Molarity Practice Quiz

Explanation
The molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. In this case, the solute is sodium chloride (NaCl) and the solution is seawater. To calculate the molarity, we need to convert the mass of NaCl to moles and then divide by the volume of the solution in liters. Given that seawater contains 28.0 g of NaCl per liter, we can convert this to moles using the molar mass of NaCl (58.44 g/mol). Dividing the moles of NaCl by the volume of the solution in liters gives us the molarity. Calculating this value, we find that the molarity of sodium chloride in seawater is 0.479M.

Explanation
The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. In this case, we need to first convert the mass of Na2CO3 to moles by using its molar mass. Then, we divide the moles by the volume of the solution in liters. The molarity is calculated to be 0.125M.

Explanation
To find the molarity of a solution, we need to calculate the number of moles of solute (NaOH) and divide it by the volume of the solution in liters.

First, we need to convert the mass of NaOH from grams to moles. The molar mass of NaOH is 22.99 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol + 1.01 g/mol = 40.00 g/mol. So, 5.00 g of NaOH is equal to 5.00 g / 40.00 g/mol = 0.125 mol.

Next, we need to convert the volume of the solution from milliliters to liters. 750.0 mL is equal to 750.0 mL / 1000 mL/L = 0.750 L.

Finally, we divide the number of moles (0.125 mol) by the volume of the solution in liters (0.750 L) to get the molarity. 0.125 mol / 0.750 L = 0.1667 M, which rounds to 0.167 M.

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 0.167M.

Explanation
Molarity is defined as the moles of solute divided by the liters of solution. The molar mass of NaOH is 40 g/mol, so this solution contains 10.00 g NaOH/ 40 g/mol = 0.25 moles of NaOH. 1900.0 mL is 1.9 L. As such, the molarity of the solution is 0.25 mol / 1.9 L = 0.13 M, which is not one of the answer choices given.

Explanation
The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. In this case, we need to first calculate the moles of H3PO4. The molar mass of H3PO4 is 97.99 g/mol. By dividing the given mass of H3PO4 (20.0 g) by its molar mass, we find that there are 0.204 moles of H3PO4. Next, we convert the given volume of the solution (50.0 mL) to liters by dividing it by 1000. The volume of the solution is 0.050 L. Finally, we divide the moles of H3PO4 by the volume of the solution to find the molarity: 0.204 moles / 0.050 L = 4.08 M.

Explanation
To calculate the molarity of a solution, we need to divide the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. In this case, we have 0.450 moles of NaCl dissolved in 95.0 mL of water. To convert the volume to liters, we divide by 1000, giving us 0.095 L. Dividing the moles by the volume in liters, we get a molarity of 4.737 M. Rounded to the nearest tenth, the molarity of the NaCl solution is 4.7M.

Explanation
The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. In this case, we are given the mass of NaCl (15g) and the volume of the solution (75 mL). We need to convert the volume from milliliters to liters by dividing it by 1000. Then, we can calculate the moles of NaCl by dividing the mass by its molar mass. Finally, we divide the moles by the volume in liters to find the molarity. The correct answer is 3.4M.

Explanation
To find the volume of the solution, we can use the formula:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (L)

Given that the molarity is 1.3 M and the moles of solute is 45.0 g of Ca(NO3)2, we need to find the volume of the solution.

First, we need to convert the mass of Ca(NO3)2 to moles. The molar mass of Ca(NO3)2 is 164 g/mol, so:

moles of Ca(NO3)2 = mass / molar mass
moles of Ca(NO3)2 = 45.0 g / 164 g/mol
moles of Ca(NO3)2 = 0.2744 mol

Now, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the volume of the solution:

volume of solution = moles of solute / Molarity
volume of solution = 0.2744 mol / 1.3 mol/L
volume of solution ≈ 0.211 L

Since the volume is given in milliliters, we convert it to mL:

volume of solution = 0.211 L * 1000 mL/L
volume of solution ≈ 211 mL

Therefore, the volume of the solution is 210 mL.

Explanation
Waters can have varying salinities, so there is not enough information to calculate an answer to this question. Additionally, rivers are freshwater sources and likely have low concentrations of sodium chloride.

Explanation
The number of moles of a substance can be calculated using the formula: moles = concentration (M) × volume (L). In this case, the concentration is given as 0.25 M and the volume is given as 75 mL. However, the volume needs to be converted to liters by dividing it by 1000 (since 1 L = 1000 mL). Therefore, the volume is 75 mL ÷ 1000 = 0.075 L. Plugging these values into the formula, we get moles = 0.25 M × 0.075 L = 0.0188 mol.