TOEFL Mock Test 87: Reading Passages

1. SHOCK Shock is caused by blood loss making the victim feel restless, thirsty, and cold. He may perspire a great deal, and although his pulse is fast, it is also very weak. His breathing becomes labored and his lips turn blue. Below are the different types of circulatory shock along with its causes. (1) One is the so called low-volume shock where in it is a condition brought about by extreme loss of bloods or blood plasma that the remaining blood is insufficient to fill the whole circulatory system. The blood loss may occur outside the body, as in a hemorrhage caused by injury to an artery or vein, or the loss may be internal because of the blood loss at the site of a major fracture, burn, or bleeding ulcer. Professional treatment involves replacement of blood loss by transfusion. (2) The next one is the neurogenic shock, manifested by fainting and it usually occurs when the regulating capacity of the nervous system is impaired by severe pain, profound fright, or overwhelming stimulus. This type of shock is usually relieved by having the victim lie down with his head lower than the rest of his body. (3) Following is the allergic shock, also called anaphylactic shock. It occurs when the functioning of the blood vessels is disturbed by a person's sensitivity to the injection of particular foreign substance, as in the case of an insect sting or certain medicines. Then there is the septic shock. This is brought on by infection from certain bacteria that release a poison which affects the proper functioning of the blood vessels. (4) Lastly is the cardiac shock which is often caused by any circumstances that affects the pumping action of the heart. The heart stopped beating altogether or is beating so weakly or so irregularly that it cannot maintain proper blood circulation leading to cardiac arrest. Source: The New Family Health Encyclopedia Volume Four; 1025-1368 Question: Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted passage?

Low volume shock may be caused by external and internal elements

The shock can be treated by transfusion and injection of foreign elements

Low volume shock is not the extremist shock among the five types of shock

The shock can easily be acquired especially by internal cause

Process in a circuit

Movement in a straight course

Process in a circular motion

Movement in a circuit

1st paragraph

2nd paragraph

3rd paragraph

4th paragraph

Functioning poorly

Intoxicated

Lessened

Strengthened