element that combine with a fixed mass of the first element are always in whole number ratios. This law supports the idea that elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds, providing evidence for the existence of atoms and the atomic theory.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which is NOT part of Dalton's Atomic Theory?
- A.
Each element is made up of tiny particles called atoms
- B.
The atoms of a given element are identical; the atoms of different elements are different in some fundamental way or ways.
- C.
Mass of atoms is neither created nor destroyed
- D.
Chemical compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine with each other. A given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms.
Correct Answer
C. Mass of atoms is neither created nor destroyedExplanation
Dalton's Atomic Theory includes the idea that the mass of atoms is neither created nor destroyed. This concept is known as the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that in a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products. This law supports the idea that atoms are indivisible and that they cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, only rearranged.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Negatively charged particles are called ___________.
- A.
Quarks
- B.
Protons
- C.
Neutrons
- D.
Electrons
Correct Answer
D. ElectronsExplanation
Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom. They are one of the fundamental particles that make up atoms, along with protons and neutrons. Electrons have a much smaller mass compared to protons and neutrons, and they carry a negative charge equal in magnitude to the positive charge of a proton. Electrons play a crucial role in chemical reactions and the flow of electric current.Rate this question:
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- 7.
An atom that consists of a diffuse cloud of positive charge with the negative electrons embedded randomly in it is a description of what 20th century model?
- A.
Avagadro's hypothesis
- B.
Atomus
- C.
Oil-drop experiment
- D.
Plum pudding model
Correct Answer
D. Plum pudding modelExplanation
The plum pudding model, proposed by J.J. Thomson in the early 20th century, describes an atom as a diffuse cloud of positive charge with the negative electrons embedded randomly within it. This model suggests that the atom is made up of a positively charged "pudding" with the negatively charged electrons scattered throughout, similar to plums in a pudding. The model was later disproven by the experiments of Ernest Rutherford, leading to the development of the nuclear model of the atom.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which is not a type of radioactive emission?
- A.
Beta
- B.
Atomic
- C.
Gamma
- D.
Alpha
Correct Answer
B. AtomicExplanation
Atomic is not a type of radioactive emission. The other options - beta, gamma, and alpha - are all types of radioactive emissions. Beta radiation consists of high-energy electrons or positrons, gamma radiation is high-energy electromagnetic radiation, and alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei. Atomic, on the other hand, refers to the structure and behavior of atoms and is not a form of radioactive emission.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called what?
- A.
Protons
- B.
Radioactivity
- C.
Nuclear atoms
- D.
Isotopes
Correct Answer
D. IsotopesExplanation
Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This means that they have the same atomic number but different atomic masses. Isotopes of an element have similar chemical properties but may have different physical properties, such as different radioactive decay rates.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is the mass number of Fluorine?
- A.
19
- B.
10
- C.
9
- D.
0
Correct Answer
A. 19Explanation
The mass number of an atom is the sum of its protons and neutrons. Fluorine has 9 protons, which is its atomic number, and the given correct answer is 19. Therefore, the mass number of Fluorine is 19.Rate this question:
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- 11.
How many protons are in an atom of Sodium?
- A.
23
- B.
11
- C.
12
- D.
0
Correct Answer
B. 11Explanation
Sodium is an element with an atomic number of 11, which means it has 11 protons in its nucleus. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Therefore, the correct answer is 11.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jun 12, 2010Quiz Created by
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